This presentation is a journey through the evolution and journey of cardiothoracic surgery from the early days of Ludwig Rehn up until the present milieu. The struggles, sacrifices, challenges, travails and triumphs of legends and institutions are discussed in this interactive session with students. This is courtesy of Dr. Balram Airan, Professor Emeritus and former HOD of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery and Chief of CT Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Prof. Airan has served at the AIIMS for over 4.5 decades and has been witness to a large part of the evolution of cardiothoracic surgery in India, as he reminisces in this lecture. This presentation is part of a video that belongs to the lecture series of IACTS SCORE 2020 held at the Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences Whitefield, Bengaluru between 7th and 8th March, 2020.

1. HISTORY OF CARDIAC
SURGERY
Balram Airan
Former HOD & Chief – CT Center
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Additions by C.S Hiremath & Aditya N. Doddamane

2. Emile Littre
"If the science of medicine is not to be
lowered to the rank of a mere technical
profession, it must preoccupy
itself with its history."

3. Theodor Bilroth(1882) Ludwig Renn (1896)
Alexis Carrell

4. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Munro (1907) Robert E. Gross (1938) – Boston
Tetralogy of Fallot
B.T Shunt (Helen B. Taussig and Alfred Blalock) (1945)
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

5. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Coarctation of Aorta
Morgagni (1761) Crafoord & Nylin (1944)
Gross & Hufnagel (1945)

6. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Pulmonary Stenosis
Brock & Sellor
Closed pulmonary valvotomy & infundibulotomy

7. VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
Aortic Stenosis
Tuffeir (Paris, 1913) Lord Brock (1950)

8. Mitral Stenosis
Elliot Carr Cutler & Samuel Levine (1923)
Bailey et al (1950)
Henry Souttar, Dwight Harken & Charles Bailey
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

9. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
• Surface Revascularisation (Thompson)
• Vineberg Procedure
(Direct implantation of IMA into LV Myocardium for relief of
myocardial ischaemia)

10. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
• Beck’s Procedures
(Partial Occlusion of Coronary Sinus(Cardiopericardiopexy) & later Arterialisation of
Coronary Sinus)
• CABG: René G. Favalaro
Claude S. Beck
René Geronimo Favalaro

11. OPEN HEART SURGERY
• F. John Lewis (1952)
Inflow/ Outflow Occlusion with Moderate Hypothermia
• John Gibbon (1953)

12. C. Walton Lillehei, Herbert Warden & Morley Cohen
Cross Circulation (1954-1955)

13. OPEN HEART SURGERY
• Richard A. DeWall
Bubble Oxygenator

14. OPEN HEART SURGERY
• Christiaan Bernard (1967, Cape Town)
Heart Transplant
• Norman E. Shumway (Stanford)

15. PIONEERS
Michael E. Debakey Denton A. Cooley
Sir Brian Barratt-Boyes S. Subramaniam

16. PIONEERS
Francis Fontan Marc deLeval
Alan A. Carpentier Aldo R. Castenada

17. ROLE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
• Instrumentation
• Equipments
• Disposables for CPB
• Valves
• Implants

18. Roadmap..
1.Important dates and contributors
2.Cardiac Surgery at AIIMS
3.History of IACTS
4.Current scenario

19. Cardiac Surgery begins in India…
• 1946 : LV wound sutured by a Surgical
Registrar, K.M.Shah, working under A.V.
Baliga at KEM Hospital, Bombay.
• 1947 : A.V. Baliga, surgically removed the
pericardium of a patient to relieve cardiac
tamponade.

20. Cardiac Surgery begins in India…
• 1949: First successful ligation of PDA was
accomplished by B.R. Bilimoria at Masina
Hospital, Bombay

21. 1949-1959
Decade of Betts, Sen, & Basu

22. Dr. Reeve Betts
Board certified Thoracic Surgeon
Trained under Dr. Overholt
Refused placements in US
Came to India as a Missionary
CMC Vellore -- 1948
FATHER OF CARDIAC SURGERY IN INDIA

23. Dr. Reeve Betts
1951 : Pott’s Shunt
1952 : Pericardiectomy for CCP
1953 : Pulmonary Valvotomy using inflow occlusion
BT Shunt
CMV
1956 : Coarctation of Aorta
1957 : ASD closure under Hypothermia and inflow
occlusion
1958: Hufnagel valve implantation in Aorta
1958: First M.S. (M.Ch) Thoracic Surgery
Went back to US in 1960

24. Dr P K Sen
• KEM Hospital, Mumbai
• 1952 : CMV
• 1953: Coarctation of Aorta
• 1957 : ASD closure under
Hypothermia and inflow
occlusion
• 1957 : Resection of Infra-renal AAA

25. Dr P K Sen
• Aortoarteritis
• TMR
• 1965: First MVR in India
• 1968: Cadaveric Cardiac
Transplant

26. Dr A K Basu
• 1959 : Aortic Valvotomy under hypothermia and
inflow occlusion

27. Dr N Gopinath

28. Dr N Gopinath
• 1960 : First MS in Thoracic Surgery
• 1961 : First VSD Closure using CPB
• 1964 : Established the Department of CTVS at
AIIMS
• 1964 : Open heart Program started at AIIMS
• 1966: MCh started at AIIMS
• 1968: First Valve replacement at AIIMS

29. Dr K N Dastur….
Whatever we do here
should be for the
advancement of science
and not for personal
glory
---Dr K N Dastur

30. Dr Dastur : The history maker
16th Feb 1961 : First open heart (ASD closure)
Under CPB

31. Dr Stanley John
Dr.Stanley John joined CMC 1961
Head of Department after
Dr.Gopinath left
Excellent Surgical results of
Mitral Valve and VSD and TOF
From 1968

32. Other firsts……
• 1963 : The first total correction
of Tetralogy of Fallot was done
by Dr. R Padhi at the Wanless
Chest Hospital in Miraj.
• 1965 : PK Dave and SK Khanna,
Implantable pacemaker
• 1968: Dr Stanley John performed
first DVR

33. Other pioneers……
• Dr. M P Mehta
• Dr. Nemish A Shah
• Dr G B Parulkar
• Dr Solomon Victor

34. Dr K M Cherian

35. Dr K M Cherian
• Railway Hospital, Perambur
• MMM
• 1975 : First CABG
• 1976 : Deep Hypothermic Circulatory arrest
• 1976: First LIMA
• 1979 : First Senning
• 1980 : First ASO

36. Dr K M Cherian
• 1997 : Bilateral Lung Transplant
• 1997 : Pediatric Cardiac Transplant
• 1999: Heart Lung Transplant

37. Dr M S Valiathan..

38. Dr P Venugopal..
• 1994 : First Successful Cardiac
Transplant
• 1996 : Paracorporeal VAD
• 1998 : Totally Implantable VAD
• 2003: Robotic Surgery
• 2003: Stem Cell Facility
• Estabilished CT Centre

39. Dr S Bhattacharya