genetica

1. UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA ESTATAL DE QUEVEDO
ESCUELA DE AGRONOMIA
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS
CARRERA INGENIERIA AGRONOMICA
INGLES
PROYECTO INTEGRADOR
GRUPO N#6
TEMA: Genetics and inheritance declined me in the melon crop improvement
INTEGRANTES:
 Damian guera
 Tony Basurto
 Jhonatan Loor
 Damian Tasinchano
 Ricardo Pallo
DOCENTE: Roberto Caranza
CURSO:
IV MODULO “A”
FECHA DE ENTREGA:
15/12/2015
AÑO LECTIVO
2015-2016

2. Genetics and inheritance declined me in the melon crop improvement
For a breeder adequate knowledge of the production system ofthe plants that
works it is essential, as it largely defines the genetic mating design and should
be used as the selection system to be used. In the specific case of Cucumis
species melo L despite being a alógama plant from the point ofview of genetic
improvement is handled as a self-pollinating plant, preventing the free
breeding of this species through the seal of the flowers, since Thus further
progress occurs in breeding programs. The main methods to create new
cultivars in autogamous species are: introduction, selectionand hybridization.
Selection methods applied are mass selection and the selection of pure lines.
Mass selection is used when a group of similar plants in appearance, are
selected and harvested and subsequently mixing seeds are sown in another
generation. A pure line is but only offspring progeny by selfing of an individual
plant homozygous, representatives of a pure line are all identical in their
characteristics.The selectionofpure lines practiced insegregating populations
afterartificial hybridization oftwovarieties. The hybridization method consists
of crossing two varieties or inbred lines and select segregating progeny
containing the combination of the best features of the parents.
Current trend of melon breeding
Today, despite the high price of hybrid seed, the general trend in improving
the melon is obtaining great hybrid vigor, because of heterosis observed for
most of the characters of agronomic interest (Ditix, 1983 ).
Hybridization techniques are widely exploited and allow you to enter different
genes governing interesting characters in plants. Today there is no conclusive
theory about the non-additive gene interactions exploited in commercial
hybridization, which lead to sobremanifestaciónhybrids compared to parents
in terms of growth, vitality, fertility, adaptability to the environment occurand
other characters and qualities, which have been designated by the name of
heterosis (Rodriguez et al., 1987). Marquez (1988) suggests that hybridization
in plants is genotechnique method takes advantage from the F1 generation
cross between two parental populations P1 andP2, which may be inbred lines,
open pollinated varieties or synthetic varieties.
Gomez (1985) states that tobegin a plan forobtaining hybrid is required above
all to have knowledge about the biology of the species with which they work
and how genetic inheritance of those characters with whom you want to give
new genotypes. Achieving these hybrids to marketing implies the following
steps (Fig.1).

3. The importance of the collection of plant material lies in the need for the
builder to have enough genetic variability; for it is necessary to have a
collection with wide variability in their genotypes, including indigenous
varieties and improved varieties. Postormente proceeds to the
characterization of the different genotypes, considering the characteristics of
agronomic interest. Once they characterized proceed to the choice of the
parents to make the crossings; once we proceed to seed comparing hybrids
obtained with commercial hybrids; after completion of the comparison those
who show little interest eliminated.
Genetic basis of disease resistance
Although since ancient times was the knowledge that the varieties differed in
their attitude to withstand the disease, it was not used until the nineteenth
century, when the first programs to produce varieties (Allard, 1970) were
designed. LozanoandSchawrts (1981) andDe Pontii Buddenhagen (1983) note
that in recent years the development ofresistant strains have been recognized
in the Caribbean as the most common and economical means of disease
control.
Improved resistance to pests and diseases is a special aspect of breeding and
plays an important role in the production from the economic point of view,
especially in tropical countries where these concepts losses are substantial (De
Armas, 1985) .Van the Plank (1968) it notes that resistance may be monogenic
(resistance governed by a single gene) and polygenic (governed by more
resistance genes); further states that the terms "major genes" and "minor
genes" are used instead of oligogenic and polygenic.
Methods of breeding for disease resistance.
Application of molecular biology work breeding for resistance is a lot of
dedication andhard work, there are various methods used forimplementation
once there is knowledge of the presence on the ground of resistance genes.
Allard (1970) cited by De Armas (1985) notes that when resistance genes
found in commercial varieties, the easiest and best means for resistant
varieties is selection within those varieties. When it is not convenient
resistance in commercial varieties, but in types that are not used for their
agronomic traits inadequate methods are generally used forimprovement or
genealogical retro crossing improvement. If the progenitor is a type resistant
unsuitable logically choose the retro crossover as improvement method
Breeding Process
In the specific case of Cucumis species melo L despite being a alógama plant
from the point of view of genetic improvement is handled as a self-pollinating
plant, preventing the free breeding of this species through the seal of the
flowers, since Thus further progress occurs in breeding programs.

4. The main methods to create new cultivars in autogamous species are:
introduction, selection and hybridization.
Selection methods applied are mass selection and the selection of pure lines.
Mass selection is used when a group of similar plants in appearance, are
selected and harvested and subsequently mixing seeds are sown in another
generation.
A pure line is but only offspring progeny by selfing of an individual plant
homozygous, representatives of a pure line are all identical in their
characteristics.The selectionofpure lines practiced insegregating populations
after artificial hybridization of two varieties.
The hybridization method consists ofcrossing two varieties orinbred lines and
select segregating progeny containing the combination of the best features of
the parents.
Hybridization techniques are widely exploited and allow you to enter different
genes governing interesting characters in plants.
The importance of the collection of plant material lies in the need for the
builder to have enough genetic variability; it is necessary to have a collection
with wide variability in their genotypes, including indigenous varieties and
improved varieties. Then it proceeds to the characterization of the different
genotypes, considering the characteristics of agronomic interest.
Once they characterized proceed to the choice of the parents to make the
crossings; once we proceed to seed comparing hybrids obtained with
commercial hybrids; aftercompletionof the comparisonthose who show little
interest eliminated.
In the next two years, compared with selected hybrids trade in one or two
areas andaccordingto the statisticalanalysis was selectedthe most promising.
In case you have entered some resistance relevant evidence to prove were
made.
Bibliografía:
www.ual.es/Congresos/MejoraVegetal/.../EJEMPLOFormato.docvcg
Genetics and inheritance declined me in the melon crop improvement
docplayer.es/1147453-Ensayos-1-introduccion-situacion-actual-del-mejoramiento del melón
www.interciencia.org/v38_03/186.pdf