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Blockchain Technology
- 1. Goals Of This Conference 1.TO UNDERSTAND THE FUTURE OF SAVING DATA 2.TO RUN AGAINST OUR ENVIRONMENT 3.TO KNOW WHERE WE ARE AND WHERE WE ARE GOING TO BE 5.TO UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF A UNIQUE AND OPEN SOURCE WORLD Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 2. The History Of Saving Data #We should save our data because we live by them! ? Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 3. Centralized Databases VS. Distributed Databases #A DISTRIBUTED DATABASE, IS A DATABASE IN WHICH ALL THE INFORMATION IS STORED ON MULTIPLE PHYSICAL LOCATIONS #A CENTRALIZED DATABASE IS A DATABASE THAT IS LOCATED, STORED, AND MAINTAINED IN A SINGLE LOCATION Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 4. Decentralization Using Concept Peer-to-peer (P2P) is a decentralized communications model in which each party has the same capabilities and either party can initiate a communication session. Unlike the client/server model, in which the client makes a service request and the server fulfills the request, the P2P network model allows each node to function as both a client and server. Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 5. Storing Data Using Storage Storj is an open source project that aims to offer a completely decentralized, secure, and efficient cloud storage service, that also serves as a peer-to-peer payment system like Bitcoin Interplanetary file System is a protocol designed to create a permanent and decentralized method of storing and sharing files #Each file and all of the blocks within it are given a unique fingerprint called a cryptographic hash. #IPFS removes duplications across the network and tracks version history for every file #Each network node stores only content it is interested in, and some indexing information that helps figure out who is storing what #When looking up files, you're asking the network to find nodes storing the content behind a unique hash. #Every file can be found by human-readable names using a decentralized naming system called IPNS. Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 6. #A Blockchain is a continuously growing list of records, called blocks; is a decentralized and distributed digital ledger which are linked and secured using cryptography. Sharing As A Simplest Example Of How Blockchain Works This is Where The BLOCKCHAIN Comes In #Proof of Concept To better explain how blockchain technology can create a true peer-to-peer sharing economy, let’s look at the following example: Say you want to rent a car for a short trip from one side of town to the other. To do so, you could use a mobile app to identify vehicles that are available in your vicinity. Then, after verifying the digital identities of both yourself and the vehicle owner, you agree to terms and conditions, such as the fee and duration of the rental, and buy a micro-insurance policy covering the ride, via an immutable smart contract. Once the terms and conditions are agreed upon and the smart contract is created and verified, you can open the car using your smartphone and the payment is directly deducted from your digital wallet and transferred to the vehicle owner upon completing your trip. In this scenario, no central authority is needed to agree on transaction terms, verify payments or screen participants’ identities as all that would be handled by the distributed ledger technology underlying the transaction. Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 7. #Bitcoin is a type of unregulated digital currency Also known as a “cryptocurrency”, Bitcoin transactions are stored and transferred using a distributed ledger on a peer-to-peer network that is open, public and anonymous. Blockchain is the underpinning technology that maintains the Bitcoin transaction ledger The Bitcoin blockchain in its simplest form is a database or ledger comprised of Bitcoin transaction records. However, because this database is distributed across a peer-to-peer network and is without a central authority, network participants must agree on the validity of transactions before they can be recorded. This agreement, which is known as “consensus,” is achieved through a process called “mining.” + + Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 8. Who Uses This Technology A decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), sometimes labeled a decentralized autonomous corporation (DAC), is an organization that is run through rules encoded as computer programs called smart contracts. A DAO's financial transaction record and program rules are maintained on a blockchain DTube is a decentralized streaming video platform linked to Steemit (the decentralized social media) which allows users to upload videos easily and make money (or cryptocurrency) via the upvotes or likes on their post. Steemit is a social news service which runs a blogging and social networking website on top of a blockchain database, known as Steem A smart contract, also known as a cryptocontract, is a computer program that directly controls the transfer of digital currencies or assets between parties under certain conditions. These contracts are stored on blockchain technology, a decentralized ledger that also underpins bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Blockchain is ideal for storing smart contracts because of the technology's security and immutability. Ethereum is an open-source, public, blockchain-based distributed computing platform featuring smart contract (scripting) functionality Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 9. BLOCKCHAIN VS. Traditional Databases Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 10. If BLOCKCHAIN Is A Distributed Database Where Is The Data ? Blockchains are databases from a high-level view, but the underlying technology is different enough to make some assumptions inaccurate. An Excel file is also a database, but with characteristics unneeded/harmful for say, a NoSQL database. The data "is" on every full node. That is, every client replicates the entire blockchain. This is indeed inefficient, and future development is aimed towards removing this requirement. The official specification for the state (that is, the set of all contracts and accounts and their storage and balance) is a Merkle Patricia Tree. However, an individual node may implement it internally in whatever way it finds best. (geth uses levelDB for example.) Every full node has its own copy of the blockchain. The blockchain is stored, distributed, on every machine in the Bitcoin network being used to mine Bitcoin. This network is self-regulating and peer-to-peer. There is majority rule, meaning that if one node on the network no longer agrees with the other nodes it is kicked out of the network and will have to "resync" its data to be in agreement with the network Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 11. What We Can Do With This Technology Blockchains can be used for a wide variety of applications, such as tracking ownership or the provenance of documents, digital assets, physical assets, IOT, Streaming TV, digital identification system, crypto-currencies or voting rights. Blockchain technology was popularised by the Bitcoin digital currency system. But, essentially, a blockchain is just a special kind of database. The Bitcoin blockchain stores cryptographically signed records of financial transfers, but blockchain systems can store any kind of data. Blockchains can also store and run computer code called “smart contracts”. What makes a blockchain system special is that it doesn’t run on just one computer like a regular database. Rather, many distributed processing nodes collaborate to run it. There can be a full copy of the database on every node, and the system encourages all those nodes to establish a consensus about its contents. This boosts our confidence in the database and its contents. It’s difficult, if not impossible, to meddle with the database without others finding out and correcting it. The global consensus among the nodes about the integrity and contents of the distributed database is why it’s often called a “distributed ledger”. Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 12. Problems Of A Technology #MAIN PROBLEM Here’s the real problem. While your auditors would probably love you, you may not like what you find in your blockchain. Accidental transactions are permanent. Once added to the chain, transactions are there for life (unless you destroy the entire network). That means making sure what you put in your chain is truly what you want to keep there. Since every block is encrypted based on the previous block, undoing a block is impossible without a complete rollback of everything on every node to the point in time. Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS
- 13. Conclusion #What we should or shouldn’t do! #Who we are going to be! #Where is our place in blockchain future! Erfan Arefi UMZ_CS