2. DIRECT SPEECH
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When
we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken
between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these
words. We may be reporting something that's being said
NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling
someone later about a previous conversation.
Ejemplos :
“I am going to London next week”, she said.
“Do you have a pen I could borrow”, he asked.
Alice said, “I love to dance”
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow
night”
3. INDIRECT SPEECH
Reported or indirect speech is usually
used to talk about the past, so we
normally change the tense of the words
spoken. We use reporting verbs like
'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the
word 'that' to introduce the reported
words. Inverted commas are not used.
4. RULES
- Present Simple tense into Past Simple Tense
- Present Progressive Tense into Past Progressive Tnese
- Present Perfect Tense into Past Perfect Tense
- Present Perfect Progressive Tense into Past Perfect Tense
- Past Simple Tense into Past Perfect Tense
- Past Progressive Tense into Perfect Continuous Tense
- Past Perfect Tense (The tense remains unchanged)
- Past Perfect Progressive Tense (The tense remains unchaged)
- Futre Simple Tense (e.g. Will) into «Would»
- Future Progressive Tense (e.g. Will be) into «Would be»
- Future perfect Tense (e.g. will have) into «would have»
- Future Perfect Progressive Tense (e.g. will have been) into «would have been
5. Other rules: generally, the indirect style uses a "step back"
in time. That is, we change the verb tense to the past.
So:
- Simple present changes to simple past.
- Can change to could.
- Will changes to would.
- Present perfect changes to perfect past. Simple past
changes to perfect past.
6. "I'll plant some trees along our street to help the
environment", said my father.
"People who use their cars all the time contribute to
the smog in our cities and towns", said one of the
students.
"Could you explain the effects of the global
warning?", asked me the teacher.
"The old factory causes pollution and breathing
problems", said one of the neighbours.
"You don't have to throw your rubbish on the street
but in the correct places", said the teacher.
EXAMPLES
