2. .................................................................
Perkembangan jalur transportasi dan perdagangan
internasional di Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan dari
masa ke masa. Sejarah jalur transportasi dan
perdagangan di tanah air mengalami perkembangan sejak
zaman kerajaan di Nusantara, era kolonial, kemerdekaan,
hingga sekarang ini. Kepulauan Indonesia atau Nusantara
terletak di antara dua benua yakni Asia-Australia, dan
dua samudera yakni Hindia-Pasifik. Dengan begitu, bisa
dikatakan bahwa Indonesia berada di posisi silang
antara empat unsur tersebut.
4. Sebagai negara maritim, nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia
dikenal sebagai pelaut ulung. Kaum pelaut sangat
mengandalkan kapal sebagai alat transportasi untuk
melakukan perjalanan laut alias pelayaran. Menurut buku
Posisi Strategis Indonesia Sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia
(2019:39-40) karya Nurbidawati, bukti pertama yang
menunjukkan orang-orang Indonesia memanfaatkan kapal
dalam jalur transportasinya terlihat pada relief di Candi
Borobudur. Di relief candi Buddha yang terletak di
Magelang, Jawa Tengah, itu, tampak gambar yang
menggambarkan kehidupan nenek moyang di masa lalu, yakni
perahu atau kapal orang Nusantara yang sudah pernah
sampai ke Madagaskar, Afrika.
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5. ● Bukan hanya itu, salah satu kapal yang disebut “pinisi” asal
Sulawesi Selatan juga menjadi bukti pemanfaatan jalur transportasi
laut Indonesia. Kemudian, perkembangan terjadi ketika bangsa asing
datang dan Indonesia mendapat pengetahuan baru terkait teknologi
navigasi dan pelayaran. PT. PAL Indonesia yang bernaung di bawah
Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) misalnya. Pada masa kolonial Hindia
Belanda, perusahaan ini merupakan bengkel reparasi kapal yang
didirikan pada 1823 oleh V.D. Capellen dengan nama NV. Nederlandsch
Indische Industri. Setelah itu, dikutip dari website PT PAL,
perusahaan berubah nama menjadi Marine Establishment (ME) yang
diresmikan oleh Pemerintah Belanda pada 1939. Setelah kemerdekaan
tahun 1945, Pemerintah Indonesia menasionalisasi perusahaan ini dan
mengubah namanya menjadi Penataran Angkatan Laut (PAL). Kemudian
pada tanggal 15 April 1980, berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor
4 Tahun 1980, status perusahaan berubah dari Perusahaan Umum
menjadi Perseroan Terbatas. Kini, PT PAL Indonesia (Persero)
memproduksi berbagai kapal unggulan untuk kepentingan negara demi
memperlancar perdagangan domestik serta internasional.
7. Letak Indonesia yang berada di posisi silang membuat kawasan Nusantara dilalui oleh
para pelaut dari berbagai negeri, baik untuk berdagang atau sekadar transit.
Kegiatan perdagangan di Indonesia disokong oleh fasilitas transportasi laut yang
sudah disiapkan oleh negara. Namun, konsekuensi bagi para pelaut asing yang ingin
datang nantinya, harus meminta izin terlebih dahulu.
Baik perdagangan domestik maupun internasional, kini Indonesia sudah menyiapkan
program tol laut yang menyediakan harga lebih murah. Tentu, ini akan memberikan
keefektifan yang lebih dan bisa menurunkan biaya jalan.
Dengan begitu, bukan hanya pedagang dari pulau ke pulau Indonesia lainnya saja
yang akan diuntungkan, namun juga pedagang asing yang menjual dagangannya di
jalur perairan Indonesia.
8. Berikut ini adalah berbagai jalur transportasi dan perdagangan
internasional Indonesia saat ini:
1.Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) adalah alur laut yang
ditetapkan sebagai alur untuk pelaksanaan Hak Lintas Alur Laut
Kepulauan berdasarkan konvensi hukum laut internasional. Di Indonesia,
terdapat ALKI I (Selat Sunda), ALKI II (Selat Lombok), dan ALKI III
(Selat Ombai-Wetar).
2.Indonesia terletak pada posisi silang di antara Benua Asia dan
Australia, serta di antara Samudra Pasifik dan Samudra Hindia. Lokasi
ini menguntungkan Indonesia karena menjadi inti jalur perdagangan lalu
lintas dunia dan menjadi jalur transportasi negara-negara lain.
3.Jalur laut adalah jalur yang paling efisien untuk mengangkut barang
dalam jumlah besar.
9. 4.Indonesia terletak di jalur strategis perdagangan internasional yang
disebut jalur sutra laut, yaitu dari Tiongkok dan Indonesia, melalui
Selat Malaka ke India.
5. Berkaitan dengan jalur perdagangan laut, pemerintah Indonesia
memiliki rencana membangun tol laut. Tujuannya adalah untuk meratakan
distribusi orang, barang maupun jasa melalui jalur laut ke seluruh
Indonesia dengan biaya terjangkau dan efisien.
Saat ini sudah ada 13 trayek tol laut di Indonesia. Dari 13 trayek
yang ada, 11 di antaranya berada di kawasan timur Indonesia. Adapun
dua trayek sisanya berada di kawasan barat Indonesia.
10. Selesai sudah presentasi kelompok kami hari
ini,seperti kamu dan dia yang selesai tanpa
pernah dimulai..”
TERIMA KASIH
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14. Basic human needs
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
50%
35%
15%
Mercury
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
Mars
Saturn
Mars is actually a
very cold place
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
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18. The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s
86,000 km
Distance from Earth to the Moon
19. Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s hot and has a
poisonous atmosphere
Lesson 1: human needs
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System— it’s
a bit larger than the Moon
Food Sleep
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21. Try with a timeline
A B C D
Mercury
It’s the
closest planet
to the Sun
Mars
Mars is
actually a very
cold place
Venus
Venus is the
second planet
from the Sun
Neptune
It’s the
farthest planet
from the Sun
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22. Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Mars is actually a very
cold place
50% 80%
Try some percentages
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23. Explain it with a diagram
A B
Mars
Mars is actually
a very cold place
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
Mercury
Earth
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25. Here you have six columns
Mercury
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mars
Mars is actually a
very cold place
It’s the biggest
planet of them all
Jupiter
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
Saturn Neptune
It’s the farthest
planet from the Sun
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26. Three columns
Despite being red,
it’s actually a cold
place. It’s full of
iron oxide dust
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest one
in the Solar System
Venus has a
beautiful name and
is the second planet
from the Sun
Mercury Venus Mars
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29. Main topics
Despite being red,
it’s actually a cold
place. It’s full of
iron oxide dust
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest one
in the Solar System
Venus has a
beautiful name and
is the second planet
from the Sun
Mars
Mercury Venus
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30. We love diagrams!
Mars
Mars is actually
a very cold place
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Venus has a
beautiful name
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32. You can use five columns
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Saturn
It’s the biggest
planet of them all
Mars
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
Jupiter
Mars is actually a
very cold place
Mercury
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33. Exercise
Identify the basic human needs. Join with arrows
Venus
Mars is actually
a very cold place
Mercury
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
Venus has a
beautiful name
Mars
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34. You can speak a bit about
this person here
You can speak a bit about
this person here
Our students
Daniela Jones Nomi Marks
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36. Four columns
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Jupiter
It’s the biggest in
the Solar System
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
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37. This is a graph
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
55%
45%
Mars
Mars is actually a very
cold place
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
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2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
“Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place”
“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
“Neptune is the
farthest-known
planet from the Sun”
“Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings”
“Venus is the
second planet from
the Sun and is
terribly hot”
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63. “Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
TITLE 1
75% “Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
75%
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