1. Episodic
Memory
and
Appetite
Regulation
In
Humans
Study
Authors:
Jeffrey
F.
Brunstrom,
Jeremy
F.
Burn,
Nicola
R.
Sell,
Jane
M.
Collinwood,
Peter
J.
Rogers,
Laura
L.
Wilkinson,
Elanor
C.
Hinton,
Oliva
M.
Maynard,
&
Danielle
Ferriday
Presenter’s
name:
Emily
Seferovich

2. Study
Objective
and
Design
• Hypothesis:
Memory
manipulation
might
influence
post-­‐meal
hunger
and
fullness
and,
in
turn,
bias
the
“expected
satiation”
of
a
fixed
portion
of
soup
24-­‐hours
later
• Objective:
To
observe
and
highlight
the
potentially
important
role
for
episodic
memory
in
the
control
of
meal
size
and
appetite
regulation
in
humans.
• Design:
Participants
were
tested
in
a
Between
Subject-­‐Design
• Conditions:
• 1)
See
300mL,
eat
300mL
(Condition
1)
• 2)
See
300mL,
eat
500mL
(Condition
2)
• 3)
See
500mL,
eat
500mL
(Condition
3)
• 4)
See
500mL,
eat
300mL
(Condition
4)

3. About
the
Participants:
• 100
total
participants
(69
female,
31
male)
• 22
overweight,
5
obese,
73
normal
weight.
• Mean
BMI=23.4
(SD=3.46)
• Individuals
with
specialized
diet
needs
were
excluded
(vegetarian/vegan
diets
&
individuals
with
food
allergies)
• All
volunteers
were
students/faculty
of
the
University
of
Bristol
(SW
England),
recruited
via
email.

4. Adjustable
Soup
Bowl
Mechanism:

5. Procedure:
• Step
1:
Participants
were
set
to
attend
2
test
sessions
(roughly
24-­‐hours
apart)
• Step
2:
(Session
1)
Participants’
hunger
and
fullness
assessed
via
visual-­‐analogue
scales
(criteria
ranging
from
“no
hunger”
to
“extremely
hungry”).
• Step
3:
Based
upon
the
results
of
the
satiety
forum,
participants
were
distributed
into
one
of
the
four
Conditions
• Step
4:
Participants
of
each
condition
were
provided
with
soup
and
a
volume-­‐adjustable
soup
bowl
apparatus
(as
previously
shown)
• Step
5:
Post-­‐meal
satiety
was
gauged
again,
Participants
given
3
hunger
and
fullness
rating
scales
(1/hr).
• Step
6:
24
hours
later,
participants
shown
a
bowl
containing
400
mL
soup,
evaluated
its
Expected
Satiation,
then
completed
the
DEBQ.
• Step
7:
Patients
given
the
opportunity
guess
the
purpose
of
the
study
and
to
indicate
whether
or
not
they
perceived
the
soup
volumes
to
have
been
manipulated.

6. Hippocampal
Memory
• The
hippocampus
is
a
2-­‐pronged
region
of
the
medial-­‐
temporal
lobe
of
the
brain.
• Key
in
the
formation
of
episodic
memories
• Recent
research
indicates
that
the
Hippocampus
is
home
to
some
insulin
and
leptin
receptors

7. Data:
Baseline
and
participant
characteristics.
Brunstrom
JM,
Burn
JF,
Sell
NR,
Collingwood
JM,
et
al.
(2012)
Episodic
Memory
and
Appetite
Regulation
in
Humans.
PLoS
ONE
7(12):
e50707.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050707
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050707

8. Figure
2.
Estimated
marginal
means
(+/−
SEM)
for
hunger
ratings
(0–100
mm)
taken
0,
60,
120,
and
180
minutes
after
consuming
the
soup.
Brunstrom
JM,
Burn
JF,
Sell
NR,
Collingwood
JM,
et
al.
(2012)
Episodic
Memory
and
Appetite
Regulation
in
Humans.
PLoS
ONE
7(12):
e50707.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050707
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050707

9. Data:
expected
satiation
scores.
Brunstrom
JM,
Burn
JF,
Sell
NR,
Collingwood
JM,
et
al.
(2012)
Episodic
Memory
and
Appetite
Regulation
in
Humans.
PLoS
ONE
7(12):
e50707.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050707
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050707

10. Data:
Portion
size
estimates
(ml)
from
participants
who
saw
300
ml
or
500
ml
of
soup.
Brunstrom
JM,
Burn
JF,
Sell
NR,
Collingwood
JM,
et
al.
(2012)
Episodic
Memory
and
Appetite
Regulation
in
Humans.
PLoS
ONE
7(12):
e50707.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050707
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050707

11. Study
Conclusions:
• Participants
who
initially
saw
a
smaller
portion
of
soup
(day
1)
went
on
to
expect
the
400
mL
portion
to
be
relatively
less
satiating
(day
2).
• Participants
who
initially
saw
a
larger
portion
of
soup
(day
1)
went
on
to
expect
the
400
mL
portion
to
be
relatively
more
satiating
(day
2)
• 2&3
hrs.
post
meal,
hunger
was
no
longer
predicted
by
the
actual
amount
consumed,
regardless
of
serving
size.
• Differences
in
hunger
related
to
the
perceived
amount
at
the
beginning
of
the
meal.
• Satiety
is
influenced
by
memory
for
a
recently
consumed
meal

12. QUESTIONS?