The details about biological , psychological and social etiological risk factors of psychosis. The underlying pathology and process of damage, graphical illustrations present.

1. S C H I Z O P H R E N I A

2. O B J E C T I V E S
• History of classification
• Theories /etiology – BPS
• Premorbid personality
• Brain changes – structural, histopathological and
physiological

3. • The history of classification
• • Kraepelin
• • Bleuler
• • Schneider

7. B I O L O G I C A L

16. P S Y C H O - S O C I A L

18. T H E O R I E S

21. S U M M A R Y

23. • Mechanism of different symptoms: positive, negative. Executive
functional decline, smooth eye pursuit disturbances etc
• Schizophrenia type 1& 2 or A& B
• Intermediate phenotypes

27. B - S N I P C O N S O R T I U M
• Smooth pursuit eye tracking deficits are intermediate phenotype
for schizophrenia and possibly for psychotic disorders more
broadly.
• The Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes
(B-SNIP) consortium
• Probands with schizophrenia (N=265), schizoaffective disorder
(N=178), psychotic bipolar disorder (N=231), their first-degree
relatives (N=306, N=217, N=273, respectively) and healthy
controls (N=305) performed pursuit tracking tasks designed to
evaluate sensorimotor and cognitive/predictive aspects of pursuit.

28. The Andreasen model adapted from Andreasen
(2000)

30. • Functional brain abnormalities
• functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
positron emission tomography (PET)
• working memory and episodic memory because they
represent areas of cognition; disrupted in patients with
schizophrenia
• known to rely on gray matter regions (frontal lobes and
hippocampus) that are compromised.

31. • Functional brain abnormalities (cont.)
• "default mode network” (DMN) that includes
ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and
angular gyrus/inferior parietal lobe (Raichle et al.,
2001).

32. • Functional brain abnormalities (cont.)
• In healthy subjects, greater suppression of DMN
activity during task performance is associated with
better performance and greater task-related activity
and functional connectivity on working memory and
other tasks (Kelly et al., 2008). Schizophrenia patients,
as well as their first-degree relatives, may show a lack
of the normal suppression of DMN activity during a
working memory task (Whitfield-Gabrieli et al., 2009).

33. Histopathological changes

38. Premorbid deficits

40. R E F E R E N C E S
• https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/sridharlrao1993/etiology-of-schizophrenia-51538525
• Karlsgodt KH, Sun D, Cannon TD. Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in
Schizophrenia. Current directions in psychological science. 2010;19(4):226-231.
doi:10.1177/0963721410377601
• Orellana G, Slachevsky A. Executive Functioning in Schizophrenia. Frontiers in
Psychiatry. 2013;4:35. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00035.
• Lencer, R., Sprenger, A., Reilly, J. L., McDowell, J. E., Rubin, L. H., Badner, J. A., ...
Sweeney, J. A. (2015). Pursuit eye movements as an intermediate phenotype across
psychotic disorders: Evidence from the B-SNIP study. Schizophrenia Research, 169(1-
3), 326-333. 10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.032
• Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology Schizophrenia, Abel Lajtha,
Daniel Javitt, Joshua Kantrowitz . ISBN: 978-0-387-30365-9.