Analysis of the Fatality Rates of Boat and Ferry Accident on Inland Waterways...
MPP Response Vessel Octopus - MCR 2015
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A Summery of sta s cs and studies carried out on behalf of or by Governments ‐ Mari me Organisa‐
ons ‐ Classifica on Socie es and Ins tu ons including the Interna onal Mari me Organiza on (IMO)
and the European Mari me Safety Agency (EMSA), have shown that 51% of accidents involved bulk
liquid and solid substances, while 47% involving packaged goods transported in containers, drums
etcetera and 2% unknown.
Packaged goods do as well make up a substan al number of Hazardous and Noxious Substances
(HNS) incidents.
At present the contracted stand‐by vessels, including governmental vessels, are in way of pollu on
preparedness and response in European waters, only equipped to combat oil spills, unable to operate
in or nearby a flammable/toxic atmosphere.
The North Sea is one of the world’s busiest seas with approximately 260.000 ship movements a year
and the fact that most HNS are commonly transported by sea, it’s obvious that due to their hazardous
nature the risks associated with HNS transport is imaginable.
Picture NHL
IIIIIIIIII Intensive Ship Traffic
IIIIIIIIII Designated Shipping Routes
DW Deep‐water Routes
Sta s cs from the Interna onal Tanker Owners Pollu on Federa on Ltd (ITOPF) stated that spills are
drama c reduced since 1970 due to the combined efforts of the oil/shipping industry and govern‐
ments (largely through the IMO) improving safety and pollu on preven on.
Main causes of larger spills were between vessels running against another and collisions (30%) further
due to groundings (33%) and other significant causes including hull failures and fire‐explosion.
The recent collision under Dutch coast between a Car carrier and a Container vessel should alert Op‐
erators and Organisa ons concerning the imminent threat of such but HNS cargo involved.
PREAMBLE
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Oil Spills do happen more frequently, vessels –pla orms and or pipelines where involved with minor
to major oil spills.
From on the grounding of the oil tanker “Torrey Canyon” in the English Channel in 1967 world‐wide,
States and private companies innovated, improved and manufactured oil spill and environmental
response equipment un l today.
Dutch Companies invented and constructed already in 1970 an oil spill recovery system and assisted
at first at the Paciffic Colocotronis incident (pictures below).
Recovery systems at todays marked do recover at major spills a substance mixture of approximately
70% water and 30 % spilled product.
In the brochure described “vacuum sea surface clean system” (VSSCS) enables an far more efficient
recovery .
Incidents at sea do not always happened under calm weather condi ons, recovery circumstances with
wave heights up to three meters and over nine meters of swell are not unthinkable.
Under such condi ons the recovered, on board pumped substances from a today’s skimmer, or so
called sweeping arm systems do mostly contain a large amount of water.
The fact is that un l present mechanical recovery at sea in a large‐scale disaster , the most effec ve
way to recover oil at sea using today’s available recovery equipment, finally has only a marginal im‐
pact on the total spilled amount.
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MCR‐Shipping BV established in July 2009 by a group of professionals having many years of experi‐
ence in the field of shipping and Mari me Consultancy, were under Nau cal / Technical and Opera‐
onal Management for own and third par es vessels under which; Oil ‐Chemical Tanker(s), LPG Carri‐
er’s, Heavy Li Vessel’s MPP Container carriers and Trailing Suc on Hopper Dredger(s).
At 2005 contracted by owners of a Trailing Suc on Hopper Dredger (TSHD) to assist in contract com‐
pliance with the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment (RWS). A Ship Tailored Oil Spill Re‐
sponse Procedure Handbook has been developed with approval from the Netherlands Shipping In‐
spec on (RWS work procedures, SOSROP 1 –13 included) and;
Installing of addi onal Safety and Fire Figh ng equipment on board for complying with vessels
Class Socie es – Rules and Regula ons
Change of Vessels Class nota on with addi onal character “Oil Response Vessel for products
with a flashpoint above 60° C”.
October 2008 a well‐known Belgium dredging company contracted MCR to assist in achieving the
same for two TSHD’s from different Dutch Owners , opera onal wise sta oned in the North‐ Sea ar‐
ea. In achieving contract compliance, for the European Mari me Safety Agency (EMSA ), in way of
assistance to equip and installa on of oil combat materials on board and storage a‐shore, class is‐
sues concerned cer fica on, drawings and Safety Plan altera ons for both vessels have been pro‐
duced.
Companies Safety Management Opera onal Procedures were amended accordingly.
As those vessels are owned and operated by two different managements (D.O.C. “ Document Of Com‐
pliance), MCR developed two separate Ship tailored Company Oil Spill Response procedures Hand‐
book’s as per EMSA contract requirements, approved by vessels Class Society and the Netherlands
Shipping Inspec on.
MCR arranged and followed up per EMSA tender requirements OPRC90 IMO” level 1”‐ First Respond‐
er & “level 2” On Scene Commander training and Cer fica on for vessels crew, stand by crew and
Office Managers. ( Training Courses performed by Professor W. Koops , author of the first in the
Netherlands 1985 published Oil Combat Handbook ).
July 2009 MCR Shipping BV par cipated in an group of Ins tu ons and companies in way of a Brain
Storm Secession, inves ga ng the possibility in development of a Chemical Spill Response Vessel.
Par cipated by representa ves of;
The Netherlands Government (Ministry of infrastructure and the environment)
The Netherlands Shipping Inspectorate (I.L.T.)
The Human Environment and Transport Inspectorate
Classifica on Society (Bureau Veritas Ro erdam)
Mc2 Ventures The Netherlands Den Helder
Dutch Royal Navy Den Helder ‐ CZSK/OST/MATLOG
NHL ‐ University Of Applied Sciences Leeuwarden The Netherlands,
Mari me Ins tu on Willem Barentsz (Ocean Technology ) Terschelling The Netherlands
Major Dutch Oil Spill Response Equipment suppliers
TU‐Del
Salvage Companies (Smit & Svitzer)
Shipyard representa ve (Damen)
INTRODUCTION MCR SHIPPING B.V.
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The vessel to comply with the latest edi on of the following regula ons:
Interna onal Conven on for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974, and its protocol of 1988:
ar cles, annexes and Cer ficates, as amended;
Code of Safety for Special Purpose Ships 2008‐ Annex 17 – I.M.O.Resolu on MSC.266 (84)
Interna onal Life‐Saving Appliance Code (LSAcode) Resolu on MSC.48(66)Interna onal Code
for ‐ Fire Safety Systems (FSScode) Resolu on MSC.98 (73);
the BCC code “ “Code for the Construc on and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemi‐
cals in Bulk” (“Bulk Chemical Code” in short, adopted under IMO resolu ons (as amended)
I.M.O. Goal Based Standards (GBS) and IACS harmonised Common Structural Rules (CSRH)
which are in full compliance with the IMO GBS coming into force in the middle of 2016;
MARPOL 73/78 , Annex II (Noxious Liquid Substances carried in bulk), Annex III (Harmful sub‐
stances carried in packaged forms ) and having facili es for the recovery of hazardous substanc‐
es plus tanks for liquid substances in bulk and /or holds for packaged and solid bulk goods;
Vessel will comply with all further MARPOL 73/78, Annexes concerning:
a. the regula ons for the preven on of Pollu on by Sewage from ships;
b. the regula ons for the preven on of Pollu on by Garbage from ships;
c. the regula ons for the preven on of Air Pollu on by from ships incl. MEPC64 concerning
EEDI,SEEMP and EEOI.
Vessel complies to OCIMF / Oil Majors Minimum Safety criteria;
Naviga onal and communica on aids are conform Interna onal / Na onal rules and regula‐
ons for World Wide Naviga onal Service & GDMSS A1+A2+A3;
Hazardous atmosphere zones 0 ‐ 1 and 2 are conform Class regula ons and Interna onal
Standard IEC 60092‐502 Electrical Installa ons in Ships: Tankers Special features;
The vessel is equipped to operate in an explosive atmosphere , all electrical l equipment com‐
plies with the direc ves as laid down by class socie es rules and the Interna onal Standard IEC
60092‐502.
Vessels Cargo tanks are approx. 800 m³ each 6 tanks in total gives vessel 4.800 m³ capacity.
Note: Quan ty of a cargo required to be carried in a Type 1 ship shall not exceed 1,250 m³ in any one
Tank. If vessels design as such permi ed to construct larger Tanks the maximum contents restricted
to above.
Addi onal 2 Slop tanks a approx. 130 m³ each (not limited to), increased vessel tank capacity with
approx. 260 m³, which means 5060 m³ Cargo Tank Capacity in total.
4. RULES, REGULATIONS AND CERTIFICATES
5. CONCEPT CARGO TANK CAPACITY AND EQUIPMENT
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Pressure / vacuum controlled vent system
Each cargo and slop tank provided with independent tank air vent pipe with one high velocity pres‐
sure / vacuum control valve.
Hea ng system for cargo
In order to maintain the viscosity of certain cargoes stainless steel 316L hea ng coils fi ed in the Car‐
go – slop and drain tanks, transferring heat into the cargo which circulates in the tank by natural con‐
vec on.
Cargo – slop and drain tanks foreseen hea ng medium is hot water/glycol mixture.
One heat exchanger, having a capacity 1800 kW fi ed in heat exchanger room with two circula on
pumps, expansion tank and accessories.
Individual deck heaters are installed in order to heat up cargo for each cargo tank and the Slop tanks.
Heat exchange of the deck heater approx. 250 kW.
Secondary System heater Capacity approx. 1800 kW with a thermal oil temperature in/out of 260/210
°C and a thermal oil flow around 64 m³/h. The Secondary side thermal oil 110 / 160°C
Cargo plant
Each tank provided with an individual Hydraulic (FRAMO System) driven deep well pump or electrical
driven and F/C controlled by an “3/7 Matrix solu on” Frequency converter system.
All tanks provided with separate piping system, which means that each tank can load a separate cargo
without any mixing.
Integrated Manifold
Since the scope of the Octopus is certainly comprehensive, the ship to be equipped with a solu on
combining the necessary work deck with the possibility of loading and unloading oil or chemicals. This
solu on could be in the form of construc ng an Integrated Manifold.
(Proposal NHL students ‐Semester Mari me Innova on and Sustainability July 2013)
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Nitrogen Generator (Inert Gas Generator)
Cargo‐ slop tanks, are protected against explosion by inert gas blankets.
One nitrogen generator (IGS system) installed with a capacity of 500 m³/h and the delivery pres‐
sure of 10 bars. One storage receiver fi ed.
Tank cleaning system
A fixed tank cleaning system using fresh and sea water installed. Capacity and loca on of tank clean‐
ing machines are arranged to give efficient cleaning of tanks. Connec on for injec on of cleaning so‐
lu ons in to the wash water is provided a er tank cleaning heater.
Due to vessels construc on, having transverse s ffeners on deck and not inside the cargo tanks, the
tank walls are smooth and easy to clean by tank cleaning machines.
For the discharge of wash water a Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control system is installed (M.D.O.)
which complies to MARPOL requirements.
All output informa on is printed and recorded: Time and date (UTC) ‐ Ships Posi on (GPS) ‐ Instanta‐
neous oil content (PPM) ‐ Flow rate of discharge (ton /hr) ‐ Ships Speed (Knts) ‐ Instantaneous rate of
discharged oil (L /Nm) ‐ total quan ty of oil discharged (L) ‐ Status of discharge ‐ Sample point select‐
ed ‐ Type of Oil.
In accordance with IMO Resolu ons MEPC. 108 (49)
Li ing gear for cargo hoses
One hose handling crane installed on main deck with a capacity of 5 mtons and 16m outreach.
A 650 ton mast crane with inshore li capacity of 650t and offshore li capacity of 400 ton,
enables recovery of lost containers at serious depths and assist in underwater construc on projects,
vessels fi ed with a Deepwater Deployment System (DDS) for installing offshore structures and moor‐
ing systems in water depths up to 3,000 m.
The special constructed and fire safe protected a area of the vessel, allows safely drain of recovered
containers containing chemicals (see NHL study report 09‐11‐2012).
The a deck space allows parking of at least one stack of 10 pcs 45 or 20 pcs 20 containers.
Work deck strengthen for a deck load of 15t/m².
(Students proposal regarding an integrated manifold could be taken into during the design phase)
Emergency towing arrangements and windlass fi ed a .
Vessels Bollard Pull must be sufficient for towing a larger disabled vessel in to open waters and or as‐
sis ng in arranging a towing assemble with a salvage tug in risk zone L.
6. AFT ‐ LOAD ‐ WORK DECK
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Vessel classed with character “unmanned engine room”. An air filter system only applicable for air
intake main engine(s) and auxiliaries. It must be observed that vessels main propulsion i.e. main en‐
gine(s) generator sets at chemical recovery opera ons are restricted in power take off if only an air
flow from a filter system is fi ed.
For this sufficient air supply to main generator set(s) and emergency generator must be granted at all
mes.
Addi onal to a filter system or in combina on with:
An air regenera on plant to be installed and;
Addi onal high pressure air vessels provided for emergency air supply to Citadel and other rele‐
vant compartments / accommoda on areas.
Vessels hybrid system ensured an safe addi onal opera onal range in a polluted atmosphere.
Engine Room emission from Main Engine (s) Gen sets and or Auxiliaries Gen Sets – Boilers etcetera
must be duly protected with high efficient spark arrestors and a cool down system as required and
permi ed by the class society.
Vessels main propulsion will be a diesel electric propulsion systems comprised of eight main diesel
driven generator sets combined with a Hybrid propulsion system consis ng a large ba ery pack for
energy storage to be used as part of vessel’s propulsion energy
The opera on of the Generator engines sets will be effec vely smooth and cost effec ve, resulted in
a significant emission reduc on.
Intended main propulsion for the vessel is provided by three Azimuth main propel‐
lers . Addi onal manoeuvring system comprises two Azimuth forward Thrusters, and
a tunnel Thruster a .
An extremely fast and precise propeller control system allows the “Octopus” to be
kept safely and accurately on posi on ensured by vessels dynamic posi oning sys‐
tem (DP3).
Future international regulations regarding sulphur emissions from ships imply that
low sulphur fuel should be used in the future. See ECA directives 2015‐2018 to 2020
and Marpol Annex VI regulation concerning new engines in 2016 the so called Tier III.
For this a decision must be made if generator sets drive diesels are to run on Marine Gas Oil (MGO)
including the use of an cooling system or LNG.
All depends on research outcome which clear sets the lowest emission standards, 20/30% reduction
in fuel consumption can be achieved by this today’s technology.
7. MACHINERY IN GENERAL
8. PROPULSION SYSTEM
Picture Rolls Royce
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Inten on is to accommodate on board the vessel:
Accommoda on for fourteen regular crew members if vessel in regular tanker or offshore trade
Accommoda on for twenty addi onal crew members if vessel mobilised for response ac vi es
and having accommoda on for;
‐ 36 Persons regular Crew (Crew composi on opera onal wise to be adjust as stated on
the Minimum Safe Manning Cer ficate Table I to IV)
‐ 20 Addi onal Crew
‐ 22 sub number persons
Recovery area and equipment for 50 persons
Hospital accommoda on
On‐board facili es of the vessel includes:
Rescue facility able to accommodate 50 + persons (as required by Interna onal rules;
online / offline room and conference room;
One ROV control room and one ROV garage;
One Laboratory with analysing facili es;
Diving equipment space and one Diver pressure chamber enable to treat and transport divers
under pressure;
A 3m x 3m moon pool which can be equipped for under water ROV opera ons or other.
Design objec ve of this vessel is in having a commercial operated vessel with all necessary require‐
ments to enter hazardous environments and having the capability of performing various opera onal
aspects during Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) incidents at sea, whilst protec ng their crew
and preven ng an escala on of the incident.
Hazards iden fied (HNS) incidents concerned are grouped into five main types:
Flammable / Explosive Leak
Fire
Health Hazard / Toxic
Cryogenic / Gases under pressure
Corrosive
12. ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES
13. SPECIAL FEATURES FOR OPERATIONS IN AN EXPLOSIVE AND/OR TOXIC ATHMOSPHERE
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To enable the vessel to operate and response on HNS incidents, the vessels is:
Equipped for Fire Figh ng in a Hazardous Atmosphere
Citadel‐ Protected Air & Air Lock
The accesses to the citadel will be provided with air locks, which ensure the maintenance of over‐
pressure inside. As per Class requirements an air lock must comprise two doors not less than 1,5 m
apart. The doors must be self‐ closing and may not have any fixing devices. The door sill must be at
least 300 mm high. Legal s pula ons going beyond this are to be observed. An alarm will be provided
which indicates if more than one of the doors is not fully closed.
Engine Room protected Air & Air Lock (as above) that enables the
vessel to reach or leave a casualty vessel from a so‐called Safety
Zone’s.
Due to vessels features opera on in a High risk are is possible. Be
guided by the HELCOM response manual Vol.2, which determine
the risk level regarding High Risk Zone H, Medium Risk Zone M and
Low Risk Zone L. It’s obvious that every casualty do need an individ‐
ual evalua on.
Source: EMSA—Safe Pla orm Study ‐ January 2012
The fact that vessels ba eries as well can be used as addi onal energy for vessels propulsion system
a significant addi onal safety barrier is available that in worst circumstances persons need to be res‐
cued out of Zone H, M and L.
Vessel all over fi ed with a self‐protec on / deluge system;
Gas detec on System for alarming and self‐protec on;
High Tech Laboratory ou it for fast product and gas analysing were under a Mass Spectrome‐
ter & sampling kit etcetera;
Fixed Foam Fire Ex nguishing System;
Nitrogen Generator (Inert Gas Generator);
Two 500mtr Oil Booms and Skimmer as op on.
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As Oil‐Chemical Tanker, the Vessel complies to MARPOL 73/78, ANNEX II; which clear defines which
water / products contents are by interna onal rules and under which circumstances indeed allowed
to be discharged into Sea.
As this vessel has a large storage tank capacity with sufficient heat capacity, which results, if applica‐
ble, reducing oil / water separa on reten on me and do increase separa on results accordingly, a
high capacity Oil Water Separator will be installed.
For example a (U.K.) OWS type max. capacity / per unit 5 m³ /hr or;
MCR‐Shipping B.V.’s Water Separa on System (S ll under research‐ test phase). Recently MCR‐
Shipping B.V. received from a private source informa on concerning an Oily Water Separator concept
with a dual filter system enable of con nuous trea ng of oily water mixture to less than 2ppm as per
apparatus concept design.
Consul ng former colleagues having knowledge about working principles of oily water separa on we
studied the forwarded informa on as such and so far believe that this OWS achieves sufficient sepa‐
ra on without the combina on of an for example last step plate or gravity separator.
This high capacity unit (up to 450m³/hr) can be constructed with small dimensions.
As the OWS has no mechanical moving parts, maintenance of the unit is minimal.
The MCR OWS layout and working principle together with the in chapter 14 described vacuum sea
surface clean system (VSSCS) was forwarded to the Dutch Patent Agency for inves ga on.
As per Agencies received inves ga on results and our ongoing research, our conclusion is that at pre‐
sent no other available system compares to our described systems.
15. OIL ‐ WATER SEPARATION UNIT
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In 2013 the University of Applied Sciences Leeuwarden, The Netherlands (NHL)
introduced MCR‐Shipping B.V.’s MPP MCR‐001 (Renamed “Octopus”) to five se‐
lected groups Ship Building students being part of Semester Mari me Innova on
and Sustainability.
Each individual group was coached by:
Rijkswaterstaat
MCR‐Shipping B.V.
Barkmeijer Shipyard
Germanischer Lloyd
University Of Applied Sciences Leeuwarden NHL
Beside former (5) Rules & Regula ons all shipbuilding aspects are taken into account including
Probabilis c: MSC 216(82) / MSC 82 (58) /SOLAS 2009 /MSC IARC 1226 and;
Determinis c: IACS no.110 / SOLAS Chapter II‐1, Regula ons 4.1, 4.2, 5‐1 and 19 / Res. MSC.143(77)
"Adop on of amendments to the Protocol of 1988 rela ng to the Interna onal Conven on on Load
Lines, 1966", Regula ons 27(2), 27(3), 27(11), 27(12)and 27(13) 1) / Res. MSC.281(85) "Explanatory
Notes to the SOLAS Chapter II‐1 Subdivision and Damage Stability Regula ons" ‐ special a en on
should be paid to Guidelines for the Prepara on of Subdivision and Damage Stability Calcula ons
specified in the Appendix; / Res. MSC.245(83) "Recommenda on on a Standard Method for Evalu‐
a ng Cross Flooding Arrangements" / MSC.1/Circ.1245 "Guidelines for Damage Control Plans and In‐
forma on to the Master" / MSC.1 / Circ. 1229 "Guidelines for the Approval of Stability Instruments",
paragraph 4.
On following page a brief outline specifica on from the Octopus based on design drawings, calcula‐
ons, innova ons and Sustainability measures as demonstrated and discussed with coaches at final
semester day, 3 July 2013.
16. NHL