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Views of My Father Weeping
Donald Barthelme
Donald Barthelme
1931 - 1989
•

미국의 보르헤스, 포스트모던 소설의 아버지

•

파편화된 현실을 있는 그대로 제시

•

작가와 독자의 경계 파괴

•

절대적 확신성의 부재, 자아와 주관성에 대한 새로운 태도

•

대표작 <돌아오라, 칼리가리 박사>, <백설공주>, <슬픔>
포스트모더니즘: 불확실성의 시대
•

모든 절대적인 것들을 부정하고 상대적인 다양성을 긍정
• 하나의 진리가 아닌 여러 진리들을 상정
• 리얼리티의 불확정적인 면 강조
• 어떠한 주장, 사상, 지식도 고정되지 않음

•

근대 이후의 계몽주의적/객관주의적 사고 거부: 이성의 신격화/
합리주의적 전제 거부
• 모든 체계적 지식체나 거대담론 비판

•

문화 귀족주의 비판/대중주의 강조
• 전통적 전제, 장르, 정형화된 틀 부정
• 제도화된 예술의 목적과 기반 부정

•

억압받는 사람들, 소수자, 주변인에게 관심

•

다양성, 차이, 해체를 중시

•

다양하고 이질적인 스타일의 일상 문화
•

이미지의 과잉 부과로 현실감각 및 준거 상실
모더니즘

•
•
•
•

18세기 계몽주의로부터 시작
이성중심주의 시대
인간의 이성에 대한 믿음 강조
합리적 사고 중시, 객관성 주장

포스트모더니즘

•

1960년대의 문화운동

•

정치/경제/사회 모든 영역과 관련되는 이념

•

개성/자율성/다양성/대중성 중시

•

탈이념, 광고와 패션에 의한 소비문화, 여성운동,
인권운동, 제 3세계운동 등의 현상 유발
Views of My Father Weeping
The New Yorker, Dec 6, 1969
•

미니멀리즘 형식
• 잠정적이며 불완전하고 미완성, 미결정적*
• 파편적이며 의미가 불확정적**

•

아버지의 죽음을 회상하는 것으로 시작하여 아버지의 죽음의 경위를
탐구하는 동시에 아버지가 우는 모습을 회상: 현재와 과거의 교차

•

포스트모더니즘 특유의 불확정성
• 아버지의 죽음에 대한 증인과 단서가 주어지나 확실한 것은 하나도
없다는 결론에 이르게 됨
• 아버지가 우는 다양한 모습은 회상이자 환상: 아버지의 존재 또는
아버지의 죽음 자체에 대한 의문
• 무너지는 리얼리티: 허구와 실재의 구분 불가

•

Etc
•

명확한 결말이 없음

!
!
*Richard F. Patteson
**Larry McCaffery
두 플롯의 교차

아버지의 죽음을 추적하며 단서를 확보해나감

아버지가 우시는 모습의 회상/환상
An aristocrat was
riding down the
street in his carriage.
He ran over my
father.

My father shot and
missed. He wept.

The witness was a
little girl.

!

!

!

!

But perhaps it is not
my father weeping
there, but another
father.
“The driver’s livery
w as b l u e a n d
green.”

M y father has
written on the white
wall with his
crayons.

“The coachman’s
name is Lars Bang.”
!

My father is playing
with the salt and
pepper shakers, and
with the sugar bowl.
Lars Bang himself
came to my room.

My father is looking
at himself in a
mirror.

“I will relate the
circumstances of the
accident…”

There is my father,
sitting in his bed,
weeping.
“It was a Friday.”
Lars Bang began.

M y father is
attending a class in
a good behavior.

“Bang is an absolute
bloody liar,” she
said.

!

Etc.
“Quotes”
1

2

An aristocrat was riding down the street in his carriage. He ran
over my father.

After the ceremony I walked back to the city. I was trying to think
of the reason my father had died. Then I remembered: he was run
over by a carriage.
!

이야기의 시작. 아버지의 사망을 기점으로 나레이터가 아버지를 치고 간 마차의 주인(귀
족)을 찾고자 함.
3

I telephoned my mother and told her of my father’s death. She said
she supposed it was the best thing. I too supposed it was the best
thing.
!

어머니에게 아버지의 죽음을 알리나 어머니는 “잘된 일”이라고 답하며 나레이터도 어머
니의 말에 동의함. 포스트모던시대의 해체된 인간관계의 단면을 보여줌.

4

Yet it is possible that it is not my after who sits there in the center of
the bed weeping. It may be someone else, the mailman, the man
who delivers the groceries, an insurance salesman or tax collector,
who knows. However, I must say, it resembles my father.
!

아버지의 모습을 회상하지만 이 모습이 나레이터의 아버지인지 다른 사람인지 확신할
수 없음. 아버지의 존재 또는 사망 여부에 대한 질문 자체를 던질 수 있음.
5&6

The witness was a little girl, eleven or twelve. … “Can you recall
what the man in the carriage looked like?” “Like an aristocrat,” she
said.
!

The first witness declares that the man in the carriage looked “like
an aristocrat.”
!

첫 목격자인 어린 소녀는 마차 안에 있던 사람은 “귀족 같다”고 증언함. 그러나 귀족 “같
다”는 것은 귀족이 아닐 수도 있기에 첫 단서는 불확실함.

8

But perhaps it is not my father weeping there, but another father:
Tom’s father, Phil’s father, Pat’s father, Pete’s father, Paul’s father.
Apply some sort of test, voiceprint reading or
!

아버지는 다른 이의 아버지일 수도 있음. 문장의 불완전한 끝맺음으로 구조와 문체의 틀
을 파괴함.
13&16

“There was one thing,” the clerk said, “don’t tell anyone I told you,
but I can give you one hint. The driver’s livery was blue and
green.”
!

But blue and green livery is not unusual.
!

점원이 제공한 단서(청색과 녹색 제복)는 흔한 것이기 때문에 단서가 될 수 없음.

19

…she said, “Lars Bang.” I looked at her in some surprise. “What sort
of name is that for an aristocrat?” “His coachman,” she said. “The
coachman’s name is Lars Bang.” Then she fled.
!

소녀가 마부의 이름을 알려줌. Lars Bang이라는 단서를 통해 아버지의 죽음에 대한 궁
금증 해결에 가까워지고 있음.
22

Why! …there’s my father! …sitting in the bed there! …and he’s
weeping! …as though his heart would burst! …Father! …how is
this? …who has wounded you? …
!

아버지의 우는 모습을 회상하며 아버지를 애도하는 모습이 파편적으로 드러남.

32

“It was a Friday,” Lars Bang began, as if he were telling a tarven
story.
!

Lars Bang이 그날 있었던 아버지의 죽음에 대해 얘기하기 시작하며 나레이터는 마침내
사건에 대한 전말을 듣게 됨.
34

Before I had time to frame a reply, the dark-haired girl spoke. “Bang
is an absolute bloody liar,” she said.
!

Lars Bang의 말을 듣고 있던 소녀가 “그는 거짓말쟁이”라고 말하여 이야기는 다시 원점
으로 돌아옴. 누가 아버지를 죽인 것인지, 어떻게 된 것인지 밝혀진 것은 없음.

35

Etc.
!

기타등등으로 마무리되는 이야기. 확실한 결말이 존재하지 않아 독자들이 스스로 생각
하고 받아들여야 함.
Further reading
!

일반적으로 문학에서 아버지를 다루는 방식과 관련하여:
작품 내 아버지의 죽음이 시사하는 바는 무엇인가?
!

결말을 어떻게 해석하고 받아들일 것인가?
!

바셀미의 단편과 비슷한 작품을 찾아본다면?
Credits
!

Sun in an Empty Room, Edward Hopper
Donald Barthelme, University of Houston Libraries
Thirteen Geometric Shapes, Sol Lewitt
Marilyn, Andy Warhol
Fountain, Duchamp
About Modernism, Vidom
Revenge of The Goldfish, Sand Skoglund
The New Yorker Dec 6, 1969
Carriage rides in Bruges, trabel.com
Unknown
Inception (screen cap), Christopher Nolan
Unknown
!
!

jay.jeong15@gmail.com

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Guide to Views of My Father Weeping by Donald Barthelme

  • 1. Views of My Father Weeping Donald Barthelme
  • 2. Donald Barthelme 1931 - 1989 • 미국의 보르헤스, 포스트모던 소설의 아버지 • 파편화된 현실을 있는 그대로 제시 • 작가와 독자의 경계 파괴 • 절대적 확신성의 부재, 자아와 주관성에 대한 새로운 태도 • 대표작 <돌아오라, 칼리가리 박사>, <백설공주>, <슬픔>
  • 3. 포스트모더니즘: 불확실성의 시대 • 모든 절대적인 것들을 부정하고 상대적인 다양성을 긍정 • 하나의 진리가 아닌 여러 진리들을 상정 • 리얼리티의 불확정적인 면 강조 • 어떠한 주장, 사상, 지식도 고정되지 않음 • 근대 이후의 계몽주의적/객관주의적 사고 거부: 이성의 신격화/ 합리주의적 전제 거부 • 모든 체계적 지식체나 거대담론 비판 • 문화 귀족주의 비판/대중주의 강조 • 전통적 전제, 장르, 정형화된 틀 부정 • 제도화된 예술의 목적과 기반 부정 • 억압받는 사람들, 소수자, 주변인에게 관심 • 다양성, 차이, 해체를 중시 • 다양하고 이질적인 스타일의 일상 문화 • 이미지의 과잉 부과로 현실감각 및 준거 상실
  • 4. 모더니즘 • • • • 18세기 계몽주의로부터 시작 이성중심주의 시대 인간의 이성에 대한 믿음 강조 합리적 사고 중시, 객관성 주장 포스트모더니즘 • 1960년대의 문화운동 • 정치/경제/사회 모든 영역과 관련되는 이념 • 개성/자율성/다양성/대중성 중시 • 탈이념, 광고와 패션에 의한 소비문화, 여성운동, 인권운동, 제 3세계운동 등의 현상 유발
  • 5. Views of My Father Weeping The New Yorker, Dec 6, 1969 • 미니멀리즘 형식 • 잠정적이며 불완전하고 미완성, 미결정적* • 파편적이며 의미가 불확정적** • 아버지의 죽음을 회상하는 것으로 시작하여 아버지의 죽음의 경위를 탐구하는 동시에 아버지가 우는 모습을 회상: 현재와 과거의 교차 • 포스트모더니즘 특유의 불확정성 • 아버지의 죽음에 대한 증인과 단서가 주어지나 확실한 것은 하나도 없다는 결론에 이르게 됨 • 아버지가 우는 다양한 모습은 회상이자 환상: 아버지의 존재 또는 아버지의 죽음 자체에 대한 의문 • 무너지는 리얼리티: 허구와 실재의 구분 불가 • Etc • 명확한 결말이 없음 ! ! *Richard F. Patteson **Larry McCaffery
  • 6. 두 플롯의 교차 아버지의 죽음을 추적하며 단서를 확보해나감 아버지가 우시는 모습의 회상/환상
  • 7. An aristocrat was riding down the street in his carriage. He ran over my father. My father shot and missed. He wept. The witness was a little girl. ! ! ! ! But perhaps it is not my father weeping there, but another father.
  • 8. “The driver’s livery w as b l u e a n d green.” M y father has written on the white wall with his crayons. “The coachman’s name is Lars Bang.” ! My father is playing with the salt and pepper shakers, and with the sugar bowl.
  • 9. Lars Bang himself came to my room. My father is looking at himself in a mirror. “I will relate the circumstances of the accident…” There is my father, sitting in his bed, weeping.
  • 10. “It was a Friday.” Lars Bang began. M y father is attending a class in a good behavior. “Bang is an absolute bloody liar,” she said. ! Etc.
  • 12. 1 2 An aristocrat was riding down the street in his carriage. He ran over my father. After the ceremony I walked back to the city. I was trying to think of the reason my father had died. Then I remembered: he was run over by a carriage. ! 이야기의 시작. 아버지의 사망을 기점으로 나레이터가 아버지를 치고 간 마차의 주인(귀 족)을 찾고자 함.
  • 13. 3 I telephoned my mother and told her of my father’s death. She said she supposed it was the best thing. I too supposed it was the best thing. ! 어머니에게 아버지의 죽음을 알리나 어머니는 “잘된 일”이라고 답하며 나레이터도 어머 니의 말에 동의함. 포스트모던시대의 해체된 인간관계의 단면을 보여줌. 4 Yet it is possible that it is not my after who sits there in the center of the bed weeping. It may be someone else, the mailman, the man who delivers the groceries, an insurance salesman or tax collector, who knows. However, I must say, it resembles my father. ! 아버지의 모습을 회상하지만 이 모습이 나레이터의 아버지인지 다른 사람인지 확신할 수 없음. 아버지의 존재 또는 사망 여부에 대한 질문 자체를 던질 수 있음.
  • 14. 5&6 The witness was a little girl, eleven or twelve. … “Can you recall what the man in the carriage looked like?” “Like an aristocrat,” she said. ! The first witness declares that the man in the carriage looked “like an aristocrat.” ! 첫 목격자인 어린 소녀는 마차 안에 있던 사람은 “귀족 같다”고 증언함. 그러나 귀족 “같 다”는 것은 귀족이 아닐 수도 있기에 첫 단서는 불확실함. 8 But perhaps it is not my father weeping there, but another father: Tom’s father, Phil’s father, Pat’s father, Pete’s father, Paul’s father. Apply some sort of test, voiceprint reading or ! 아버지는 다른 이의 아버지일 수도 있음. 문장의 불완전한 끝맺음으로 구조와 문체의 틀 을 파괴함.
  • 15. 13&16 “There was one thing,” the clerk said, “don’t tell anyone I told you, but I can give you one hint. The driver’s livery was blue and green.” ! But blue and green livery is not unusual. ! 점원이 제공한 단서(청색과 녹색 제복)는 흔한 것이기 때문에 단서가 될 수 없음. 19 …she said, “Lars Bang.” I looked at her in some surprise. “What sort of name is that for an aristocrat?” “His coachman,” she said. “The coachman’s name is Lars Bang.” Then she fled. ! 소녀가 마부의 이름을 알려줌. Lars Bang이라는 단서를 통해 아버지의 죽음에 대한 궁 금증 해결에 가까워지고 있음.
  • 16. 22 Why! …there’s my father! …sitting in the bed there! …and he’s weeping! …as though his heart would burst! …Father! …how is this? …who has wounded you? … ! 아버지의 우는 모습을 회상하며 아버지를 애도하는 모습이 파편적으로 드러남. 32 “It was a Friday,” Lars Bang began, as if he were telling a tarven story. ! Lars Bang이 그날 있었던 아버지의 죽음에 대해 얘기하기 시작하며 나레이터는 마침내 사건에 대한 전말을 듣게 됨.
  • 17. 34 Before I had time to frame a reply, the dark-haired girl spoke. “Bang is an absolute bloody liar,” she said. ! Lars Bang의 말을 듣고 있던 소녀가 “그는 거짓말쟁이”라고 말하여 이야기는 다시 원점 으로 돌아옴. 누가 아버지를 죽인 것인지, 어떻게 된 것인지 밝혀진 것은 없음. 35 Etc. ! 기타등등으로 마무리되는 이야기. 확실한 결말이 존재하지 않아 독자들이 스스로 생각 하고 받아들여야 함.
  • 18. Further reading ! 일반적으로 문학에서 아버지를 다루는 방식과 관련하여: 작품 내 아버지의 죽음이 시사하는 바는 무엇인가? ! 결말을 어떻게 해석하고 받아들일 것인가? ! 바셀미의 단편과 비슷한 작품을 찾아본다면?
  • 19. Credits ! Sun in an Empty Room, Edward Hopper Donald Barthelme, University of Houston Libraries Thirteen Geometric Shapes, Sol Lewitt Marilyn, Andy Warhol Fountain, Duchamp About Modernism, Vidom Revenge of The Goldfish, Sand Skoglund The New Yorker Dec 6, 1969 Carriage rides in Bruges, trabel.com Unknown Inception (screen cap), Christopher Nolan Unknown ! ! jay.jeong15@gmail.com