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HSTE Chain of Infection.ppt
- 1. The Chain of Infection
- 2. As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two things about infection:
- 3. 1.the various ways infection can be transmitted 2. the ways the infection chain can be broken
- 4. There are six links in the chain of infection :
- 5. 1st - The Infectious Agent -any disease-causing microorganism (pathogen)
- 6. 2nd - The Reservoir -the place where the pathogen originally lives
- 7. Hosts that do not show any outward signs or symptoms of a disease but are still capable of transmitting the disease are known as carriers. What are “Carrier Hosts”
- 8. 3rd - The Portal of Exit -route of escape of the pathogen from the reservoir. Examples: respiratory secretions, blood exposure, breaks in skin.
- 9. 4th - The Mode of Transmission -method by which the pathogen gets from the reservoir to the new host
- 10. Transmission may occur through: direct contact occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse
- 11. air
- 12. insects
- 13. 5th - The Portal of Entry -gaining access to a new host or reservoir
- 16. Urinary & Reproductive Tracts
- 17. Breaks in Protective Skin Barrier
- 18. 6th - The Susceptible Host -the organism that accepts the pathogen A person who is sick, stressed, etc.
- 19. Organisms with strong immune systems are better able to fend off pathogens.
- 20. Organisms with weakened immune systems are more vulnerable to the support & reproduction of pathogens.
- 21. -The essential part of patient care & self-protection. How to interrupt the chain of infection:
- 22. 1. Pathogen Identification -identification of infectious agent & appropriate treatment
- 23. 2. Hygiene -potential hosts & carriers must practice maintain proper personal hygiene
- 24. 3. Control Portals of Exit -we must practice standard precautions:
- 25. (Control body secretions & wash hands according to protocol.)
- 26. 4. Prevent a Route of Transmission -prevent direct or indirect contact by: 1.Proper handwashing 2.Disinfection & sterilization techniques 3.Isolation of infected patients 4.Not working when contagious
- 27. Antiseptics • Antiseptics are solutions that are applied directly to the skin. They prevent or slow the growth of pathogens. • Examples: Alcohol, Betadine, Listerine
- 28. Disinfection • Disinfection uses strong chemicals to kill many pathogens on objects • Examples: Bleach, Lysol, etc.
- 29. Sterilization • It is the best way to kill all microbes and their spores • Examples: Autoclave (steam under pressure)
- 30. 5. Protect Portal of Entry -We must make sure that ports of entry are not subjected to pathogens. (nose, mouth, eyes, urinary tract, open wounds, etc.)
- 31. 6. Recognition of Susceptible Host -We must recognize & protect high- risk patients
- 32. Remember--breaking the chain of infection is the responsibility of everyone.
Editor's Notes
- Infectious agent is the pathogen (germ) that causes diseases
- Reservoir includes places in the environment where the pathogen lives (this includes people, animals and insects, medical equipment, and soil and water)
- A transport host is a carrier in which the organism remains alive but does not undergo development. Warmth, moisture, pH levels and oxygen levels are the four big physical and chemical factors affecting microbial growth
- Portal of exit is the way the infectious agent leaves the reservoir (through open wounds, aerosols, and splatter of body fluids including coughing, sneezing, and saliva)
- Mode of transmission is the way the infectious agent can be passed on (through direct or indirect contact, ingestion, or inhalation)
- Direct contact occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse. Direct contact also refers to contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious organisms.
- These organisms may be spread through sneezing, coughing, spraying of liquids, the spread of dust, or any activity that results in the generation of aerosolized particles.
- Transmission takes place when the vector injects salivary fluid by biting the host, or deposits feces or eggs in a break in the skin. Mosquitoes are vectors for malaria and West Nile virus.
- Portal of entry is the way the infectious agent can enter a new host (through broken skin, the respiratory tract, mucous membranes, and catheters and tubes)
- These infections are usually passed from person to person through vaginal intercourse. They can also be passed through anal sex, oral sex, or skin-to-skin contact.
- Susceptible host can be any person (the most vulnerable of whom are receiving healthcare, are immunocompromised, or have invasive medical devices including lines, devices, and airways)