This document provides an introduction to a thesis on dementia. It discusses dementia including the main types and symptoms. Memory loss is one of the earliest symptoms. Dementia is progressive and gets worse over time. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but there is no cure for progressive dementias like Alzheimer's. Prevention focuses on lifestyle factors like exercise, diet, and avoiding risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The scope of the research is to explore socio-cultural issues affecting access to dementia diagnosis and support services for the South Asian population in a specific area. It aims to understand the impacts of dementia on the economic and social aspects of this community.

1. Running Head: DEMENTIA 1
1.0: Iintroduction to dementia
In this chapter I will first introduce the research topic dementia, its signs, and symptoms.
This will then be followed by discussion of the scope of this thesis, and consequences of living
with dementia. Equally, I will describe my personal and professional journey which prompted
me to undertake a Ph.D. and how this assisted me to shape the focus of my Ph.D. topic. Lastly,
the chapter will conclude with an overview of the thesis.
Dementia refers to a broad category of diseases which cause a long-term effect to the
brain and frequently a gradual decrease in one’s ability to think and deterioration in other mental
functions (Burns et al., 2006). Other than mental illness, it can also be caused by injuries which
result in a progressive dysfunction of both the cortical and sub-cortical functions as well as the
loss of an individual’s cognitive ability as a result of physical and chemical changes of the brain.
Dementia is one of the progressive diseases which get worse with time although for others it
takes several years to reach a critical stage. Furthermore, the rate of progression largely depends
on the underlying cause (Victor, 2010).
There are 4 main types of dementia. They include; Alzheimer’s, Lewy body, front
temporal lobe and vascular dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is believed to be caused by building
up of tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain. Lewy body is caused by abnormal proteins which
appear in the brain’s nerve cells thus impairing its functioning (Whitworth & Whitworth, 2010).
Vascular dementia is caused by bleeding in the brain as a result of a stroke. Frontotemporal
dementia is believed to be caused by damaging or shrinking of the brain. Each type of dementia
is concerned with specific brain cell damage that is, affecting a particular section of the brain. In

2. DEMENTIA 2
accordance with that, memory loss is one of the earliest symptoms with are associated with
dementia (Bartlett, 2010). The mai reason for that is because it is a brain disease which induces a
slow decrease in resoning and thinkng skills
Clinically, it has been discovered that people experience different developmental stages
of dementia. Regardless of that, the signs and symptoms of dementia are the same in a large
percentage of people who have contracted this memory disorder. Dementia always results in the
deterioration of the cognitive function (Burns et al., 2006). This is to say that it leads to slight
but quantifiable and noticeable decrease in an individual’s cognitive abilities which incorporates
memory and thinking skills. Dementia to a large extent affects individual’s language, thinking,
learning capacity, judgment, and memory and not his or her consciousness (Victor, 2010).
Therefore, this indicates that the impairment of the cognitive functions of a parson is mostly
attributed to the emotional, motivational, and social behavioural deterioration.
1.1: Symptoms and effects of dementia
 Symptoms associated with the disease, dementia, are considered to have a
significant variance. However, various medical researches that have been carried
out about the effects of dementia reveal that there are several mental impairments
which are associated with it (Whitworth & Whitworth, 2010). These include;
 Memory loss
 Visual concepts
 Communication aspects
 Language (Whitworth & Whitworth, 2010)

3. DEMENTIA 3
Most of the identified dementias are considered to be progressive. Similarly, the
symptoms associated with it begin slowly and eventually become futile. The brain is associated
with the possession of various distinct sections which have a responsibility for performing
different functions including judgment, movement, and memory (Whitworth & Whitworth,
2010). Therefore, when there is damage to specific cells regarding a given region, then the region
becomes inefficient and therefore it functions poorly. In case an individual experiences memory
challenges, it is vital for such a person to seek immediate medical attention (Dong, 2017).
Determining the main cause dementia is the first strategy for enhancing better treatment.
1.2: Treatment for dementia
The changes in the chemical nature of the brain, which are also a clear sign of the
development of dementia, are sometimes considered to be permanent or progressive over time
(Schüssler & Lohrmann, 2017). This is to say that the medical attention given to the patient
suffering from dementia largely relies on it cause. Therefore, giving it first clinical priority
means that some of the conditions regarding the changes in the chemical nature of an
individual’s brain may be reduced considerably (Kitwood et al., 2007). There is no specific test
is used in the determination of dementia in individuals. The identification of the existence of the
disease in a person is done by a person's history through medical aspects, physical examination,
and the common characteristic changes in association with the art of thinking and the
mannerisms about each kind (Fogel & Greenberg, 2014). To some extent, it can be difficult for
clinician to carry out an identification of the exact type of dementia that an individual is suffering
from (Downs & Bowers, 2014). The reason for that is because the identified symptoms and the
changes of the brain can at times overlap (Dong, 2017, P. 98-105).

4. DEMENTIA 4
Treatment of dementia is dependent on the various causes. In cases where there is the
issue of progressive dementia including Alzheimer's illness, there is no any cure or treatment
which can slow down or halt its progression. However, because of the appreciation for research
and science, there are various drugs, such as bupropin, trazodone, and haloperidol, and
associated procedures that can be utilized by the patient to improve the identified symptoms
temporarily (Douglas, 2016). The same type of medication is used broadly in all kinds of
dementia. However, there are no particular drugs that are associated with healing dementia. On
the other hand, there are no non-drug related therapies that can be used to alleviate any of the
symptoms identified (Bartlett, 2010).
Ultimately, active process of treating various types of dementia is via the utility of
increased research funding and also greater participation in the studies related to clinical matters.
Genetics and age are some of the risk factors that significantly make an individual to be
vulnerable to contacting dementia (Cox, 2007). According to research, elderly people at the age
of 60 years and above are the ones who are more prone to these risk factors i.e. age, genetic, and
environmental, although they may not be main cause of dementia (Tanaka et al., 2001). These
factors cannot be changed as they are naturally in existence. The researches will are currently
underway are aimed at boosting the examination of the effects of other factors that might pose a
risk to the brain. These risk factors are those ones which pose health problems and also
preventing the implementation of the various measures aimed at reducing the chances of
individuals developing dementia. Several researches indicate that diet, physical fitness, and
cardiovascular-related factors are some of the prevention measures which also need to be taken
into consideration by patients (Desai, 2010).

5. DEMENTIA 5
Nonetheless, the brain of an individual is nourished by one of the body's richest network;
the blood vessels. Anything that is involved in the damage of blood vessels in any place in the
body can also cause damage to the brain blood vessels hence depriving the concerned brain cells
necessary nourishment and oxygen (Tame, 2014). Also, these changes are also associated with
numerous changes as discussed in section 1 that are brought about by other kinds of dementia
which includes Alzheimer's illness and Lewy body. These changes include language, thinking,
learning capacity, judgment, and memory. The sweeping changes may, therefore, lead to other
chemical interactions i.e. food and drugs, which in return cause quicker decline of their normal
functioning (Weiner et al., 2009). Since several difficulties are encountered during the
administering of the right treatment as discussed above, it is vital to come up with a plan that will
delay the age of onset i.e. 60 years and above (Dong, 2017, P. 98). The effect that age has on
cognitive development is taken to be extremely futile. It is vital to have a clear understanding of
various danger elements associated with severe cognitive ageing-related development.
1.3: Prevention measures
One can prevent dementia by the utility of measures that are used to prevent heart
diseases like avoiding smoking, taking various steps to maintenance the right blood pressure
limits, and maintaining a healthy weight (Isaacson, 2011). Regular physical exercise is also
essential in preventing an individual from contracting dementia. The effectiveness of this is that
it helps in the lowering various risks factors which are associated with the various types of
dementia mentioned above. Research reveals that regular exercise directly benefits the identified
brain cells by making an increment in the blood and oxygen flow to the brain (Pathy, 2006).
Also, what an individual eats has a significant effect on the health of the brain via its impacts on
the heart healthy (Isaacson, 2011). Heart-related healthy eating patterns like the Mediterranean

6. DEMENTIA 6
diet are involved in the protection of the brain. A Mediterranean meal is one that includes
relatively red meat in small quantities. It emphasises whole grains, vegetables, and fruits.
Living with dementia is considered to having the probability of impacting on a person in
various aspects like social, economic; and psychological. It is vital to perform the following
program-like community-based respite program-with the aim of increasing one's awareness of
what it feels like to be living with dementia (Rhonda, 2014). It provides a brief explanation of
the means an individual can use in offering support and other health intervention measures to
people with dementia. Furthermore, it allows them to have clear insight on how to live
appropriately with these conditions. The reason for that is because the manner in which an
individual with dementia experiences emotions and life is something which has to be given
greater medical attention.
Apart from the symptoms, there are also other conditions that play a crucial role in the
modelling of an individual's experiences with dementia. They include the identified relationships
the individual has, their surrounding, and the designated support they gain from medical
professionals and their families (Pathy, 2006). Regardless of an individual’s mental capacity and
age, personal relationships and his or her surrounding are considered to be central to the art of
life. Caregivers together with friends and family can assist an individual living with dementia to
experience value and sense of belonging. This is attained through the provision of physical,
emotional, or mental support is relatively crucial in not only promoting their well-being but also
helping them in meeting their health care requirements (Bartlett, 2010).
When offering support to a person who has dementia, it is important to provide
comprehensive explanation about the effects that condition has on the health of a person living

7. DEMENTIA 7
with dementia (Mulvenna & Nugent, 2010). This includes creating awareness on how these
conditions might alter his or her reasoning, feelings, emotions, and so on. This is because it has
been clinically proven that these changes greatly impact the manner in which an individual acts
(Whitworth & Whitworth, 2010). Therefore, such a step will be beneficial if the caregiver is
more supportive while trying to gather adequate information about the behavioural changes of a
person with dementia as far as probable. Since each person has unique life history, likes,
personality, and dislikes, it is vital to base one's focus on what the individual still does, possess,
and so on and not on what he or she have lost (Pathy, 2006, P. 50-52). It is also essential to base
one's focus on what the person experiences rather than what they can consider memorable. As
discussed earlier in this chapter, dementia has many impacts, as a result of that, the majority of
individuals end up experiencing memory challenges and other associated health issues. In spite
of all these, an individual can still regain some of his or her capabilities, and will still experience
an emotional link between people, their surroundings.
As noted above, dementia is a disease which development and growth take place
over an extended period of time approximated to be 20 to 30 years. The attempts that are
involved in the identification of various risk factors take into consideration the identified period
and also the false start which features dementia (Bartlett, 2010). Apart from age, genetically
predisposing factors, and environmental factors, and behavioral risk elements are also other
dementia triggering factors. The only disadvantage of these factors is that they are not consistent
and they lack specificity (Zandi, 2009, 52). This is because clinically, people experience
different developmental stages of dementia. Equally, as discussed each type of dementia is
concerned with specific brain which is affected.

8. DEMENTIA 8
1.4: The scope of this research
According to the report published by the World Health Organization (WHO), at least
61,600 cases of people live with dementia are recorded each year (Atkins, 2015). This figure is
anticipated to rise to about 1535.5m by the end of the year 2020. This means that dementia is
also one of the global health ailments which have been given a huge global health priority. This
is coupled with the fact that there has been a significant interest on both the national and
international level to come up with strategies which are aimed at improving the lives of
individuals living with dementia. Moreover, it is essential, therefore, to ensure that all strategies
to be used by various healthcare organisations in controlling and curbing this disease have been
efficiently and appropriately implemented (James, 2011). Additionally, in order to ensure that
the causes of dementia have been successfully prevented, it is essential to perform it on the basis
of the national strategies to be formulated or already implemented. The reason for that is
because, as discussed in detail in chapter 2, each country has its own demographic and thus the
needs of individuals vary. Thus, the strategies to be used at the national level should take into
consideration the relevant information as well as the support which is related to the needs of
dementia individuals and their communities as a whole.
With the introduction to personal centered approaches (Kitwood 1997), placing the
person with dementia at the core of research and service development, there has been a shift
toward understanding dementia in term of psychological and social factors that directly impact
an individual’s experience with dementia and the health care attention given to someone with
dementia. Kitwood (1997) highlights the importance of constructing dementia and dementia
service in line with the lived experience of a person with dementia, and the impacts of the
negative and positive interaction on individuals with dementia.

9. DEMENTIA 9
Existing researches indicate that there is insufficient information regarding the
experiences about dementia and even more so for people from ethnic minority group which will
be discussed in detail in chapter 3. As a result of that, the main focus is on caregivers to obtain
clear information about their reasoning with this disease. Another issue associated with this is
that there is the widespread lack of knowledge amongst community members about the
difference between dementia and normal part of ageing. Although research documents the
existence of stigma, there is no clear information about the impacts of this on the experience of
dementia. The existing research identifies the need for more exploration of South Asian
community experience of dementia, the impact of negative culture attitudes, such as stigma and
the economic and political driven medical world underpin access to dementia diagnosis and
related support services within the South Asian population. The reason these considerations is
because stigma context is something which has been extensively criticised in the process of
addressing countless social forces which aid in promoting individual exclusion from everyday
life. This thesis expounds on the concept of stigma and system world through tying it with other
multi-faceted aspects of the societal world for example rejection and stereotyping (which will be
discussed in detail in chapter 3 and later in chapter 4 on theoretical framework underpinning this
research).
Conversely, during the initial conception of this research, the reviews of literature
conducted with respect to this disease were somehow poor and not detailed as expected (see
chapter 3 for detail discussion). In light of this, still, there was a small percentage of background
information and knowledge regarding the needs of the South Asian community with respect to
dementia. The aim of this research study is to explore the socio-cultural issues underpinning the
processes which are being used to access the diagnosis of dementia as well as the related clinical

10. DEMENTIA 10
support services within the South Asian population in Blackburn with Darwen. In light of this,
this research study will explore the extent to which dementia have impacted their economic
healthcare sector and the aspects of their society at large.
Teddlie and Tashakkori (2009, p.116) proposed four criteria for developing a mixed-methods
research ideas: prior experiences, reactions to practical problems, findings from previous studies
and theoretical framework. This research project is informed by the following three criteria:
 Prior experiences – clinical, academic, and personal experience of working and being
from the South Asian community.
 Reactions to practical problems - liaison with local authority and NHS Memory
assessment clinic who were identifying the underrepresentation of south Asian
community to dementia service as an urgent health priority in the borough
 Results from previous research–previous project carried out in partnership between
Blackburn with Darwen Council and Lancaster University suggested the high level of
cognitive impairment the member of South Asian community but poor access to dementia
service.
1.5: Introduction to the thesis
The scope of this research is to move away from medical model of dementia to more
individualistic model of dementia. With respect to the theory of colonization, regarding the
lifeworld, the global system is the main hypothesis underpinning the thesis statement of this
research. This research will equally draws from the theory of stigmatization by Goffman. The
reason for that is because it is the one which will assist in describing the stigma attached to the
mental illness of the community in this context. As a result of that, the stigmatization theory will

11. DEMENTIA 11
extensively assists in providing concrete insight about the manner in which individuals living
with dementia together with their family ends up experiencing stigma within their community.
Conversely, this indicates that the thesis statement of this research study also identify the main
points of such a dilemma and then offer an adequate analysis from the perspective of the
colonization and stigma theory.
As illustrated by Herbamas, the private is a person’s habitus which is shared amongst
individuals who have similar background, for instance, education level, ethnicity, religious
beliefs, and social status. It is the space where community members meet, interacts, exchange
ideas, and opinions concerning their social problems which affect them to some extent, thus
forming political action. This makes it to be an avenue for open discussion in which political
totalitarianism is challenged. On the other hand, the public sphere gives rise to the self-governing
regime, which of course does not have the potential of shaping political action other than
weakening it. As a result of that, it is the experience of enlightenment which allows individuals
to realize political legitimation and action which is free from any political domination. This
illustrates that the public sphere has the ability of affecting social justice and action from the
political organizations in the process of balancing social order and politics.
Nevertheless, research illustrates that since social integration is enhanced by lifeworld,
mutual understanding of the shared practices, values, and norms is facilitated. The practices,
values, and norms which are shared by community members is something which is developed
and maintained via face-to-face interactions from time to time and within several societal groups.
The end result of this is a group or groups of people who have common and shared practices,
values, and norms which enable them to form families or communities. Since the adherences to
behavioural values and norms end up becoming problematic, there is the need of recognizing and

12. DEMENTIA 12
putting greater considerations on collective reasoning as opposed to individual reasoning.
Although this is a good step to take, it equally difficult and challenging to realize it in the
modern world which is largely influenced by the varied needs and interests of individuals.
Considering Habermas vision, those individuals who form part of the social collective groups are
the ones who are cultured by multifaceted interpretations and experiences. Therefore, this
suggests that people interact amongst each other depending on the shared mutual understanding
of a certain situation.
Because of the above considerations, it is vivid that the public sphere can also be
efficiently maintained through dialogue, discussion, acts of speech, and debate. As illustrated,
the cultural identity of an individual or communities is something which is established via
interactions between more than two conscious thoughts. Since shared interactions are
established or maintained with the aid of individual or communal collective actions, realizing
and recognizing their shared commitment and understanding is equally significant in this
context.
From the perspective of Habermas theory, the world system is perceived as to be
comprising of its own self-contained subcomponents i.e. money and powers. Typically, there
exist a number of universal patterns of the strategic action/s which assists in serving the interests
and needs of institutions and organizations. Such a system is normally shaped by the economy
(money) and the political state (power). The main objective of this two is to manipulate not only
the everyday societal life of people but also their community at large. Since all these do not
coincide with the objectives of the people, the strategic action/s of the world system are aimed at
achieving certain ends; power and money controls and dictates how people will be living in their

13. DEMENTIA 13
society. The governing system ideology is then instilled into the social reasoning of people
through various manipulative actions.
In our society the medical world retain great power i.e. bio medical model of dementia,
perceiving seeing the person with dementia as patient. There has been a shift toward
understanding dementia in term of psychological and social factors that directly impacting on the
experience of dementia and of caring for someone with dementia (Victor, 2010).
Better comprehension of several risk factors, in relation to the aspect of particularity, is
one of the identified life-related approach in which identified risk factors are analyzed before the
start of the disease system (Bartlett, 2010). As in the case of weight gain, other critical periods
which include childhood, midlife, adolescence, and early adulthood cannot be easily analyzed.
Typically, weight gain in the identified midlife stage is often considered to be another risk factor;
though at later ages. The reason for that is because incipient together with comorbidity is usually
coupled with various metabolic and behaviorally-related implementations which reduce the size
(Zandi, 2009, P. 52).
Trajectories or rather repeated assessments in association with other risk factors may not
only be involved in the improvement of danger stratification. However, they permit the analysis
of several rival hypotheses for example prevailing risk, identified threat-related critical times,
associated approaches and the period for its implementation in elements prior the start of the
disease (Bartlett, 2010). Whenever designated atherosclerotic degenerative stage is used to reveal
the main case of dementia, an estimation of entire risk factors may strictly be carried out through
utilizing individual longitudinal system (Cox, 2007, P. 54).

14. DEMENTIA 14
Socioeconomic associated factors, for example education aspects, are some of the factors
which have also been considered have to have the capacity of minimizing the danger associated
with this disease. The reason for that is because they have shown to be one of the alternatives
which can be used to assist people to withstand continuous brain pathology. The reason for that
is because some of the strategies which were being used before lacked actual creation of concise
the clinical cognitive related symptoms. Moreover, the main focus of the majority of modern
research related to dementia is on the identification of individuals who are considered to be at the
greatest risk (Cox, 2007, P.54).
1.6: Personal reflections
There is no doubt that my personal experience of caring for someone with mental health
condition was the single most significant factor in initially had before considering this Ph.D. it
was also the most challenging part of my journey towards realizing my dream. I had struggled to
balance the emotional aspect of caring for someone with mental illness and carrying out the
research.
I am the youngest child of three, born and raised in a small clustered South Asian
community in North West, England. In 2007, a family member was diagnosed with a mental
health condition. This initiated my interest to understand more about her condition which led me
to undertake my undergraduate in psychology with counseling and later Master in Psychology.
During this time I became the main source of health care service for her. The main reason for
that is because I had the first-hand personal experience on how mental health is viewed upon in
South Asian community and the impact of this on a person living with the condition.

15. DEMENTIA 15
Along with my personal experience, during my professional role, I realized that a large
percentage of people from the South Asian community had problems with accessing adequate
mental health care services. As a result of that, I have dedicated my career to improve access to
mental health service for this community. However, given the increasing epidemiology of
dementia, many people including members of the South Asian community could be either caring
for someone with dementia or living with dementia. By this time they would have absorbed the
cultural understanding of dementia and their journey would be affected by this construction of
dementia in the South Asian community. Nonetheless, being that I originally come from the
South Asian community, I passionately believe that I have the potential of improving access to
dementia services. In order to achieve that, it is essential to first understand the needs of the
South Asian community so as to be able to improve their understanding about dementia.
In connection to that, it should be noted that because of the predicted global lifestyle
changes, the kind of health care that individuals receive as they grow older have been greatly
impacted. Thus, in order to gain a clear understanding of these consequences and many more, a
more detailed discussion in connection with the provision of effective heath care to people with
dementia is essential. This research, therefore, integrates other information from the literature
review which was initially undertaken for the purpose of identifying certain diagnoses and
demographic details pertaining to the residents living with dementia in South Asian community.
1.7: Overview of the Thesis
This research thesis is sub-divided into eight chapters. A brief summary of each chapter is
provided as an introduction to the whole thesis.
Chapter one: Introduction to the research topic

16. DEMENTIA 16
Dementia is a form of disease which is mainly brought about the long-term effect of the
brain. It results into the decline in an individual’s ability to reason, think and memory loss. It is
caused by factors like illness, blockage of blood vessels of the brain, and the injury. All this
alters the chemical nature of the brain hence decreasing its normal functioning. As a progressive
disease, it depends on the underlying cause and equally it worsens with time i.e. can take a
couple of years to reach a critical stage.
Although all the four types of dementia develop differently, the end result of them all is
that they results in the deterioration of the cognitive function. The damaging of the brain cells
means that the affected region end up becoming inefficient and therefore it functions poorly.
Thus, this indicates that the impairment of the cognitive functions of a parson is mostly attributed
to the emotional, motivational, and social behavioural deterioration. On the other hand, since
older people are more vulnerable to contracting dementia because of their maturity, accentuation
on their exceptional health care needs ought to be given the first priority. This equally calls for
more research to be undertaken within the community in order to meet their health requirements
before the condition worsen for those who might have already contracted it (Kooten et al., 2017).
CHAPTER TWO: Background
Within this chapter, ageing is a term used to describe the process of getting old. As a
person continues to grow and age, his or her skin stores less fat underneath it and thus becomes
more slender and creates wrinkles. This in return makes the bones to be plainly visible (Ryan and
Coughlan, 2011). As the insusceptible framework becomes weaker and weaker, it makes it hard
for it to fight diseases as compared that of a youthful person (Ryan and Coughlan, 2011;

17. DEMENTIA 17
Johnson, 2005). Because of their weak indestructible framework, older people become more
susceptible to contracting dementia.
Within this context, it is perceived that about 3% of individuals at the age of 70–75 and
25% of individuals at the age of 85 years or more are living with dementia. This number is
expected to increase with the global increase in the number of aged individuals (Ferri et al.,
2005). Regardless of that, in our contemporary world, it has been recognised that more ageing
individuals have started to live longer and more beneficial lives contrasted with their precursors.
The main reason behind this is because of diminished death rates and increased life expectancy
which are all coupled with improved health care services (A.D.I, 2009; Yi et al., 2006).
CHAPTER THREE: Literature Review
This chapter mainly deals with the comprehension of dementia amongst the South Asian
Indian and Pakistanis. This chapter will, therefore, be aimed at addressing how various social
factors for instance qualifications, family structure, control, air, and reputation is assorted signs
of dementia, social character, ethnic personality, and ethnic qualities may influence the
experience of a person with dementia. Individuals with dementia should not be perceived from
the perspective of their disease; but rather as people who have the potential of expressing wishes
to their desires. According to Boyle (2011), perceiving individuals with dementia as being
incapable of expressing themselves and recovering from this condition as a result of their
neurological issue is one of the main causes of oppression in them.
Wang (2012) also contends that the lower level of cultural assimilation is the one which
has the ability of shaping the discernment and information of dementia in view of the socially
related convictions and qualities allocated to dementia by ethnic minorities. This may have the

18. DEMENTIA 18
capacity of influencing the level and type of help the EM group will seek to have so as to be able
to address this problem
CHAPTER FOUR: Theoretical Framework
In this section, Goffman's theory of stigmatization and Habermas' theory of colonisation
are theories that add to understanding socio-cultural issues supporting how diagnosis of dementia
is done and related bolster administrations are accessed in the South-Asian Indian and Pakistani
people group living in Blackburn with Darwen are recognized. Goffman's hypothesis of
stigmatization is not constrained to its discipline; rather, it reaches out to different disciplines, for
example, brain research, wellbeing and pharmaceutical, and criminology (Bos et al., 2013).
Habermas' hypothesis colonisation also includes a basic hypothetical viewpoint as it creates an
idea of reason in an emancipatory open act.
CHAPTER FIVE: Methodology
The purpose of this section is to portray the methodological strategies and techniques that
were used to carry out this research. From the objectives of the research, it is evident that there
are distinctive ontological, epistemological, and methodological suppositions underlying this
study. These assumptions can also be addressed through the subject of paradigm. The reason for
picking practicality as a research philosophy is because it assists in reflecting the analyst's
conviction about the issues surrounding the access to quality dementia health care services by the
South Asian community. By embracing this approach, the exploration did not confine itself to
one technique. Rather, it enables itself to be driven by the necessities of the objectives of the
researcher, the reason for the exploration, and the study limits, and setting (Johnson et al., 2007).
The mixed-method methodological approach proposes that the study ought to receive a different

19. DEMENTIA 19
approach in view of what is best for the research or an ideal approach to accomplish the study’s
objectives (Johnson et al., 2007).
CHAPTER SIX: Seeking help and access to dementia services: experiences of people from
the South Asian community.
The results of this section demonstrate that members, who were individuals from the
South Asian community, perceive dementia as a new ailment (see segment 6.2.3), with no
physical illness (see segment 6.2.4). Because of these perceptions, some credit its cause to other
worldly variables. The members' discourses highlighted their relationship to the feeling of their
own community. Therefore, they recommended that the groups’ social esteems and convictions
is what have extensively shaped a structure on the best way to live, and what apparently is proper
conduct, is impacted by their ancestors and nation of origin. Regardless of these views, the truth
is that people from the South Asian community have distinctive connections to the community's
social esteems and convictions, which is to some extent affected by their own particular level of
information and mastery in a given region.
CHAPTER SEVEN: Consequences of living with dementia
One consequence of the South Asian community comprehension of dementia is
individuals with dementia being defamed or rather stigmatized in the community. The members
perceived the disgrace coming about because of dementia and remarked that this influences the
choices of individuals in the South Asian community in regards to whether they get to dementia
administrations. Several HCPs illustrated that expelling the shame inside the South Asian
community would bring about a superior introduction of individuals from the South Asian
community to dementia administrations. The stigma appended to dementia leads to relatives

20. DEMENTIA 20
attempting to maintain a strategic distance from divulgence of that dementia by concealing or
rather hiding the sufferer.
CHAPTER EIGHT: Provision of health and social services
Most members remarked that entrance to dementia indicative administrations will
typically be because of the behavioral side effects (hostility and savagery) as they end up plainly
unmanageable by the family without proficient help. A relative of a person living with dementia
expressed that the reason as to why they are motivated to seek dementia services was because of
the savage conduct of the relative living with dementia, which had turned out to be hard to
oversee. Individuals in the South Asian community will just look for help to acquire a dementia
diagnosis keeping in mind the end goal of beginning therapeutic treatment.
CHAPTER NINE: Discussion
From this research, it is, therefore, evident that people experience different developmental stages
of dementia. Individual’s language, thinking, learning capacity, judgment, and memory is what is
mainly affected by this disease. The various health care attentions that a person with dementia is
given mainly depend on the underlying cause. Therefore, determining the main cause dementia is
the first strategy for enhancing better treatment.
Moreover, the findings of this research indicate that older people are the one who are more
vulnerable to dementia. As noted, living with dementia is considered to having the probability of
impacting on a person in various aspects like social, economic; and psychological. Another issue
associated with this is that there is the widespread lack of knowledge amongst community
members about the difference between dementia and normal part of ageing.

21. DEMENTIA 21
CHAPTER TEN: Conclusion
The findings of this thesis indicate that the understanding of the general public about dementia is
typically a paradoxical one. The widespread use of various hypotheses is the framework for
gathering and communicating such an understanding. There is also a lasting argument that
dementia is somehow a community metaphor for the ageing population. This research, therefore,
takes into account various intertwined factors which are associated with the needs of the patient
to the emotional responses of the public to their own.
Nevertheless, the present literature as well as the findings from this thesis illustrates the manner
in which the community understands dementia is the one which assists in shaping our
experiences about it. The involvement of all community members is the one which enhances
better clinical intervention.

22. DEMENTIA 22
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