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2. ﺍﻹﻫـــــــــﺪﺍﺀ
ﺟﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﺤﺔﺍﻟﺨﻠﻮﺩ ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ.
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ.
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ.
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻲ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ.
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3. ﺷﻜـــﺮﻭﻋﺮﻓــــﺎﻥ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫﻭ،ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻋﻼ ﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﻰ ﻭﻧﺴﺄﻝ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﺎﺗﻪ ،ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪ.
ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ
ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺘﺮﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ.
ﻛ ﺇﻟﻰﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺯﻣﻼﺀ ﻞ.
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5. ﻣﻘﺪﻣـــﺔ/
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ﰲ ﺳﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻻ ،ﻭﺧﻄﲑﺓ ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺷﻜﻠﺖ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ،ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﻥﳝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎ ﺜﻞﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺣﺚﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ
ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺷﻜﻠﺖ ﺣﻴﺚ ،ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ1979ﺃﺣﺪ
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺃﺑﺮﺯﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ،ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪﺕ ،ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔﻲ
ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲﻭﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻳﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﺧﺬ
ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﳊﲔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ.
ﺃﺣ ﻓﻘﺪ ،ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺬﻩ ﺗﺄﺛﺮﺍ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻜﻦ ﱂﻴﺖﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
ﻛﺎﳌﺴﺘﻀﻌﻔﲔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ،،ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻜﺒﺎﺭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﻭﻻﻳﺔ،ﻭﺍﺩﻟ ﻛﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔﺖ
ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ،ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ
ﻛﺎﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔﺑ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻳﻜﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ،ﻣﻨﺢ ﺸﻜﻞﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ
ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻧﺔﺎﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎ،ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻊ،
ﻋﺎﳌﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺯﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺗﻪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ،ﺟﺪﻳﺪ
ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺭﺙ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﺍ ،ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻷﻭﺑﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ
ﺍﳊﻤﻀﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ،ﻫ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺻﻮﻻ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱﻏﲑ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺎﺟﺲ
ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔﺍﻟﻐ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺮﺽ
ﻛﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ
ﻣ ﺃﻓﺮﺯﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺗﻨﺎﻣﻲ ﻇﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝﺣﻮﻛﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻃﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ ﻦ
ﻋ ﺣﻮﻛﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺎﳌﻴﺔ.ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻦﺍﻟﱵﻛﺒﲑﺍ ﻗﺴﻄﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ
ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻦﺍﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻣﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎ،ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ،ﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ
ﺑﺄﺯ ﺇﻋﻼﻣﻴﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑﺇﺭﻫ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻣﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﺎﺻﺎﺕ
ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ2002ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻦﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ،ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ
ﺧﻠﻖ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﻱ.ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﻨﺬ،ﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ
ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ،ﺃﺧ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡﺮﻯ.
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6. ﻣﻘﺪﻣـــﺔ/
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ﺗﺪﺍﻋﻴ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﻨﺤﺎﻭﻝﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺎﺕ،ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﲢﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ
ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﰲ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﺋﺤﻬﺎ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕﺳﺘﻔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮﻫﺎﺕﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻀﻲ.
1-ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ:
ﺃﳘﻴ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪﺕﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺔ
ﻋﺎﻣﺔ،ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﰲ.ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻕ ﻏﲑ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ
ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺃﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ11/09/2001ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﺮﺯ ﺃﻳﻦ
ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ،ﺍﻟﺸ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻮﻑ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺎﻣﻞ
ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻦﻛ ﰲ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺘﺸﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺇﱃﺪﺩ ،ﻛﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺎﺭﺛﺔ
ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﺓﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﳘﺎ ،ﻴﺔ-ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ-،ﳏﺎﺭﺑﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﲡﺐ ﻋﺪﻭﺍﻥ
ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ،ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺎﻷ،ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﺿﺪﺍﳌﻨ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﳏﻮﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒﻈﻮﺭ
ﻭﺃﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺻﻌﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ،ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ
ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﺖ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ)IAEA(ﻣ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺑﻜﻞﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺗﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﻊ
ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻮﺍﺋﺢ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ،ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ،ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺛﻴﺔﺍﻟﺸ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺔ–ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﺮ-ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ
ﻭﺳﻌ ،ﺃﺧﺮﻯﺗﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻧﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻻﻣﺘﻼﻙ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻲﳐﺎﻭﻑ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺎﻋﻘﻴﺪ ﻣﻊ
ﺃﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺮﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺔ،ﻭﻣﺼﺎﳊﻬﺎ،ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ
ﻳﻠﻲ:
ﺃ-ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝﻐﺮﻳﺒﺧﺼ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ،ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺔﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻮﻣﺎ
ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﻮﺭﺓ،ﻳﺘﺮﺩ ﻭﱂﺩﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﺷﺪﺑﻮﺻﻔ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﲏ ﺍﷲ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻬﺎ.
ﺏ-ﰲ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺘﱪﻳ ،ﻭﳏﺘﻞ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺧﻄﺮﺍ ﺸﻜﻞ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺎﻭﺃﺍﻟ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﰲﺸﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺮﻕ.
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ﺝ-ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺮﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲏ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ
ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﺤﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ،ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻧﻘﺼﺪ.
ﺩ-ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﱐ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ،ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﳏﻴﻂ ﰲ ﺧﻄﲑﺓ ﺗﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﺆﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ
ﺍﻟﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊﺍﺍﻟﻨﻔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻂ.
2-ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ:
ﺃ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻻﺷﻚ ﳑﺎﺇﱃ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ،ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻥ
ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﱪﺭﺍﺕ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﱪﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ،ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻧﺎﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﳍﺬﺍ
ﺍﻵﰐ:
2-1-ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﱪﺭﺍﺕ:
ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻴﻮﻝ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ،ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺟﻬﺔ
ﺍﻹﻳﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ،ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺬﺍ ﲢﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻧﻴﺔ
ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎ،ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﺍ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎ
ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻻ ﻧﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺎﻛﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ.
2-2-ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﱪﺭﺍﺕ:
،ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ،ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ
ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ،ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ
ﳏﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﺍ،ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻯ ﻳﱪﺯ ﻭﻫﻨﺎ.
ﳓﻦ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ،ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ
ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ،ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔﻋﺎﻣﺔﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻷﻛﺎﰲ ﺩﳝﻴﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ.
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ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ،ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ
ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻜﻨﻬﺎﺟﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ
،ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﰲﺎﻣﺎﺕﻭﺍﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ.
3-ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
ﺍﻟﺬ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻌﺒﺘﻪ ﻱ
ﺣﻠﺤ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻠﺔ2002-2010ﻭﻓﻖ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ:
ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﻴﻒ2002-
2010؟
ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ:
ﺃ-ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ،ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺧﻠﻔﻴﺎﺕ
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣ ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻊ ﳜﺺ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺎﻪ.
ﺏ-ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻴﻒﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ،ﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﱪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ
ﺎ؟
ﺝ-ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ،ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ؟
ﺩ-ﺎﺇﺩﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺛﺮﺕ ﻛﻴﻒ
ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ؟ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ
ﻫـ-ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮﻫﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ؟
ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ،ﻧﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕﺔ:
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*ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﻖ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ
ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ.
*ﻛﺎﳌﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﻮﺽ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﻥ
ﻓﻘﺪﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻲﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺎ.
*ﻛﻠﻣﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻤﺎ،ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻮﻋﺒﺔﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﳌﻠﻔﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ.
*ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺲ ﺇﻥ،ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﲏ،ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩ
ﻋﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﻦﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻓﻖﺍﻷﻟﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻃﺮ
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ.
4-ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ:
ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ
ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ:
*ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ:
ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺫﻟﻚﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ،ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺼﺎﺭ،
ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ،ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺎ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ2002ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ
ﻋﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺻﻮﻻ2010.
*ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ:
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻭﺭ ﳜﺺ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻭﻓﻬﻢ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ
ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﰲﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺗﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﰲ ﻮﻛﻮﻝ.
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*ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ:
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺮﲰﲔ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺘﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻳﺘﺠﻠﻰ
ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻦﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔﺍ ﳜﺺ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﲔﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ
ﻭ ،ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﻭ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺍﳌﻠﻒﻓﻖﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﲔ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ.
5-ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺘﻨﺎ:
،ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﻴﺚ ،ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﻜﻠﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ،ﺍﶈ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕﻜﻤﺔ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺣﱴ ،ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ
ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻢ ،ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻛﻮﻥ ،ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺸﲑ
ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ،ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ
ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ،ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ،ﻭﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎﻟﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻉ
ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ،ﰲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺃﲝﺎﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻭﺇﱃ
ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻪ.
ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﱃ ﻭﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﲝﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ
ﺍﻹ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺣﻮﻝﻓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ،ﻳﺮﺍﱐﻓ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻮﺕﺮﺻﺔﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ
ﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ،ﺍﳌﻨﺸ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕﻮﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺭﺓ.
6-ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺗﱪﻳﺮ:
ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ،ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺴﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ
ﺣﻴﺚ ،ﻓﺼﻮﻝﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺘﻄﺮﻕﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ)IAEA(ﺣﻴﺚ ،
ﻧﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ ،ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂﳍ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺬﻩ
ﺩﻭﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﻄﺮﻗﻨﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻣﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﲣﺺ ﺍﻟﱵﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ
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ﻋ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﺀ ﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ،ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﱪ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ.
ﺃﻣﺎﻓﺨﺼﺼﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ،ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ.
ﻓﻨ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﻮﺡ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻱ،ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺃﻳ ،ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ ﻋﱪﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻧﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻦﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺔ
ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐﻧ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻋﱪ ،ﻮﻋﻴﺔ،ﻭﳐﺘﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻠﻒﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
ﺗ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕﻫﺬﻩ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ
ﺍﳌﻨﺃﺣﻜﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻘﺴﻢﺍﻟﺜ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻡﻣﻦ ﻓﻨﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻣﺎ ،ﻴﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻲ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻟﻪﻭﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ
ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ ،ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔﻴﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻣﺎ ،ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺎﻗﻮﺍ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺔ
ﲨﻠ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺔ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﲣﺺ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺫﺑﺎﺕ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺨﺼﺼﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻣﺎ
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ
ﺍﳌ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﻌﻀﻠﺔ،ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ،ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ
ﻛﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻔﻬﺎ،ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺿﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﲔﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻨﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻣﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ
ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕﺎﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ،ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ
ﰲ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﻄﺮﻗﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻣﺎ ،ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺻﻞ
ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ،ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺎﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ ﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ،ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﺮﻗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ
ﺿ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺪﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺇﱃ.
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14. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
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ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻂﳊﻈﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ،ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ
ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺎ ﺇﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎﻫﲑﻭﺷﻴﻤﺎ،ﻭﻧﻜﻋﺎﻡ ﺎﺯﺍﻛﻲ1945ﻟﺒﺚ ﻣﺎ ﰒ ،ﻡ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﲢﻮﻟﺖ ﺃﻥ،ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﺗﺰﻋﻤﺖ
ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ،ﻭﺗﺘﺒﻊ،ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔﳋﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺮﻕ
ﺃﺳﻬﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺑﻭ ﰲ ﻘﻮﺓﺿﻌﻪ.ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻓﺘﺮﻯﺍﻷﻭﱃﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻟﻼﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ؟ﻭﻣﺎﻫﻲ
ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺎ؟ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ؟ﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺔ
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15. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
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ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:
ﺑﻨﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ.
I/ﺍﻹﻧﺸ ﻹﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺻﺎﺕﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻄﺎﺭ:
ﺍﻹﻧﺸ ﺇﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻛﺎﻥﺑﺮﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻄﺎﺭﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ1938،ﻡﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﲟﻮﻟﺪ ﺇﻳﺬﺍﻧﺎ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ1938-1945ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﱪﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ،،ﻭﻻ ﻭﺣﺪﺩﺕ
ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺗﻪ ﺗﺰﺍﻝﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ،ﺃ ﺇﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﻭﻗﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔﻧﺒﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﳎﻤﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺕ،ﺇﱃ ﻫﺎﺟﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺎ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺄﺓ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ،ﺃﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻳﺔﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ،1942،ﻡﲤﻜﻨﺖ
ﺍﻹﻳﻄﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ"ﻓﺮﻣﻲ–Fermi")1(
،ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ،ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ
ﰲ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﻏﻮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺻﻐﲑ ﻧﻮﻭﻱ2ﻋﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ1942ﻡﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺜﺒﺖ
ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝﺍﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻧﻮﻭﻱﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﰲ ،ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ1942-1945ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﰎ
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺎﺗﻦﻣﺎ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉﻟ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑﻞ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ،ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ
ﻋﺎﱄﺍﻹﻏﻨﺎﺀ)ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺐ(ﻭﺍﻟ ،ﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ،ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﰲ،
ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ15000ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﺮﺩ1000ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ،ﻋﺎﱂﺍﳊﺎﺻﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ
ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ.
ﳎﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﰎ
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﲣﺼﺐ،ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ،ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻓﺼﻞ،ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻒ ،ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ2ﺑﻭﰲ ،ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻠﻴﻮﻥ16/07/1945ﻡﺗﻔﺠﲑ ﰎ
ﺎﻭﻗﺪﺭ ﻧﻴﻮﻣﻜﺴﻴﻜﻮ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ20,000ﻃﻦ.
-ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺳﻨﺘﻄﺮﻕ
ﻧﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ.
)1(-
،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ،ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺯﻳﻨﺐ)،ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ
2007(ﺹ ،19.
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16. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
- 12 -
II/ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ:
ﻟﻺﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ)ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ(ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ
ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﲣﺘﻠﻒ ،ﻣﻨﻀﺒﻂ
ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﻄﺮﺍﺯ)ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳛﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ%0,7ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ235-Uﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞﻟﻼﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭ()1(
ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻭﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺪﻑ235-Uﻓﻴﻪ
ﳓﻮ ﺇﱃ%3،ﺗﺸ ﻛﻤﺎﺍﻟﻨ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻤﻞﻫﻲ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻮﻭﻳﺔ:ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ
ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ:ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥﺍﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﳛﻴﻂ ﻭﻣﻬﺪﺉ ،ﺮﻭﻧﺎﺕ
ﻟﻺﻧ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞﺘﺸ،ﺎﺭﺇ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﺑﺍﻟﻨﻴﻮ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻄﺎﺀﺗﺮﻭﻧﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﲝﻴﺚ ،ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻉﺗﺃ ﺮﻭﻧﺎﺕﻥﺃﻛﱪ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ ﺗﺼﻄﺪﻡ،ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻭﺗﻄﻠﻖ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ
ﺍﳌﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞﺍﻟ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺒﺨﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﺎﺭ،ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ)2(
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ.
I/1-ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ:
ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪﲬﺴﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺔ.
ﺃ-ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ)LWRS(:ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ
ﻛﻤﻬﺪﺉﻭﻣﱪﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻊ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺯ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ،ﻣﻌﺎ ﺩ.
ﺏ-ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ)HWRS(:ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ
ﻭﻣ ﻛﻤﻬﺪﺉﱪﺍﻟ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺯ ﻭﻫﻮ ،ﺩﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ
ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺢ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ.
ﺝ-ﺍﳌ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕﱪﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺩﺓ)GCRS(ﺃﻭ)MAGNOX(:ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺪﺃ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ
ﻭﻗﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ،ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺛﺎﱐ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺗﱪﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ
ﺗﺪﻋﻰ ﻛﺴﻮﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ)MAGNOX.(
)1(-
ﺑﻴﻠ ﺟﻮﻥﻴﺲﻁ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻮﳌﺔ ،ﲰﻴﺚ ﺳﺘﻴﻒ ،1ﻟﻸﲝﺎﺙ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ،)،ﻟﻸﲝﺎﺙ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﰊ2004(ﺹ ،712.
)2(-
ﺑﻴﻠ ﺟﻮﻥﻴﺲﺹ ﺹ ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ،ﲰﻴﺚ ﺳﺘﻴﻒ ،712-713.
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17. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
- 13 -
ﺩ-ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ)HTGRS:ﺪﺃﻭ ﺍﳍﻠﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻳﱪﺩ
ﺑﻮ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼ ﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻗﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ،ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﻄﺔﻴﺐ.
ﻭ-ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ)FBRs(:ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺯ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟ ﺃﻭﺒﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼ ﻋﺎﱄ ﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡﻴﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﻫﻮ ،ﺐﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ
ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﱪﺩ ﻭﻟﻪ ،ﻣﻬﺪﺉ ﺩﻭﻥﻛﺎﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ)1(
.
II/ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﲣﺼﻴﺐ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ235-U:
ﺃ-ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ:ﻋﱪ ﻳﻨﺜﺮ ﲦﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ،ﻏﺎﺯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ،ﻣﺴﺎﻡ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺏ235-Uﺍﻷﺧﻒ
ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻡ ﻋﱪ ﲤﺮ ﻭﺯﻧﺎ)2(
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪﻭﺯﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﺛﻘﻞ.
ﺏ-ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ:ﳝﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﺭ
ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻏﺎﺯ.
ﺝ-ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻜﺮ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ:ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﺿﺦ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ
ﻓﻠﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭ ﻮﺭﻳﺪﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ،ﺗ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺍﳍﻠﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﲔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﻪﻨﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻃﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺘﺢ
235-Uﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﻦ238-U.
4-ﺍﻟ ﺑﺄﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺐﻠﻴﺰﺭ:ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ
235-Uﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﻦ238-U،ﳚﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺛﻬﺎ.
5-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ)EMIS(:ﺫﺍﺕ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ
ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻝ ﺗﻴﺎﺭﺍﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻋﱪ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﳍﺬﻩ ﻭﻳﺴﻤﺢ ،ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ
ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻪﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﻭﺯﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﻒ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ،ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﻊ
ﺗﻨﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻔﺼﻞﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ.
)1(-
ﻭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺎﻥﻳ،ﻟﻸﲝﺎﺙ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ،ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺖ)ﻟﻸﲝﺎﺙ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ،ﺩﰊ2004(ﺹ ،129.
)2(-
،ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﻴﺎﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ:ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ:ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ،ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ،ﻭﺍﳊﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﱰﻑ259،
2000(ﺹ ،109.
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18. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
- 14 -
6-ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ:ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺐ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻞ
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﻲﳚﺘﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺟﺰﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑﻛﺘﻠﺘﻴﻬﻤﺎ.
II/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ:
ﺃﺩﻯﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻟﻠﺴ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲﺍﻟﺬ ﻼﺡﺭﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻱ
ﺃﺑﺮﺯﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﳓﻮ ﺳﻌﺖ ﻭﻗﺪ ،ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ
ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﺑﺎﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻊ،ﰲ ﻛﻨﺪﺍ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ15
ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ1945ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺍﻗﺘﺮﺣﻮﺍﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪﳉﻨﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺔ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ
ﻣﻨﻊﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﰲ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﳍﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ،ﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺣﺪﺩﻭﺍ ﻭ
ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ:
-ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﻊﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ.
-ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﳍﺎﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﰲ)1(
.
-ﻭﰲ24ﺟﺎﻧﻔﻲ1946ﳉﻨﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺕ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ،ﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻭﻗﺪ
ﴰﻠﺖ:
1-ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ.
2-ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﻊ.
3-ﺎﺑﺸﺄ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺺ ﺣﻴﺚ ،ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻧﺰﻉﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ)2(
.
)1(-
ﺹ ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ،ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺯﻳﻨﺐ32.
)2(-
ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﺎﳌﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ،ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻼﺡ ،ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﳑﺪﻭﺡ)،ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺳﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ
1992(ﺹ ،123.
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19. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
- 15 -
ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﰲ1946ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺥ ﲟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﺮﻑ ﲟﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ
ﺃﻥ ﺇﻻ ،ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﲢﺖ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻞ ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ،ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻭ
ﰲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻧﺰﻉ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﰐ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺇﻃﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﰐ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻛﱰﻉ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ
ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓﺎﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺇﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﻓﻘﺪ ﰒ ﻭﻣﻦ ،ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﻼﺡ
ﻋﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺣﱴ1948ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ ﺃﺟﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﰲ ،ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻔﺖ
ﺍﻟ ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻱ ﺗﻔﺠﲑﻫﻢﺴﺒﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺎﻕ
ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﺍ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ:ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﻯ ﳑﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺠﲑﺍﺕ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ،ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑﻞ ﺻﻨﻊ
ﻛﺈﳒﻠﺘﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺟﺪﺩ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀﻋﺎﻡ1952،ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺃﺩﻯ"ﺎﻭﺭﺃﻳﺰ"ﺇﱃ
ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ"ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓ"ﻋﺎﻡ1953ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ)1(
ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ،
،ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺎﳐﺰﻭ ﻣﻦ ﲜﺰﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱪﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ
ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔﺗﺴﺘﻤ ﻭﺃﻥ ،ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯﻛﻨﻒ ﰲ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﱪﻉ ﰲ ﺮ
ﺍﻷﻣﻢﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ،ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔﰲ
ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ﻭﰲ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﺳﻌﺎﺩ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ1954ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﺈﲨﺎﻉ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺻﺪﺭ
ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺔ"ﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺟﻞ"،ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ
ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﰲ1956ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ،ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻋﻘﺪ
ﻋﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ1957ﺇﻳﺪﺍﻉ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺮﻓﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ،
ﺟ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖﺎﻧﺐ18ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ،ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ
ﻭﻛﻨﺪﺍ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ،ﺍﳒﻠﺘﺮﺍ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﰐ.
)1(-
ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻧﻈﺮﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺔ.
www.IAEA, ORG/ Publications/ Documents/ Infcircs/ 2005/ Infcirc 651, PDF.
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20. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
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ﻭﺗﺘﻠﺨﺺﻳﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ:
1-ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺎﻻﺕﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ.
2-ﰲ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﻞ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﺮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ
ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ.
-ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﳘﺖ،ﻭﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﺀ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ،ﺗﺄﰐ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻭﲡﻨﺐ
ﺍﻷ ﺗﺪﻣﲑ ﻋﻠﻰﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺑﲔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﺽ:
-ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﰲ/1958ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺗﻌﻘﺪﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺢ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ
ﻟﻸﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺣﻮﻝﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ.ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ
ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﳎﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ.
ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻡ ﰲ ﺗﺸﺮﻉ ﻛﻤﺎ.
-ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ﰲ1959ﺗﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ،ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﺎﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ
ﺍﳌﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﺢ)*(
،ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ﰲ ﻭﺗﻌﻘﺪ
ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ.
-ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ﰲ/1962ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﻲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ"ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ
ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ،ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺗﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ
ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ.
)*(
ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ:ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻲﺑﺍﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻌﺪﺩ.
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21. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
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-1964:ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺘﻮﺳﻊ
،ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﺸﺊ،ﻟﻸﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ
ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ)FAO(ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،
ﺗﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﰲ-ﺇﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ-ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﱯ ﲝﺜﻲ ﻛﻤﺮﻛﺰ.
-1972:ﻳﻌﻘﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻛﻬﻮﱂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﺪ
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ،ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻭﲡﺮﻱ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ،ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻄﺮﺡ ﻛﻤﺎ ،ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺎﻝﺍ ﰲ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﲏ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺇﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ،ﺇﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ
ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ)RCA(ﺍﳍﺎ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻟﺪﻭﻝﺩﻱ.
-1976:ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﺸﺊ
)WHO(،ﻋﺎﳌﻴ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺮﻋﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﳌﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺔﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺪﻑ
ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ.
-1977:ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﰲ
ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻛﻤﺎ ،ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ"ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ"ﺍﻟﱵ
ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﱘ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﰲ ،ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮﻫﺎ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ(**)
)INFCE.(
-1983:ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻳﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺗﻞ ﰲ
ﺍﳌﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ
ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ.
(**)
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ:ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﺪﺃﺍﻷﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﻡﺽﻃ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ،ﺤﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﻦ ،ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻦ
ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻻ ﺎﻗﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻓﺎﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ،ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺤﻦ،ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐ ﺇﳕﺎ
ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉ ﻭﺃﻥ ،ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﻮﺭ ﰲ ﲡﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﳝﺮﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻔﻲ ،ﺍﳌﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺔ
ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ ﻳﺘﻢ235ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﰲ238ﺍﻟ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻜﻲﻨﺎﺗﺞﻛﻔﺆﺍﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﻭ ،ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﻴﻨﺬﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ،
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺬﺍ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﺩﺍ
ﻫﻲ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ:ﺍﻟﻨ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﳋﺰﻥﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ،ﻧﻮﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ.
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22. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
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-1986:ﰲ26ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻭﻉ ﻧﻮﻭﻱ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞﺗﺸﲑﻧﻮﺑﻴﻞﰲ
ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﰐ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ،ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﰲ ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻳﺪﻣﺮ
ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﱪ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﺴﺮﺏ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ،ﳍﺬﺍ ﺩﻭﱄ ﻭﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ
ﻭﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ،ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺕ ﻭﰲ
ﻣﺆ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﳌﻲ ﺭﲰﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ ،ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﲤﺮ.
ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ،ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺘﲔ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ﻭﰲ:ﺑﺸﺄﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻧﻮﻭﻱ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ:ﻧﻮﻭﻱ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻃﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻭﻟﻸﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺳﻌﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﳎﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻱ.
-1996:ﺍﻟﻮ ﻣﺌﺎﺕ ﲢﻀﺮﻓﻮﺩﰲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ
ﻧﻮﺑﻴﻞ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ،ﻭﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ
ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻧﻮﻗﺸﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ.
ﺃ-ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ:
ﳎﻠﺲ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖﳏﺎﻓﻈﻲﺗﺮﻓﻖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ
ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﻔﺘﺸﻲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ.
ﺏ-ﺣﻈﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺮ:
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻘﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻭﰲ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﰲ
ﻟﻠﺘﺠ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓﺇﱃ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺃﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺎﺭﺏ158ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺻﻮﺕ3
ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﺮﺍ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺃﺻﻮﺍﺕﻟﻼﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ.
ﺝ-ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ)WND:(
ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻦ29ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ1997.
1999:ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ ﺃﻭﻝ
ﺑﺎﶈﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺎﺭﻙ ،ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﻳﺔﻟﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻌﺰﻝ)WIPP.(
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23. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
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-2002:ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﻔﻲ ﰲ"ﳏﻮﺭﺍ
ﻟﻠﺸﺮ"ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻹﻣﺘﻼﻙ ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ ﻳﺴﺎﻧﺪ.
-2005:ﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔﻴﻌﺎﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺔ
ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺇﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻊ ﰲ ﲜﻬﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﻴﺪﺓ ،ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﳎﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ
ﻧﻮﺑ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﲢﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻦﻟﻠﺴﻼﻡ ﻞ.
ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻧﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻭﰲ.
ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺳﻨﺔ:1957.
ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ:144 member states.
ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ:ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺮ:ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺴﺎ ،ﻓﻴﻨﺎ.
،ﰲ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ،ﺟﻨﻴﻒ)ﺳﻮﻳﺴﺮﺍ(،
،ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ)ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ(ﺗﻮﺭﻧﺘﻮ ،)ﻛﻨﺪﺍ(ﻃﻮﻛﻴﻮ)ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ(.ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﻳﺮ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻢﻧﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻮﺍﳌﺨﺘﱪﺍﺕﻓﻴﻨﺎﻣﻮﻧﺎﻛﻮ ،ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﺴﺎ ﺳﺪﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﱪ،ﺑﻔﺮﻧﺴﺎ
ﻭﺗﺮﺑﺈﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴ ﻳﺴﺘﺎﺎ.
ﺍﻹﺳﻢﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔﺍﳌﺪﺓ
ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﻟﻨﻛﻮﻝ ﻚﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ1957-1961
ﺳﻴﻜﻔﺇﻛﻠﻮﻧﺪ ﺎﺭﺩﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ1961-1981
ﺑﻠﻴﻜﺲ ﻫﺎﻧﺲﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ1981-1997
ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺩﻋﻲ ﳏﻤﺪﻣﺼﺮ1997-2009
ﻳﻮﻛﻴﺎﺍﻣﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ2009-ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ
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24. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ/ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ
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ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ:
ﺃ-ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ:
ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﺩ134ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﺇﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﺪ ،ﻋﻀﻮ.
ﺏ-ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﲔ ﳎﻠﺲ:
ﻳﻀﻢ35ﻛﺎﻵﰐ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻀﻮﺍ:
-13ﺳﻨﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻠﺲﺍ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻀﻮ.
-11ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻢﺇﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻀﻮ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ:
4-ﺍ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﻣﻦﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ.
3-ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ.
4-ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ.
2-ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ.
1-ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ.
1-ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ.
1-)ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ(ﻣﻦ:ﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ
ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ.
1-)ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ(ﻣﻦ:ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ
ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ.
ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ:ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ.
http://www.IAEA,ORG/Our Work/su/sofguards/safeg system, PDE.
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