Immunology Topic- Isotypes, Allotypes, Idiotypes

1. SHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY
PRESENTED BY:
HIMANSHU VERMA
B.Sc. (H) Biotechnology
4th Semester
202110902120006
SUBJECT- IMMUNOLOGY
TOPIC- ISOTYPES, ALLOTYPES & IDIOTYPES
PRESENTED TO:
DR. NIRAJ TIWARI
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

2. Isotypes: Iso=Same
Each different heavy- chain constant region is referred to as an isotype, and the
isotype of the heavy chains of a given antibody molecule determines its class.
Minor differences in the amino acid sequences of groups of light and heavy chains
led to further sub- classification of these heavy chains into sub- isotypes and their
corresponding antibodies therefore into subclasses.

3. allotypes: allo=different
Heavy or light-chain genes occur in multiple allelic forms, and alternative allelic
forms of the same isotype and referred to as allotypes.
Generally, two antibodies with allotypic differences will vary in just a few residues of
one of the immunoglobulin chains, and these residues constitute the allotypic
determinants.

4. Idiotypes: Idio=own
Idiotypes are the unique antigenic determinants present on variable heavy chain and
variable light region of individual antibody molecules.
Idiotypes are antibodies that recognize different specific epitopes.
Location: Variable region of heavy chain and light chain.