Presentation for the Greater Boston Selenium User group covering the use of Page Objects in web based automation.

1. CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2008 Constant Contact, Inc. 1 Using Page Objects in Selenium Eric Getchell Quality Engineering Manager Donna Reardon Principal Quality Engineer

2. CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 2 Record and Playback What are Utility Classes and how are they used in testing? What is a Page Object? Some Advantages of Page Objects Re-usability Maintainability Productivity Gains How to create a Page Object Demo Q & A

4. Does NOT scale for 1k’s of tests, or even 100’s.

5. Not easy to re-use a scenario as part of a larger user story.

6. Requires a large amount of copy/paste to develop each test scenario.Perform a query for “Smith” in the last name field. Perform a query for “Smith in the last name field, and “John” in the first name field. CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 3

7. Utility Classes Utility classes typically contain methods that are used often in your testing. It might contain methods for writing to a log file, writing to an event log, or parsing a data file. Methods can easily be duplicated across classes and hard to find inside large util classes. com.roving.taf.utility.NowString() com.roving.taf.utility.getCurrencyString(numberToConvertToString) CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 4

8. What is a Page Object? Page Objects are a representation of a web page. All elements seen on the web page can be interacted using their respective methods in the page object. Page Objects are classes that allow you to abstract the functionality from the GUI, removing the need for your tests to expose UI components. PageObject: app.addUser() BrowserObject: Window(“App”).button(“Add”).click() Application logic is then scripted in classes specific to your test scenarios. PageObjects + Test Code = scripted business logic CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 5

10. Exposes methods for actions in the UI, such as

11. UserRegistration.getFullname();

12. UserRegistration.setLastname();

13. Consolidates code specific to UI elements

14. getFullname() is found on User Registration page, not TemplatePicker page.

15. Not tied to a specific framework

16. Can be used in Selenium, Webdriver, QTP, etc.CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 6

18. Allows for other -ilities, maintainability, re-useability, etc. public static final String TEXT_loginName = "username"; public static final String TEXT_loginPassword = "password"; CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 7

20. Constants can be used and overloaded, depending on the data requirements or test case behavior.

21. Hashmaps can be used as constants to prepopulate methods – and subsequently overloaded to replace values for different test scenariosselectColor(String color) public static booleanselectColorBlue() throws Exception { return selectColor("blue"); } CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 8

23. This allows for testers to quickly update their test scenarios.

24. The alternative would be to find all test scenarios that use the login() and update them individually.

25. Makes tests less brittle by writing tests with code that allows for exception catching/conditionalizingCONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 9

27. Test development is more simplistic and can be data driven

28. Reusability of multiple Page Objects allow for user flows to be scripted more quickly

29. Test code is more readableCONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 10

30. The Advantages of Page Objects Example Productivity Increases through Re-Use and Maintainability ** LoginViaAPI has 454 References In Test Cases ** com.roving.taf.pages.UI.loginViaAPI(PARAM_username, PARAM_password); public static void loginViaAPI(String userName, String password, booleanonFailLogCritical) throws Exception { Rpt.info("UI Login via API Being Attempted - " + userName + " / " + password); com.roving.taf.pages.api.APIs.apiLogin(userName, password); isUserLoggedIn(onFailLogCritical); } CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 11

31. Page Objects In Use – How to create a Page Object Start by … Run Firebug (Firefox plugin) to inspect elements Create a class in a package that has a logical name (lp.login). Declare a variable with the definition obtained from Firebug Have a defined naming convention Add methods to interact with newly defined objects. Consider exception handling for all methods Consider constants for data that does not change frequently Consider constants for expected error messages Consider standardized methods for commonly used actions, such as “goToPage” Consider collaboration with Development for object ID’s (for example all elements need to have an ID) Overloading methods for variability in testing Consider using the Page Title as a variable/constant to be used for page validation As a rule, do not put assertions in page classes (they belong in the test code) Create test code to reference page object methods Reference the objects through methods For additional information please visit… http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/PageFactory CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 12

32. Appendix slides… CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 13

33. Hashmap constant used in a method /* This Hashtable contains all of the calculations on the billing selections page. */ public static Hashtable<String, Double> calcPrepayProdPrice(String em,Stringsurvey,Stringevm,Stringih,Stringarchive,intprepayTerm,StringdiscountPct,doubletaxRate) throws Exception{ Hashtable<String, Double> prodPrice = new Hashtable<String, Double>(); prodPrice.put("em", new Double(emDouble)); prodPrice.put("evm", new Double(evmDouble)); prodPrice.put("survey",new Double(surveyDouble)); prodPrice.put("ih",new Double(ihDouble)); prodPrice.put("archive",new Double(archiveDouble)); prodPrice.put("total", new Double (prodPrice.get("em")+prodPrice.get("evm")+prodPrice.get("survey")+prodPrice.get("ih")+prodPrice.get("archive"))); prodPrice.put("prepayDiscount",new Double(calculatePrepayDiscountVerifySel(prodPrice.get("total"),discountPct))); prodPrice.put("subtotal",new Double(calculateSubTotal(prodPrice.get("total"),discountPct))); BigDecimal Subtotal = new BigDecimal(prodPrice.get("subtotal")); BigDecimalPrepayterm = new BigDecimal(prepayTerm); BigDecimal Tax = new BigDecimal(taxRate); BigDecimal value; /* * Tax is calculated as such: * SubTotal / PrePayTerm = x 189 / 6 = 31.5 * x * taxRate = y rounded up 31.5 * .0625 = 1.96875 rounded up to 1.97 * y * PrePayTerm = Total Tax 1.97 * 6 = 11.82 -> Total Tax */ prodPrice.put("salesTax",new Double (value.doubleValue())); prodPrice.put("totalPlusTax",new Double(prodPrice.get("subtotal") + prodPrice.get("salesTax"))); prodPrice.put("avgMonthlyCost",prodPrice.get("totalPlusTax")/prepayTerm); prodPrice.get("salesTax"); return prodPrice; } CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Constant Contact, Inc. 14