This document summarizes a study on racial discrimination among Mexicans living in the U.S. based on interviews with 35 Mexican and Mexican-American participants. It finds that those who are undocumented, have limited English skills, medium skin tones, or are single are more likely to experience discrimination. Discrimination most often occurs in schools, workplaces, government institutions, and stores/restaurants. The study suggests discrimination stems from ignorance and unequal treatment based on language, legal status, or group association. It recommends further research with a larger, more representative sample including minors to better understand discrimination faced by Latinos.
1. B Y : J O S H Q U I N T A N I L L A
Racial Discrimination Among
Mexicans Living in the U.S.:
Their Perceptions and Experiences
2. Overview
The U.S. population will soar to 438 million by 2050
and the Hispanic population will triple (Pew Research Center).
Hispanics will make up 29% of the U.S. population in
2050 (Pew Research Center).
U.S. Census Bureau Report issued in June 2004
estimates that 6.5 percent of the U.S. population is
defined as Mexican.
It is important to investigate how Mexicans
understand their treatment in society.
3. Overview
This presentation will hypothesize the factors that
lead to discrimination
Nationality
Language Ability
Education
Legal Status
Skin Tone
Martial Status
Participants reported their experiences regarding
discrimination
Participants were given consent forms in order to
conduct an ethical interview.
4. Methods
Participants & Procedures
Areas of Canton, Woodstock & Alpharetta
Mexicans and Mexican Americans
Snowball sampling
35 Face-to-Face Interviews
About 8-10 min. per interview
Telephone Interviews
Interviews were conducted in Spanish & English
5. Gender Years Living in the U.S.
56% 44%
Male Female
3%
9%
31%
34%
9% 11%
3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
General Demographics
8. Nationality
Nationality & Less Respect
Once in while
61%
39%
Native-born Foreign-born
Native-born
Foreign-born
41%
50%
Findings: Nationality
Chi-Square value .467 Not significant
Gamma of -.08 Weak association
9. Nationality and Poorer
Service in Restaurants and
Stores, once in a while
Significance & Association
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
59%
36%
Chi-Square Value .457
Not statistically significant
Gamma .10
Moderate association
Findings: Nationality & Poor Service
10. Language skills
Language Skills and
Employment/Promotion
Denial
60%
40%
Spanish Bilingual
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Only
Spanish
Bilingual
77%
40%
Findings: Language Skills
Chi-Square value .037 Significant
Lambda of .21 Moderate association
11. Education Level
Education and Discrimination/Unfair
Treatment by Individuals of Their
Own Race
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30% 27%
23%
26%
17%
3% 2%
32%
42%
26%
High school graduates
Some college
College graduates
Chi-Square value .567 Not significant
Gamma of .12 Weak association
Findings: Level of Education
13. Findings:
Legal Status &
Racial
Slurs/Epithets
Undocumented
Mexicans are more
likely than Mexican
citizens and
residents to have
experienced racial
insults and offensive
names against them
in the past 5 to 10
years
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
77%
29%
38%
Undocumented Resident Citizen
Chi-Square value .046 Statistically significant
Lambda of .20 Moderate association
14. Findings: Legal Status & Discrimination/Unfair
treatment by individuals of their own race
Undocumented
83%
Residents
17%
Undocumented Mexicans are more
likely than Residents to experiences
racial discrimination and unfair
treatment by individuals of their own
race
Chi-square value .019 Significant
Lambda of .23 Moderate association
17. Skin tone and
Physical
Fights
Mexicans with
medium skin tones
are more likely
than those who are
light skinned to
have been in a
physical fight in
the past 5 to 10
years
36%
61%
Light
Medium
Chi-square value of .037 Statistically significant
With a lambda of .31 Evidence of a strong association
18. Martial Status
Martial Status and
Physical Fights
32%
59%
3%
3%3%
Single Married
Separated Divorced
N/A
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
81%
28%
Single Married
Findings: Martial Status
Chi-Square value .020 Statistically significant
Lambda of 3.9 Evidence of strong association
19. Discussion
As we can see, racial discrimination against
Mexicans and Americans with Mexican descent
(Chicanos) living in the U.S. still exists today.
We have found that those individuals who are
undocumented, single, medium skin toned, and
those who do not have the ability to speak English
are more inclined to be the victims of racial
discrimination and unfair treatment in society.
20. Discussion: Why Does Discrimination Still Occur?
Discrimination most often takes the form of ignorance.
For those who have limited social worlds, one bad
experience with a member of a particular group is easily
generalized into a negative perception of everyone
belonging to that group.
Undocumented Immigrants tend to be discriminated
against because they do not have equal rights as citizens
do.
People are sometimes subjected to different treatments
because their primary/official language is associated with
a particular group, class or category.
21. Discussion: Further Investigations
Since the study only consisted of 35 participants,
further research needs to be conducted to
accomplish a more representative sample.
Because of ethical reasons, minors were not included
in this study. However, it is important that there be a
specific study devoted to minors in the future.
Finally, in order to fully understand racial
discrimination among Latinos, additional groups of
minorities need to be included for future studies.