21st century lesson 1

1. 21st CENTURY
PREPARED BY: MS. ERIEL AMOSIN

2. GRAPHIC, LINGUISTIC, AND
ETHNIC DIMENSIONS OF
PHILIPPINE LITERARY
HISTORY
LESSON 1

3. HEP! BEFORE WE START, TRY TO ANSWER
THIS BY RACING YOUR HANDS
1. Did you take up the novel Noli Me Tangere before? Why did
you think of it as a novel?
2. Why did Noli Me Tangere, a book that was banned in the
past, now a required reading in Philippine schools? Why
did Catholic Church go against making it a requirement?
3. Do you think that novels in the Philippines are as important
as they used to be when Noli Me Tangere was published in
1887? Are people still inspired by novels? How do you say
so?

4. WHAT IS LITERATURE?
The word literature is derived from the Latin term litera
which means letter. It has been defined differently by various
writers. These are the following:
Literature expresses the feelings of people to society, to the
government, to his surroundings, to his fellowmen, and to
his Divine Creator. (Brother Azurin)
Literature is anything that is printed as long as it is related
to the ideas and feelings of the people, whether it is true,
or just a product of one’s imagination. (Webster)

5. WHAT IS LITERATURE?
True literature is a piece of written work
which is undying. It expresses the feelings
and emotions of people in response to his
everyday efforts to live, to be happy in his
environment and, after struggles, to reach
his Creator” (PANITIKANG FILIPINO)

6. WHAT IS LITERATURE?
Literature deals with ideas, thoughts
and emotions of man, literature can be
said to be the story of man. Man’s loves,
griefs, thoughts, dreams and
aspirations coached in beautiful
language is literature.

7. WHAT IS LITERATURE?
In Panitikang Pilipino written by Atienza,
Ramos, Salazar and Nazal, it says that “true
literature is a piece of written work which is
undying. It expresses the feelings and
emotions of people in response to his
everyday efforts to live, to be happy in his
environment and, after struggles, to reach his
Creator.”

8. Literary
History/Evolution of the
Philippines
1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

9. LITERARY HISTORY/EVOLUTION OF
THE PHILIPPINES
The evolution of Philippine literature
depended on the influences of colonization
and the spirit of the age.
 The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA
was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
 Indigenous Philippine literature was based
on traditions and customs of a particular
area of the country.

10. LITERARY HISTORY/EVOLUTION OF
THE PHILIPPINES
 Philippines is an archipelago country, consisting
several islands, (7,641) islands to be exact), and each
of those islands has its specifications of cultures and
traditions, bearing different set of native literature.
 Ancient literatures were written on the perishable
materials like dried leaves, bamboo cylinder, and bark
of the trees.
 Literatures were handed down to us through the
word of mouth.

11. WRITTEN AND ORAL LITERATURE
There were two literary forms during the pre-colonial period:
A. Written literatures
Examples:
A. Riddles or bugtong- These are effective ways to inculcate
ability of logical thinking of a child.
B. Epigrams or salawikain- It reflects the hidden meaning
through the good lines. It provides good values.
C. Poems or tanaga – These are common forms of poetry
has a quatrine with 7 syllables each with the same rhyme at
the end of each line. It also expresses insights and lessons in
life.

12. WRITTEN AND ORAL LITERATURE
B. Oral literatures
Examples:
A. Chant- It is used in witchcraft and enchantment. While,
ambahan is a traditional poetry of Hanunoo Mangyans of
Oriental Mindoro which teaches lesson about life. It is recited
by parents to educate their children by the youth expressing
their love, by the old to impart experiences, or by the
community in tribal ceremony.
B. Balagtasan- This is a Filipino form of debate done in verse.
The term is derived from the surname of Francisco Balagtas
the author of Filipino epic Florante at Laura.