SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 34
Download to read offline
PoRtFoLio
SELECTED DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT WORK
	 1. HAEUNDAE LCT TOWERS, PUSAN, S.KOREA 2009~2010
	 2. EMQUARTIER SHOPPING CENTRE, BANGKOK, THAILAND 2011
	 3. PARC1 MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT, SEOUL, S.KOREA 2006~2007
	 4. CIA MATERNITY HOTEL, SEOUL, S.KOREA 2014~2015
	 5. THE OPUS OFFICE TOWER, DUBAI, U.A.E. 2008
	 6. THE PAD RESIDENTIAL TOWER, DUBAI, U.A.E. 2008
PROJECT LIST
PoRtFoLio
2009~2010
LCT TOWERS, PUSAN, S.KOREA
© LCT PFV, SOM/KPF 2009~2010
CLIENT
LCT PFV / CHUNGAN CONSTRUCTION
TYPE
125 / 88 / 88 STOREY RESIDENTIAL TOWERS, 6 STAR HOTEL, RETAIL AND WATER PARK RESORT
AREA / COST
65,6223 SQM / 3 BILLION USD
PoRtFoLio
2009~2010
LCT TOWERS, PUSAN, S.KOREA
© LCT PFV, SOM/KPF 2009~2010
CLIENT
LCT PFV / CHUNGAN CONSTRUCTION
TYPE
125 / 88 / 88 STOREY RESIDENTIAL TOWERS, 6 STAR HOTEL, RETAIL AND WATER PARK RESORT
AREA / COST
65,6223 SQM / 3 BILLION USD
© THE MALL GROUP, LESSER ARCHITECT, DBALT, D103 INTERNATIONAL 2011
PoRtFoLio
2011
EM-QUARTIER SHOPPING CENTRE, BANGKOK, THAILAND
CLIENT
THE MALL GROUP
TYPE
MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT WITH SHOPPING CENTRE, THEATRE, INDOOR LANDSCAPE GARDEN, OFFICE
AREA
232,257 SQM
© THE MALL GROUP, LESSER ARCHITECT, DBALT, D103 INTERNATIONAL 2011
PoRtFoLio
2011
EM-QUARTIER SHOPPING CENTRE, BANGKOK, THAILAND
CLIENT
THE MALL GROUP
TYPE
MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT WITH SHOPPING CENTRE, THEATRE, INDOOR LANDSCAPE GARDEN, OFFICE
AREA
232,257 SQM
© ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR + PARTNERS 2007
PoRtFoLio
2006~2007
PARC1 MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT, YEOUIDO, SEOUL, KOREA
CLIENT
SKYLAN DEVELOPMENT
TYPE
SHOPPING CENTRE, A GRADE OFFICE TOWER, 5 STAR HOTEL
AREA / COST
223,339 SQM / 2 BILLION USD
© ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR + PARTNERS 2007
PoRtFoLio
2006~2007
PARC1 MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT, YEOUIDO, SEOUL, KOREA
CLIENT
SKYLAN DEVELOPMENT
TYPE
SHOPPING CENTRE, A GRADE OFFICE TOWER, 5 STAR HOTEL
AREA / COST
223,339 SQM / 2 BILLION USD
© ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR + PARTNERS 2007
PoRtFoLio
2006~2007
PARC1 MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT, YEOUIDO, SEOUL, KOREA
CLIENT
SKYLAN DEVELOPMENT
TYPE
SHOPPING CENTRE, A GRADE OFFICE TOWER, 5 STAR HOTEL
AREA / COST
223,339 SQM / 2 BILLION USD
© CHA MEDICAL GROUP, KMD, YO2
PoRtFoLio
2014~2015
CAI MATERNITY HOTEL, SEOUL, KOREA
CLIENT
CHA MEDICAL GROUP
TYPE
MATERNITY HOSPITAL & HOTEL, LIFE MANAGEMENT SERVICE AND AMENITY RETAIL
AREA
17,000 PY
PoRtFoLio
2008
THE OPUS, BUSINESS BAY, DUBAI, U.A.E.
© OFFICE OF ZAHA HADID 2007
CLIENT
OMNIYAT PROPERTIES
TYPE
G+19 AA OFFICE BUILDING AND AMENITY RETAIL
AREA
1,900,000 SQ.FT. 87% SPACE EFFICIENCY
PoRtFoLio
2008
THE OPUS, BUSINESS BAY, DUBAI, U.A.E.
© OFFICE OF ZAHA HADID 2007
CLIENT
OMNIYAT PROPERTIES
TYPE
G+19 AA OFFICE BUILDING AND AMENITY RETAIL
AREA
1,900,000 SQ.FT. 87% SPACE EFFICIENCY
PoRtFoLio
2008
THE PAD, BUSINESS BAY, DUBAI, U.A.E.
© JAMES LAW CYBERTECTURE 2007
CLIENT
OMNIYAT PROPERTIES
TYPE
G+24 RESIDENTIAL TOWER AND AMENITY RETAIL
AREA
380,000 SQ.FT.
231 HIGH-TECH UNITS OF 1 & 2 BEDROOMS
SELECTED ARCHITECTURAL WORK
	1. HEARST HEADQUARTER, NYC, NY, U.S.A. 2000~2002 (©FOSTER & PARTNERS)
	2. GIJON MASTERPLAN, GIJON, SPAIN 2005 (©UN STUDIO)
	3. CHESA FUTURA, ST.MORITZ, SWITZERLAND 2000~2002 (©FOSTER & PARTNERS)
	4. U2 TOWER COMPETITION, DUBLIN, UK 2003
	 5. BOKJUN BUILDING, PAJU, S.KOREA 2004~2005
	 6. KOREA TELECOM CVIC CENTRE OFFICE, SEOUL, S.KOREA 2007
	 7. MANOLO BLAHNIK FLAGSHIP SHOP, GALLERIA WEST, SEOUL, S.KOREA 2006
	
PROJECT LIST
© FOSTER AND PARTNERS LTD. 2001
PoRtFoLio
2000~2002
HEARST HEADQUARTER, NYC, NY, U.S.A.
CLIENT
HEARST CORPORATION
TYPE
CORPORATE HEADQUARTER OFFICE
AREA / COST
79,500 SQM / 500 MIL. USD
© UN STUDIO 2005
PoRtFoLio
2005
GIJON MASTERPLAN, GIJON, SPAIN
CLIENT
THE CITY OF GIJON
TYPE
MASTER PLANNING COMPETITION
TRAIN/METRO/BUS INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC PARK, HOTEL, RESIDENTIAL AND RETAIL PLANNING
AREA
HOUSING 143,850 SQM / RETAIL 17,525 SQM / HOTEL ROOMS 8,500 SQM
TRANSFER HALL 47,800 SQM / PARKING SPACES 1,513 SQM
© FOSTER AND PARTNERS LTD. 2002
CLIENT
SISA IMMOBILIER AG
TYPE
RESIDENTIAL
AREA
4,650 SQM
PoRtFoLio
2000~2002
CHESA FUTURA, ST. MORITZ, SWITZERLAND
© JRK ASSOCIATES INC. + OFIS 2003
PoRtFoLio
2003
U2 TOWER COMPETITION, DUBLIN, UK
CLIENT
THE CITY OF DUBLIN
TYPE
URBAN PLANNING & LANDMARK OFFICE TOWER COMPETITION
© JRK ASSOCIATES INC. 2007
PoRtFoLio
2007
KOREA TELECOM CVIC CENTRE, SEOUL, KOREA
CLIENT
KOREA TELECOM
TYPE
CUSTOMER INNOVATION CENTRE OFFICE
AREA / COST
700 SQM / 400,000 USD
© JRK ASSOCIATES INC. 2006
PoRtFoLio
2006
MANOLO BLAHNIK FLAGSHIP SHOP, GALLERIA WEST, SEOUL, KOREA
CLIENT
MANOLO BLAHNIK ASIA DISTRIBUTOR
TYPE
RETAIL
COST
100,000 USD
© JRK ASSOCIATES INC. 2006
PoRtFoLio
2006
MANOLO BLAHNIK FLAGSHIP SHOP, GALLERIA WEST, SEOUL, KOREA
CLIENT
MANOLO BLAHNIK ASIA DISTRIBUTOR
TYPE
RETAIL
COST
100,000 USD
PRESS
“KT의 미래? 고객가치혁신센터를 보라”
[Korea design awards 2007] 기업가치혁신상
고객가치혁신센터는 열린 공간과 틀어진 가구로 가득하다.
열리고 틀어졌다는 것은 닫히고 바르다는 것과 반대 개념이다.
그동안 다양한 기업들이 사무 공간을 디자인해왔지만 대부분 사무
가구가 중심이 되는 공간 디자인이었다.
레스토랑이나 호텔 등 외관이 사업의 성패와 연결되는 장소가 아닌
사무만을 보는 공간에 많은 돈을 투자하기란 쉬운 일이 아니다.
직원들의 자유로운 사고를 위해 디자이너를 투입했다.
서울 강남 교보타워 15층에 위치한 KT 고객가치혁신센터(CVIC)를
방문하면서 어떤 곳일까 내심 기대가 컸다. CVIC는 창의적이고
혁신적인 아이디어와 사업을 개발, 미래 성장 동력을 확보하는 것을
목적으로 하고 있다. KT의 미래를 이끄는 씽크탱크라 봐도 무방하다.
이런 씽크탱크가 KT 본사가 있는 경기도 성남이나 연구소가 위치한
서울 우면동 사무실에 보금자리를 마련하지 않고 외부로 나온 것도
이례적이다.
그만큼 공간적으로나 일상적으로 KT와 한 발 떨어져서 고객의 눈으로
KT의 미래를 설계해보라는 경영진의 의지가 담긴 공간이다. 이 공간은
출입구부터 KT의 사무 광간과 달랐다. 혁신적인 건물이라야 혁신적인
아이디어가 쏟아지는 것은 아니지만 맹모삼천지교처럼 외부적인 환경을
변화시키면 사람은 변하게 되는 건 아닐까라는 생각을 해봤다.
KT는 통신 업계의 공룡으로 불린다. 시내외전화와 국제전화,
초고속인터넷사업, 기업 네트워크 사업, 인터넷 업체들의 전산 자원이
몰려 있는 IDC(인터넷데이터산업), 위성, 방송, 시스템통합(SI)부터
자회사를 통한 무선 통신사업까지 통신의 A~Z는 물론 부동산을 비롯해
새로운 영역으로 사업 모델을 변화시키고 있다.
Portfolio and Press
Portfolio and Press
Portfolio and Press

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Green Go
Green GoGreen Go
Green Goisbg
 
“War is not a solution” A bridge to peace under IPSI held at Fortis healthcar...
“War is not a solution” A bridge to peace under IPSI held at Fortis healthcar...“War is not a solution” A bridge to peace under IPSI held at Fortis healthcar...
“War is not a solution” A bridge to peace under IPSI held at Fortis healthcar...Major Gen TK Kaul
 
مقارنة لتعديل بعض مواد نظام العمل
مقارنة لتعديل بعض مواد نظام العملمقارنة لتعديل بعض مواد نظام العمل
مقارنة لتعديل بعض مواد نظام العملAbdulrahman Almasri
 
Abstract of paper battery
Abstract of paper batteryAbstract of paper battery
Abstract of paper batterychinmaykk
 
6월+모델포트폴리오
6월+모델포트폴리오6월+모델포트폴리오
6월+모델포트폴리오Joonhoan Kim
 
SXSW 2016 takeaways
SXSW 2016 takeawaysSXSW 2016 takeaways
SXSW 2016 takeawaysHavas
 
SXSW 2016: The Need To Knows
SXSW 2016: The Need To KnowsSXSW 2016: The Need To Knows
SXSW 2016: The Need To KnowsOgilvy Consulting
 
Top Rumors About Apple March 21 Big Event
Top Rumors About Apple March 21 Big EventTop Rumors About Apple March 21 Big Event
Top Rumors About Apple March 21 Big EventChromeInfo Technologies
 
The Physical Interface
The Physical InterfaceThe Physical Interface
The Physical InterfaceJosh Clark
 
Mobile Is Eating the World (2016)
Mobile Is Eating the World (2016)Mobile Is Eating the World (2016)
Mobile Is Eating the World (2016)a16z
 

Viewers also liked (12)

Green Go
Green GoGreen Go
Green Go
 
Page 3
Page 3Page 3
Page 3
 
“War is not a solution” A bridge to peace under IPSI held at Fortis healthcar...
“War is not a solution” A bridge to peace under IPSI held at Fortis healthcar...“War is not a solution” A bridge to peace under IPSI held at Fortis healthcar...
“War is not a solution” A bridge to peace under IPSI held at Fortis healthcar...
 
مقارنة لتعديل بعض مواد نظام العمل
مقارنة لتعديل بعض مواد نظام العملمقارنة لتعديل بعض مواد نظام العمل
مقارنة لتعديل بعض مواد نظام العمل
 
Abstract of paper battery
Abstract of paper batteryAbstract of paper battery
Abstract of paper battery
 
6월+모델포트폴리오
6월+모델포트폴리오6월+모델포트폴리오
6월+모델포트폴리오
 
Motivation theories
Motivation theoriesMotivation theories
Motivation theories
 
SXSW 2016 takeaways
SXSW 2016 takeawaysSXSW 2016 takeaways
SXSW 2016 takeaways
 
SXSW 2016: The Need To Knows
SXSW 2016: The Need To KnowsSXSW 2016: The Need To Knows
SXSW 2016: The Need To Knows
 
Top Rumors About Apple March 21 Big Event
Top Rumors About Apple March 21 Big EventTop Rumors About Apple March 21 Big Event
Top Rumors About Apple March 21 Big Event
 
The Physical Interface
The Physical InterfaceThe Physical Interface
The Physical Interface
 
Mobile Is Eating the World (2016)
Mobile Is Eating the World (2016)Mobile Is Eating the World (2016)
Mobile Is Eating the World (2016)
 

Portfolio and Press

  • 2. SELECTED DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT WORK 1. HAEUNDAE LCT TOWERS, PUSAN, S.KOREA 2009~2010 2. EMQUARTIER SHOPPING CENTRE, BANGKOK, THAILAND 2011 3. PARC1 MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT, SEOUL, S.KOREA 2006~2007 4. CIA MATERNITY HOTEL, SEOUL, S.KOREA 2014~2015 5. THE OPUS OFFICE TOWER, DUBAI, U.A.E. 2008 6. THE PAD RESIDENTIAL TOWER, DUBAI, U.A.E. 2008 PROJECT LIST
  • 3. PoRtFoLio 2009~2010 LCT TOWERS, PUSAN, S.KOREA © LCT PFV, SOM/KPF 2009~2010 CLIENT LCT PFV / CHUNGAN CONSTRUCTION TYPE 125 / 88 / 88 STOREY RESIDENTIAL TOWERS, 6 STAR HOTEL, RETAIL AND WATER PARK RESORT AREA / COST 65,6223 SQM / 3 BILLION USD
  • 4. PoRtFoLio 2009~2010 LCT TOWERS, PUSAN, S.KOREA © LCT PFV, SOM/KPF 2009~2010 CLIENT LCT PFV / CHUNGAN CONSTRUCTION TYPE 125 / 88 / 88 STOREY RESIDENTIAL TOWERS, 6 STAR HOTEL, RETAIL AND WATER PARK RESORT AREA / COST 65,6223 SQM / 3 BILLION USD
  • 5. © THE MALL GROUP, LESSER ARCHITECT, DBALT, D103 INTERNATIONAL 2011 PoRtFoLio 2011 EM-QUARTIER SHOPPING CENTRE, BANGKOK, THAILAND CLIENT THE MALL GROUP TYPE MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT WITH SHOPPING CENTRE, THEATRE, INDOOR LANDSCAPE GARDEN, OFFICE AREA 232,257 SQM
  • 6. © THE MALL GROUP, LESSER ARCHITECT, DBALT, D103 INTERNATIONAL 2011 PoRtFoLio 2011 EM-QUARTIER SHOPPING CENTRE, BANGKOK, THAILAND CLIENT THE MALL GROUP TYPE MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT WITH SHOPPING CENTRE, THEATRE, INDOOR LANDSCAPE GARDEN, OFFICE AREA 232,257 SQM
  • 7. © ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR + PARTNERS 2007 PoRtFoLio 2006~2007 PARC1 MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT, YEOUIDO, SEOUL, KOREA CLIENT SKYLAN DEVELOPMENT TYPE SHOPPING CENTRE, A GRADE OFFICE TOWER, 5 STAR HOTEL AREA / COST 223,339 SQM / 2 BILLION USD
  • 8. © ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR + PARTNERS 2007 PoRtFoLio 2006~2007 PARC1 MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT, YEOUIDO, SEOUL, KOREA CLIENT SKYLAN DEVELOPMENT TYPE SHOPPING CENTRE, A GRADE OFFICE TOWER, 5 STAR HOTEL AREA / COST 223,339 SQM / 2 BILLION USD
  • 9. © ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR + PARTNERS 2007 PoRtFoLio 2006~2007 PARC1 MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT, YEOUIDO, SEOUL, KOREA CLIENT SKYLAN DEVELOPMENT TYPE SHOPPING CENTRE, A GRADE OFFICE TOWER, 5 STAR HOTEL AREA / COST 223,339 SQM / 2 BILLION USD
  • 10. © CHA MEDICAL GROUP, KMD, YO2 PoRtFoLio 2014~2015 CAI MATERNITY HOTEL, SEOUL, KOREA CLIENT CHA MEDICAL GROUP TYPE MATERNITY HOSPITAL & HOTEL, LIFE MANAGEMENT SERVICE AND AMENITY RETAIL AREA 17,000 PY
  • 11. PoRtFoLio 2008 THE OPUS, BUSINESS BAY, DUBAI, U.A.E. © OFFICE OF ZAHA HADID 2007 CLIENT OMNIYAT PROPERTIES TYPE G+19 AA OFFICE BUILDING AND AMENITY RETAIL AREA 1,900,000 SQ.FT. 87% SPACE EFFICIENCY
  • 12. PoRtFoLio 2008 THE OPUS, BUSINESS BAY, DUBAI, U.A.E. © OFFICE OF ZAHA HADID 2007 CLIENT OMNIYAT PROPERTIES TYPE G+19 AA OFFICE BUILDING AND AMENITY RETAIL AREA 1,900,000 SQ.FT. 87% SPACE EFFICIENCY
  • 13. PoRtFoLio 2008 THE PAD, BUSINESS BAY, DUBAI, U.A.E. © JAMES LAW CYBERTECTURE 2007 CLIENT OMNIYAT PROPERTIES TYPE G+24 RESIDENTIAL TOWER AND AMENITY RETAIL AREA 380,000 SQ.FT. 231 HIGH-TECH UNITS OF 1 & 2 BEDROOMS
  • 14. SELECTED ARCHITECTURAL WORK 1. HEARST HEADQUARTER, NYC, NY, U.S.A. 2000~2002 (©FOSTER & PARTNERS) 2. GIJON MASTERPLAN, GIJON, SPAIN 2005 (©UN STUDIO) 3. CHESA FUTURA, ST.MORITZ, SWITZERLAND 2000~2002 (©FOSTER & PARTNERS) 4. U2 TOWER COMPETITION, DUBLIN, UK 2003 5. BOKJUN BUILDING, PAJU, S.KOREA 2004~2005 6. KOREA TELECOM CVIC CENTRE OFFICE, SEOUL, S.KOREA 2007 7. MANOLO BLAHNIK FLAGSHIP SHOP, GALLERIA WEST, SEOUL, S.KOREA 2006 PROJECT LIST
  • 15. © FOSTER AND PARTNERS LTD. 2001 PoRtFoLio 2000~2002 HEARST HEADQUARTER, NYC, NY, U.S.A. CLIENT HEARST CORPORATION TYPE CORPORATE HEADQUARTER OFFICE AREA / COST 79,500 SQM / 500 MIL. USD
  • 16. © UN STUDIO 2005 PoRtFoLio 2005 GIJON MASTERPLAN, GIJON, SPAIN CLIENT THE CITY OF GIJON TYPE MASTER PLANNING COMPETITION TRAIN/METRO/BUS INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC PARK, HOTEL, RESIDENTIAL AND RETAIL PLANNING AREA HOUSING 143,850 SQM / RETAIL 17,525 SQM / HOTEL ROOMS 8,500 SQM TRANSFER HALL 47,800 SQM / PARKING SPACES 1,513 SQM
  • 17. © FOSTER AND PARTNERS LTD. 2002 CLIENT SISA IMMOBILIER AG TYPE RESIDENTIAL AREA 4,650 SQM PoRtFoLio 2000~2002 CHESA FUTURA, ST. MORITZ, SWITZERLAND
  • 18. © JRK ASSOCIATES INC. + OFIS 2003 PoRtFoLio 2003 U2 TOWER COMPETITION, DUBLIN, UK CLIENT THE CITY OF DUBLIN TYPE URBAN PLANNING & LANDMARK OFFICE TOWER COMPETITION
  • 19. © JRK ASSOCIATES INC. 2007 PoRtFoLio 2007 KOREA TELECOM CVIC CENTRE, SEOUL, KOREA CLIENT KOREA TELECOM TYPE CUSTOMER INNOVATION CENTRE OFFICE AREA / COST 700 SQM / 400,000 USD
  • 20. © JRK ASSOCIATES INC. 2006 PoRtFoLio 2006 MANOLO BLAHNIK FLAGSHIP SHOP, GALLERIA WEST, SEOUL, KOREA CLIENT MANOLO BLAHNIK ASIA DISTRIBUTOR TYPE RETAIL COST 100,000 USD
  • 21. © JRK ASSOCIATES INC. 2006 PoRtFoLio 2006 MANOLO BLAHNIK FLAGSHIP SHOP, GALLERIA WEST, SEOUL, KOREA CLIENT MANOLO BLAHNIK ASIA DISTRIBUTOR TYPE RETAIL COST 100,000 USD
  • 22. PRESS
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. “KT의 미래? 고객가치혁신센터를 보라” [Korea design awards 2007] 기업가치혁신상 고객가치혁신센터는 열린 공간과 틀어진 가구로 가득하다. 열리고 틀어졌다는 것은 닫히고 바르다는 것과 반대 개념이다. 그동안 다양한 기업들이 사무 공간을 디자인해왔지만 대부분 사무 가구가 중심이 되는 공간 디자인이었다. 레스토랑이나 호텔 등 외관이 사업의 성패와 연결되는 장소가 아닌 사무만을 보는 공간에 많은 돈을 투자하기란 쉬운 일이 아니다. 직원들의 자유로운 사고를 위해 디자이너를 투입했다. 서울 강남 교보타워 15층에 위치한 KT 고객가치혁신센터(CVIC)를 방문하면서 어떤 곳일까 내심 기대가 컸다. CVIC는 창의적이고 혁신적인 아이디어와 사업을 개발, 미래 성장 동력을 확보하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. KT의 미래를 이끄는 씽크탱크라 봐도 무방하다. 이런 씽크탱크가 KT 본사가 있는 경기도 성남이나 연구소가 위치한 서울 우면동 사무실에 보금자리를 마련하지 않고 외부로 나온 것도 이례적이다. 그만큼 공간적으로나 일상적으로 KT와 한 발 떨어져서 고객의 눈으로 KT의 미래를 설계해보라는 경영진의 의지가 담긴 공간이다. 이 공간은 출입구부터 KT의 사무 광간과 달랐다. 혁신적인 건물이라야 혁신적인 아이디어가 쏟아지는 것은 아니지만 맹모삼천지교처럼 외부적인 환경을 변화시키면 사람은 변하게 되는 건 아닐까라는 생각을 해봤다. KT는 통신 업계의 공룡으로 불린다. 시내외전화와 국제전화, 초고속인터넷사업, 기업 네트워크 사업, 인터넷 업체들의 전산 자원이 몰려 있는 IDC(인터넷데이터산업), 위성, 방송, 시스템통합(SI)부터 자회사를 통한 무선 통신사업까지 통신의 A~Z는 물론 부동산을 비롯해 새로운 영역으로 사업 모델을 변화시키고 있다.