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Vocabulary
1. Grand Strand Regional Medical Center
SpeechTherapyDepartmentIntern
ElizabethCox
NeedtoKnow Vocabulary
o AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication): All forms of communication other
than oral speech.
Aided AAC: Rely on the user’s body to convey the message such as body or sign
language
Unaided AAC: Requires the use of tools or equipment in addition to gestures or body
language ranging from paper/pencil to communication boards, or electronic devices to
create messages.
o Agnosia: Inability to recognize objects when using a specific sense such as visual, auditory,
and touch
o Agraphia: Inability to produce written language
o Amnesia: Loss of memory due to brain injury, shock or illness.
Anterograde: Loss of memories that were formed before the injury.
Retrograde: Loss of ability to form new memories after the injury.
Post Traumatic Amnesia: State of confusion immediately following traumatic brain
injury. During PTA the individual cannot store new events in memory or remember
events that occur after the injury and is often confused and disoriented.
o Anosogosia: The denial or unawareness of one’s neurological deficits
o Aphasia: Difficulty understanding, speaking, reading, and writing while cognitive function is
normally intact. Normally caused by damage to the left side of the brain
o Types:
Expressive: Have trouble speaking and writing; also known as Broca’s
Aphasia
Only able to say 1 or 2 words at a time
Have trouble thinking of the words they want to say
Leave words out of sentences
Have problems spelling
Have trouble putting together sentences that make sense
Receptive: Have trouble reading and understanding; also known as
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Only able to follow simple directions
Trouble following a conversation
Need to have information repeated
Need visual or touch cues to help them understand
Have trouble understanding what they read
Say word’s that don’t’ make sense but don’t know that others
can’t understand them.
Global: Have trouble with speaking, writing, reading, and understanding
o Aphonia: Loss of voice
2. o Apraxia: The inability to perform a movement or sequence of movements despite intact
sensation and understanding of the task; difficulty controlling mouth to speak clearly
o Mix up sounds in words
o Say the wrong sounds
o Say words and sounds differently each time
o Struggle to say sounds
o Articulation: Producing speech sounds
o Aspiration: Inhaling of a liquid or object into the airway
o Signs and Symptoms
Coughing after swallowing food or liquid
Throat clearing after swallowing food or liquid
Difficulty breathing (fast, slow, gurgling lung sounds)
A change in voice
Fever (dizzy, sweating, chill)
o Ataxia: Lack of coordination fine and gross motor activity
o Bolus: Mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing (after chewing).
o CABG: A surgical procedure that improves and restores normal blood flow to the heart for
people with coronary heart disease.
o Cerebrovascular Accident: Decreased blood flow to the brain caused by a blocked artery
that results in the death of brain cells, also known as a stroke.
o Cerebral Palsy: Neurological disorder that permanently affects body movement, muscle
coordination, and balance.
o Cognitive-Communication Disorders: Problems with memory, reasoning, problem-solving,
and attention
o Dysarthria: Slurred quiet speech caused by muscle weakness
o Dysphagia: Difficulty chewing and swallowing food and drink
Esophageal Dysphagia: Occurs when foods or liquids do not reach the stomach properly
commonly caused by the backing up of stomach acid into the esophagus due to reflux
problems making it harder for the esophagus to pass foods to the stomach.
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Difficulty with the initial stage of the swallowing process
resulting problems moving food from the front to the back of the mouth.
o Dysphasia: Impairment of speech due to brain damage.
o Dyspnea: Shortness of breath
o Edema: Medical term for swelling or when blood vessels release fluid into nearby tissues
o Embolus: A blood clot that has been carried in the blood stream and eventually lodges into
a blood vessel in a new location to cause a stroke
o Encephalopathy: General term for brain disease or brain damage; symptoms include
memory loss, altered mental state, personality changes, dementia, seizures, or coma.
o Endotracheal Intubation: A procedure in which a tube is placed into the trachea through
the mouth or nose to support breathing and open the airway to give oxygen.
o Fluoroscopy: X-ray study of moving body structures; used to watch a patient’s swallow.
o Hematoma: The collection of blood outside of the vessel most commonly due to damage to
the vessel wall. These look like bruises under the skin but can also happen in places that are
not visible.
3. o Hemorrhage: An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel; rapid, uncontrollable loss of
blood.
Brain Hemorrhage: Localized bleeding in the brain due to the bursting of an artery in
the brain. This causes swelling in the brain and increases the pressure in the brain,
which kills brain cells.
o Hydrocephalus: Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain that causes it to
swell. It can lead to brain damage and physical, developmental, and cognitive impairments.
o Hyperlipidemia: High number of lipids or fats, most commonly referred to as high
cholesterol
o Infarct: An area of dead tissue resulting from lack of blood supply
o Ischemic Stroke: Occurs when blood vessels connected to the brain are clogged or blocked.
A clot forms and blocks the flow of blood to certain areas of he brain causing the stroke to
occur.
o Labial: Pertaining to the lips.
o Language: Words we use and understand
o Larynx : Valve structure between the trachea (windpipe) and the pharynx (the upper throat)
that is the primary organ of voice production
o Lesion: A region or zone of an organ or tissue that has suffered damage.
o Lingual: Pertaining to the tongue
o Modified Barium Swallow: The use of videofluroscopy to evaluate a patient’s swallow.
o Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A disease of the central nervous systemaffecting the brain and the
spinal cord.
o Muscle Atrophy: The loss of muscle ability due to underuse or neglect.
o Myalgia: Muscle pain
o Nasal Emission: Airflow through the nose, usually audible and indicative of an incomplete
seal between the nasal and oral cavities
o Necrosis: Death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue
o Paraesthesia: An abnormal tingling/numbness (pins and needles) sensation usually in upper
and lower extremities
o Paresis: Muscle weakness.
o Parkinson’s Disease: A progressive disease that disrupts movement. Symptoms include
tremors, slowed movement impaired posture and balance, decreased ability to perform
automatic movements, speech and writing changes.
o Perseveration: Repetition of a particular response (word or phrase) and repeatedly bringing
up a topic that is no longer appropriate
o Phonics: The relationships between written letters and their spoken sounds
“Phone” spelled with a /ph/, not an /f/ as in “fone”
o Phonological Awareness: Awareness of individual sounds in spoken words as well as how
those sounds go together and how they can be changed to make new words
o Phonology: How speech sounds go together/follow patterns to make words
o Speech: How we say sounds and put them together into word
o Thrombus: A blood clot that forms within the vascular system.
4. o Tracheostomy: A procedure done to create an opening in the trachea to provide an airway
and remove lung secretions. Often used in patients who have an object blocking the airway,
or lack of ability to breathe.
o Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): All nutritional needs are met through an IV or
intravenously.
5. Abbreviations:
A/P: anterior-posterior
A&O: alert and oriented
ad lib: as much as needed
ADL: activities of daily living
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome
bm: bowel movement
BS: breath sounds
c: with
C/O: complaining of
c/o: complains of
CA: cancer
CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting
CN: cranial nerves
CNS: central nervous system
COLD: chronic obstructive lung disease
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CP: chest pain
CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
CVA: cerebrovascular accident
CXR: chest x-ray
DAI: diffuse axonal injury
DAT: diet as tolerated
DC: discharge
DJD: degenerative joint disease
DM: diabetes mellitus
DNR: do not resuscitate
DOA: dead on arrival
DOE: dyspnea on exertion
DVT: deep venous thrombosis
DX: diagnosis
ECG: electrocardiogram
EMT: eyes, motor, verbal response
ENT: ears, nose, throat
ETT: endotracheal tube
FTT: failure to thrive
FU: follow-up
FVC: forced vital capacity
Fx: fracture
HA: headache
HBP: high blood pressure
HO: history of
6. HOB: head of bed
HPI: history of present illness
HTN: hypertension
Hx: history
LLL: left lower lobe
LLQ: left lower quadrant
LML: left middle lobe
LOC: level of consciousness
LP: lumbar puncture
LUL: left upper lobe
LUQ: left upper quadrant
MVA: motor vehicle accident
NAD: no active disease
NAS: no added salt
NG: nasogastric
NKA: no known allergies
NPO: nothing by mouth
NT: nasotracheal
OPPT: oriented to person place and time
PMH: previous medical history
PO: by mouth
PRN: as needed
Pt: patient
PTA: post traumatic amnesia
qd: everyday
RLL: right lower lobe
RLQ: right lower quadrant
RML: right middle lobe
ROM: range of motion
RUL: right upper lobe
RUQ: left upper quadrant
RV: residual volume
Rx: treatment
s: without
s/s: signs and symptoms
SCI: spinal cord injury
SOAP: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan
SOB: shortness of breath
Sx: symptoms
TLC: total lung capacity
TPN: total parenteral nutrition
TV: tidal volume
Tx: treatment
UGI: upper gastrointestinal
7. VC: vital capacity
VO: verbal or voice disorder
VSS: vital signs stable
WF: white female
WM: white male
WN: well nourished
WNL: within normal limits
yo: year old