Dr. Jagroop Singh from the Government Medical College in Amritsar, Punjab researches assistive devices and technologies to help with activities of daily living. Assistive technology can aid with both basic activities like bathing, toileting, and mobility, as well as instrumental activities like communication, transportation, and financial tasks. The goal is to compensate for disabilities and improve functional abilities. Examples given include electric toothbrushes, wheelchairs, and augmentative communication devices. Assistive technology supports self-maintenance through personal care, mobility, and communication, as well as self-advancement through education, work, and volunteering. It also enables self-enhancement through recreation, play, and leisure activities.

1. Research in assistive devices
technology in self care acitivies
Dr. Jagroop Singh
Research associate
Govt. medical college Amritsar punjab

2. Activities of daily living
• Daily living activities can be separated into two areas;
1. Basic activities of daily living (BADL)
2.Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)
• BADLs include self care tasks such as bathing/showering, grooming,
toileting, functional mobility such as transfers and bed mobility,sexual
activities, and the care of personal devices such as hearing aids.
• IADL tasks include care of others and of pets; child rearing;
communication management such as use of telephones; use of
personal digital assistants and computers; community mobility such
as driving and use of public transporatation and financial
management such as use of cash and cheque writing

3. What is assistive technology
• Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired
commercially off the shelf, modified or customized that is used to
increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of an individual
with a disability
• The goal of assistive technology is to compensate for absent or
impaired abilities and enable occupational performance

4. • The terms assistive technology, adaptive equipment and assistive
devices are generally used interchangeably
• Adaptive equipment/devices – equipment designed to help persons
with disabilities compensate for functional limitations, equipment
ranges from simple, such as a long handled reacher for those unable
to bend over to complex such as computerized environment control
systems

5. • Human activity assistive technology model (HAAT)
• The human activity assistive technology model shows the
interrelationship between components and their interaction with the
assistive technology system
• The human activity assistive technology model represents how AT
devices help consumers to develop or return to occupational
functioning
• The AT portion of the HAAT model is also a system with four
subsections;
1. the human technology interface; the human technology interface is
the means of interaction between the person and the technology device

6. 2.The processor; the information is relayed to the processor via a
mechanical or electrical linkage that interprets or responds to create an
activity output
3. the activity output; the activity output includes actions for which the
devices is designed such as opening doors or writing text
4. The environment interface; the environment interface adjust the
output of the device in response to input from the environment

7. Areas of application;
• Assistive technology enable accomplishing the activities and tasks of
occupation and roles
• Assistive technology can support;
• Self maintenance
• Self advancement
• Self enhancement

8. Self maintenance;
• Toileting
• Mobility
• Eating
• Bathing
• Dressing
• Grooming
• Communication

9. Self maintenance;
• Technologies such as electric toothbrushes, and electric shaves can
increase competence with personal care ADL tasks. However
instrumental activities of daily living. Clearly benefit from AT. Text
telephones formely called telecommunication device for the deaf and
hands free or adapted telephones enable calling paratransit
organizations, shopping for groceries and ordering from catalogs over
the telephone.
• Consumers with significant disabilities can manage their personal
space (ie, control lights, fans or the volume on a tv or stero) through
the use of electric aids to daily living

10. • Mobility is a basic form of self maintenance that clients give high
ratings as a necessity in everyday life. Universal design, an inclusive
design concept, considers the needs of a broad range of users creating
people friendly spaces that are safer and easily modified for more
severe impairment.
• Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices
substitute synthetic or digitized speech; when consumers are unable
to speak or be understood by vocal communication. AAC devices allow
consumers who have been taught to use them to socialize, call for
assistance, direct, inform health care provides about health issues,
initiate plans for activities, and make food and clothing choices.

11. Self advancement;
• Assistive technology can enable self advancement roles that range
from retirees participating in volunteer activities to employees
working at jobs or students attending school
• Wheel chairs and scooters allow travel on ramped neighbourhood
sidewalks, commuting on public transportation and access to school,
stores and workplaces with level, accessible entrances
• Adapted computers, enable listening to text, writing, accounting
managing databases, desktop publishing, computer aided design,
searching the internet, phoning, faxing and printing

12. • AAC devices are an essential part of communication at school and in
the workplace, making choices, demonstrating knowledge, asking
questions, forming peer relationships and getting the job done all
occur because of communication
SELF ENHANCEMENT;
• Recreational choices often have symbolic meaning and clearly reveal
our interests and our tolerance for challenge
• Adaptive mobility devices introduced early to children with motor
impairments enable independent play and exploration

13. • Using EADL to control home entertainments systems music, tv and
video is also a common leisure activity
• Internet allows previewing destinations, finding accessible
accommodation, and renting accessible vans with so many accessible
facilities, even travelling is now a form of recreation and play.

15. ADAPTATION FOR FEEDING