Discussion about culture.

1. Review of the
Previous Lesson

2. Functions
of Culture

3. Each culture has many subtle
cues which define each
situation. It reveals whether
one should prepare to fight,
run, or laugh.
1. CULTURE DEFINES
SITUATION.

4. 1. Culture defines situations.
• For example, suppose someone approaches you with right hand
outstretched at waist level. What does this mean?
• That he wishes to shake hands in friendly greeting is perfectly
obvious-obvious, that is to anyone familiar with our culture.
• But in another place or time the outstretched hand might mean
hostility or warning. One does not know what to do in a situation
until he has defined the situation.

5. 1. Culture defines situations.
Each society has its insults and fighting words. The cues (hints)
which define situations appear in infinite variety. A person who
moves from one society into another will spend many years
misreading the cues.
Example: Laughing at the wrong places

6. Each person learns from
his/her culture what is good,
true, and beautiful.
Attitudes, values, and goals
are defined by the culture.
2. Culture defines attitudes,
values and goals.

7. 2. Culture defines attitudes, values and goals.
• Attitudes are tendencies to feel and act in
certain ways.
• Values are measures of goodness or
desirability.
• Goals are those attainments which our
values define as worthy.

8. • Myths and legends are
important parts of every
culture.
• We cannot understand the
behavior of any group
without knowing something
of the myths, legends, and
supernatural beliefs they
hold.
3. Culture defines myth,
legends, and the supernatural.

9. • The individual need not to
go through painful trial and
error to know what food can
be eaten or how to live
among people without fear.
• People find a ready-made
set of patterns awaiting
them which they need only
to learn and follow.
4. Culture provides behavior
patterns.

10. 4. Culture provides behavior patterns.
The need for order calls forth another function of
culture-direct behavior-so that disorderly behavior
is restricted and orderly behavior is promoted.

11. Culture
as
Heritage

12. According to John Feather, cultural heritage is a human
creation intended to inform.
 architectures such as buildings, houses, and structures
 artifacts like books, documents, objects, images, clothing,
accessories, and jars
 “things” that made people who they are like oral stories,
values, laws, norms, rituals, and traditions

13. Cultural heritage is a representation of the ways of living
established by society or group and passed on from
generation to generation. Cultural heritage can be
categorized as either tangible or intangible.

14. Tangible Heritage
Tangible means perceptible, touchable, concrete, or
physical. A tangible heritage is a physical artifact or
objects significant to the archaeology, architecture,
science, or technology of a specific culture.

15. Tangible Culture
Objects that can be stored are included in this category:
 traditional clothing,
 utensils (such as bead work, water vessels),
 vehicles (such as the ox wagon),
 documents (codes, laws, land titles, literature), and
 public works and architecture built and constructed by a
cultural group (buildings, historical places, monuments,
temples, graves, roads, and bridges fall into this category
as well).

16. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United
Nations aimed at promoting world peace and security through
international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture

17. World Heritage site is the designation for places on Earth that are of
outstanding universal value to humanity and as such, have been
inscribed on the World Heritage List to be protected for future
generations to appreciate and enjoy. The United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) selects a landmark
or area for having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of
significance, which is legally protected by international treaties.
The sites are designated as having “outstanding universal value”
under the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural
and Natural Heritage.

18. Philippines’ World Cultural Heritages
• Baroque Churches of the Philippines
• Historical City of Vigan
• Rice Terraces of the Philippines

19. Baroque Churches of the Philippines
These four churches, the first of which was built by the Spanish in the late
16th century, are located in Manila, Santa Maria, Paoay and Miag-ao. Their
unique architectural style is a reinterpretation of European Baroque by
Chinese and Philippine craftsmen.

21. Historical City of Vigan
Established in the 16th century,
Vigan is the best-preserved example
of a planned Spanish colonial town
in Asia. Its architecture reflects the
coming together of cultural elements
from elsewhere in the Philippines,
from China and from Europe,
resulting in a culture and townscape
that have no parallel anywhere in
East and South-East Asia.

22. Rice Terraces of the Philippines
The Rice Terraces of the Philippine
Cordilleras is an outstanding example of
an evolved, living cultural landscape that
can be traced as far back as two
millennia ago in the pre-colonial
Philippines. They are all the product of
the Ifugao ethnic group, a minority
community that has occupied these
mountains for thousands of years.

23. Intangible Culture
Intangible is the opposite of tangible. Unlike tangible
heritage, an intangible heritage is not a physical or concrete
item. Intangible heritage is that which exists intellectually in
the culture.

24. Intangible heritage includes:
 songs,
 myths,
 beliefs,
 superstitions,
 oral poetry,
 stories, and
 various forms of traditional knowledge such as
ethnobotanical knowledge.

25. Threats of Tangible and
Intangible Cultures
There was a time in contemporary history
when museums were in constant search
and hurry to look for historical materials to
display. Due to the ascent of demand for
cultural materials, opportunists saw this as
an avenue for them to earn money. They
invented materials and claim that these
were excavated or unearthed and once
owned by a cultural group.

26. Threats to Tangible and Intangible Heritage
• Documents whose authenticity are yet to be determined include
Hitler diaries, crystal skulls of Mesoamerica (tangible), and the
status/story of Saint Nicholas' companion Black Peter
(intangible).
• Authenticity or truthfulness of origin, attributes, and intentions
of cultural heritage are one of the issues concerning sources of
our culture.
• Aside from authenticity issues, preservation or the act of making
a cultural heritage lasting and existing is also a primary concern.