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TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR EN
ESTADO NO ESTACIONARIO II
Conductividad tรฉrmica de los alimentos
Habilidad de conducir el calor, en alimentos depende de la composiciรณn, forma y
tamaรฑo del mismo
2
Q= Cantidad de flujo de calor, w
A= รrea de transferencia de calor del alimento. M2
K= Conductividad tรฉrmica, w/m.ยฐC
T1= Temperatura 1
T2= Temperatura2
L= espesor del alimento
q=
๐‘จโˆ—๐‘ฒ (๐‘ป๐Ÿ โˆ’๐‘ป๐Ÿ)
๐‘ณ
Calor especifico de los alimentos
Calor requerido para elevar 1ยฐC a un gramo de un alimentos : cal/g.ยฐC
3
Cp= Calor especifico, cal/g.ยฐC
m= masa del alimento. g
T1= Temperatura 1
T2= Temperatura2
Cp=
๐‘ธ
๐’Žโˆ—(๐‘ป๐Ÿ โˆ’๐‘ป๐Ÿ)
Difusividad tรฉrmica de los alimentos
Relaciona la conducciรณn de calor y su almacenamiento, permite calcular la
velocidad de y transferencia de calor de los alimentos
4
Cp= Calor especifico, Kj/Kg.ยฐC
ฮฑ= Difusividad tรฉrmica, m2/s
ฯ= Densidad, Kg/m3
K= Conductividad tรฉrmica, w/m.ยฐC
ฮฑ=
๐‘ฒ
ฯโˆ—๐‘ช๐’‘
5
6
7
Cp Hortalizas
8
Calor de
respiraciรณn
(BTU/Ton.24h)
9
Determinar el calor que se extrae de 1 ton de palta. Si ingresa al congelador(4ยฐC)
con una temperatura interior de 25ยฐC. Composiciรณn de la palta:
10
Temperatura interior = 25ยฐC
Temperatura exterior = 4 ยฐC
Calor especรญfico de la palta
Hass= 0.8668Kcal / Kg.ยฐC
Fuerte= 0.9287Kcal / Kg.ยฐC
Calor del producto = (m)(Cp)(ฮ”T) = 1000(0.8668)(25-4) = 18202.8Kcal (Hass)
Calor del producto = (m)(Cp)(ฮ”T) = 1000(0.9287)(25-4) = 19502.7Kcal (Fuerte)
Determinar el calor que se extrae de 10 ton de naranja. Si ingresa al
congelador(4ยฐC) con una temperatura interior de 25ยฐC.
11
Temperatura interior = 25ยฐC
Temperatura exterior = 4 ยฐC
Calor especรญfico de la naranja
Transpiraciรณn de los alimentos
El efecto de la transpiraciรณn es consecuencia de un Dรฉficit de presiรณn de vapor (DPV) , originada por
una diferencia entre la presiรณn del producto y la del aire que los rodea , la cual puede determinarse
por la siguiente relaciรณn :
12
DPV= Diferencial de presiรณn de vapor
HR= Humedad relativa
Pv= Presiรณn de vapor de agua a la temperatura bajo estudio (mm Hg)
D๐๐• =
(๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ โˆ’๐‘ฏ๐‘น)
๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ
* Pv
1000 kg de durazno permanecieron 12 horas en el campo a una temperatura de
32ยบCy 60% de humedad relativa , siendo la temperatura del fruto de 32.2 ยบC. En
estas condiciones los frutos perdieron 5% de su peso inicial por efecto de la
transpiraciรณn. El fruto fue enfriado a una temperatura de 0ยบC y 90 % de
humedad relativa. ยฟCuanto peso perderรก el fruto almacenado durante 12 horas
en las condiciones finales de almacenamiento?
Pv a 32ยบC = 36 mm Hg; Pv a 0ยบC = 4.6 mm Hg
13
Se cosechan a primera hora (5 a.m.) 1500 kg de manzanas pero se
recogieron al finalizar el dรญa (6 p.m.) la Tยฐ promedio fue 28ยฐC 70% de
humedad relativa , siendo la temperatura del fruto de 28.1 ยบC. En estas
condiciones los frutos perdieron 6% de su peso inicial por efecto de la
transpiraciรณn. El fruto fue enfriado a una temperatura de 2ยบC y 80 % de
humedad relativa. ยฟCuanto peso perderรก el fruto almacenado durante
12 horas en las condiciones finales de almacenamiento?
Pv a 28ยบC = 30 mm Hg; Pv a 2ยบC = 6.1 mm Hg
14
15

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Iaii 10 transferencia de calor en estado no estacionario ii - copia

  • 1. TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR EN ESTADO NO ESTACIONARIO II
  • 2. Conductividad tรฉrmica de los alimentos Habilidad de conducir el calor, en alimentos depende de la composiciรณn, forma y tamaรฑo del mismo 2 Q= Cantidad de flujo de calor, w A= รrea de transferencia de calor del alimento. M2 K= Conductividad tรฉrmica, w/m.ยฐC T1= Temperatura 1 T2= Temperatura2 L= espesor del alimento q= ๐‘จโˆ—๐‘ฒ (๐‘ป๐Ÿ โˆ’๐‘ป๐Ÿ) ๐‘ณ
  • 3. Calor especifico de los alimentos Calor requerido para elevar 1ยฐC a un gramo de un alimentos : cal/g.ยฐC 3 Cp= Calor especifico, cal/g.ยฐC m= masa del alimento. g T1= Temperatura 1 T2= Temperatura2 Cp= ๐‘ธ ๐’Žโˆ—(๐‘ป๐Ÿ โˆ’๐‘ป๐Ÿ)
  • 4. Difusividad tรฉrmica de los alimentos Relaciona la conducciรณn de calor y su almacenamiento, permite calcular la velocidad de y transferencia de calor de los alimentos 4 Cp= Calor especifico, Kj/Kg.ยฐC ฮฑ= Difusividad tรฉrmica, m2/s ฯ= Densidad, Kg/m3 K= Conductividad tรฉrmica, w/m.ยฐC ฮฑ= ๐‘ฒ ฯโˆ—๐‘ช๐’‘
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  • 10. Determinar el calor que se extrae de 1 ton de palta. Si ingresa al congelador(4ยฐC) con una temperatura interior de 25ยฐC. Composiciรณn de la palta: 10 Temperatura interior = 25ยฐC Temperatura exterior = 4 ยฐC Calor especรญfico de la palta Hass= 0.8668Kcal / Kg.ยฐC Fuerte= 0.9287Kcal / Kg.ยฐC Calor del producto = (m)(Cp)(ฮ”T) = 1000(0.8668)(25-4) = 18202.8Kcal (Hass) Calor del producto = (m)(Cp)(ฮ”T) = 1000(0.9287)(25-4) = 19502.7Kcal (Fuerte)
  • 11. Determinar el calor que se extrae de 10 ton de naranja. Si ingresa al congelador(4ยฐC) con una temperatura interior de 25ยฐC. 11 Temperatura interior = 25ยฐC Temperatura exterior = 4 ยฐC Calor especรญfico de la naranja
  • 12. Transpiraciรณn de los alimentos El efecto de la transpiraciรณn es consecuencia de un Dรฉficit de presiรณn de vapor (DPV) , originada por una diferencia entre la presiรณn del producto y la del aire que los rodea , la cual puede determinarse por la siguiente relaciรณn : 12 DPV= Diferencial de presiรณn de vapor HR= Humedad relativa Pv= Presiรณn de vapor de agua a la temperatura bajo estudio (mm Hg) D๐๐• = (๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ โˆ’๐‘ฏ๐‘น) ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ * Pv
  • 13. 1000 kg de durazno permanecieron 12 horas en el campo a una temperatura de 32ยบCy 60% de humedad relativa , siendo la temperatura del fruto de 32.2 ยบC. En estas condiciones los frutos perdieron 5% de su peso inicial por efecto de la transpiraciรณn. El fruto fue enfriado a una temperatura de 0ยบC y 90 % de humedad relativa. ยฟCuanto peso perderรก el fruto almacenado durante 12 horas en las condiciones finales de almacenamiento? Pv a 32ยบC = 36 mm Hg; Pv a 0ยบC = 4.6 mm Hg 13
  • 14. Se cosechan a primera hora (5 a.m.) 1500 kg de manzanas pero se recogieron al finalizar el dรญa (6 p.m.) la Tยฐ promedio fue 28ยฐC 70% de humedad relativa , siendo la temperatura del fruto de 28.1 ยบC. En estas condiciones los frutos perdieron 6% de su peso inicial por efecto de la transpiraciรณn. El fruto fue enfriado a una temperatura de 2ยบC y 80 % de humedad relativa. ยฟCuanto peso perderรก el fruto almacenado durante 12 horas en las condiciones finales de almacenamiento? Pv a 28ยบC = 30 mm Hg; Pv a 2ยบC = 6.1 mm Hg 14
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