Lecture on big data in research for the SOWIESO dag 2022

1. Big data in research:
possibilities and pitfalls
Joppe Nijman
Pediatric Intensivist / Clinician Researcher
University Medical Center Utrecht
SOWIESO dag 2022
Slideshare.net/joppenijman

2. “ Big data is data that contains
greater variety, arriving in
increasing volumes and with
more velocity, making it difficult
or impossible to process using
traditional methods.
2

3. 3
Photo archive Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands

4. 14 patients
Admitted daily
266,112,000 meas
Every single day
~220 parameters
Measured every second
4

5. 5
Beam et al. JAMA 2018.

6. 6
Netflix
Google Search
Iphone Facial Recognition

7. 7
AlphaGo – Documentary 2017.

8. 8
https://bit.ly/2v2aokk 2017.

9. “ Artificial intelligence will not
replace doctors.
But doctors who use a rtificial
intelligence will replace those
who don’t.
9
Berci Meskó - https://medicalfuturist.com/

10. How (not) to make your AI model
10
1 3 5
6
4
2
Healthcare data
Chosing the right
statistical method
Model evaluation &
prediction
Data preparation Modelling Implementation,
legal & ethical
issues

11. Type of data
⬡ (Semi)-structured vs unstructured
⬡ Text, numbers, images, etc.
Data availability?
 FAIR data
(Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability)
Healthcare data
11
Johnson et al. JACC 2018

12. Research for new breast
cancer biomarkers
⬡ Structured data
⬡ Mainly numbers (imaging)
⬡ Machine learning?
∙ Amount of data
∙ Complex interactions
Example
12
Rodrigues-Ferreira et al. Cancer Lett 2022.

13. Garbage in = garbage out
⬡ Measurement error
⬡ Missing data
⬡ Normalization
⬡ Unclassified data
⬡ Confounding (e.g. treatment effects)?
Data preparation
13
Johnson et al. JACC 2018
https://xkcd.com/1838/

14. Measurement error, missing data and treatment effects
14
Zoodsma et al. Unpublished data 2022.

15. 15
Sepanski et al. Front Pediatr 2018.
Normalization (heterogeneity?)

16. Automated sepsis prediction
algorithm in EHR EPIC
Unclassified data
16
https://www.statnews.com/2021/09/27/epic-sepsis-algorithm-
antibiotics-model/
Huat Goh et al. Nature Comm 2021

17. Technique selection
⬡ Conventional
∙ E.g. Regression
⬡ Advanced data science / machine
learning / artificial intelligence
17
Johnson et al. JACC 2018

18. 18
Lorberfeld. Towards Data Science (towardsdatascience.com) 2019.

19. 19
Beam et al. JAMA 2018.

20. Modelling & performance
20
Johnson et al. JACC 2018

21. Feature selection
21
Mourad et al. Scientific Reports 2020

22. Performance
22
Swalin. KDNuggets 2018
Auyeung. CK-12 foundation.

23. Your model is finished!
23
Johnson et al. JACC 2018

24. Your model is finished!
24
Wynants et al. BMJ 2020
Sperrin et al. BMJ 2020

25. 25
Van Royen et al. Eur Resp J 2022.

26. Interested?
⬡ https://leidraad-ai.nl
⬡ https://www.equator-
network.org/
⬡ https://www.go-fair.org/
⬡ https://datacamp.com
⬡ https://towardsdatascience.com/
26

27. 27
Thanks!
Slideshare.net/joppenijman
Any questions?
j.nijman@umcutrecht.nl
https://picudatalab.com
@joppe_nijman
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