Sound is produced by the vibration of particles present in a given medium. Without this medium, sounds cannot move or even exist.

1. The Acoustic Medium:
What Sound Moves
Through
Manhattan Center

2. Sound is produced by the vibration of particles present in a given medium. Without this
medium, sounds cannot move or even exist.
Sound was initially perceived to be a physical and tangible object. Ancient philosophers
believed that its shape was altered by the mouth as a form of sound, speech, was
passed out into the world. Since then, scientists have arrived at the realization that
sound is not an object, but a disturbance that is passed through what is called an
acoustic medium.

3. Acoustic Medium
Sciencestruck.com explains how sound waves travel with a discussion on the
characteristics of sound and an acoustic medium. An acoustic medium refers to any
material that carries energy, regardless of whether it is gaseous, liquid, solid, or the
most unstable, plasma. A material will continue to support sound regardless of whether
it is arranged in unusual patterns, is mixed evenly or unevenly, or is pure.
The most important features of sound, like frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, are
not about the sound wave itself, but the medium through which it travels. For instance,
sound speed depends on the density and elasticity of the medium. Sound travels at a
faster pace through high density materials, like solids. Similarly, sound absorption is
determined by the type of medium itself. Insulation can limit the transmission of sound
by enclosing its source and forming a barrier to absorb vibrations between the source
itself and all other areas. This is why materials like fiberglass, which has high insulating
capacity, are used for soundproofing.

4. Vacuums
If sound is dependent on a medium in order to exist, what would be required to eliminate
it completely? The answer to this is the vacuum.
According to an article on Acoustics Today, sound cannot travel in the absence of matter.
This absence, so complete that not even a single atom remains, is referred to as a
vacuum. Outer space is commonly described as a near perfect vacuum as there are only a
few handfuls of particles per cubic meter here. This is why sound does not travel in outer
space: the few particles that are present are too far away from one another to be
disturbed when sound moves through them.

5. References:
 https://mc34.com
 https://acousticstoday.org/6-the-world-through-sound-acoustic-medium/
 https://sciencestruck.com/how-does-sound-travel