1-5

1. PARUL UNIVERSITY
ND EX
Experiment/TBe
s.NO Gate Teachers
Sgpaturs
Marks
Dosby Epthelal and
COnnEve bissuL oE
uman body
2J o study MasulaY and
Nentus bis oF
Aunan b
S-2
3JTnbaducbonbo
Haemogytamey
19-12
Debeminatien oF
uhibebland ellCwl)
DE own blaod
B-
16
S1DeteminabonoF tobal
Kad_bload cell CRB
COunltoF ownlaod
17-2

2. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Ig. Na.: 0
Dale
UNINL
PRACTICA-L
AM
To StulyLpitkalial and Comeckive issue_aE Auman
bau
YREFERENCE
CaOUa Rk _an Dr PatelN.M Practical Anatogy_and
PSialoauL edihan Zoo1-Zalo_BS Sha pakashan
Akmedkid_Pa Na- 99-lag
0-B.S
ShaDakas
KREQUIREM ENTS2
charbsSLies_
PDESCRIAIIaN
SPBalial Tissues
Tho ypes oF cayennq_andhnin4 epitelial hssu are
classried atordingto two aacteristic
armlgemant of Lells into layes al o sh4pe) OF__
Cels
A AragenNnl.ofcelsinto layer'and theshapeEbhe cells.
a Simple epiikalwm

3. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Ig.Na.:
Date
- a SinplepLmItis aSiAgle lauerof cels bhat_
Funchiansin dHisSiA OSMasis,tnan, Seetinn o
ahsopian Secebon is thoPrnductian an leaje af
SubsEanceSALh_ MuK S/eat,OY en2ymes t6104phA
isho iaEakt_0E BHuids_Dr Athor SubstHnces Such 45
dgeste ood renAO intALinal Eact
Sin ple SauoM.auS SbetifFied epVann
Cuboidal
PeudhstakER_Rptbalun AppeAs_to_haVe_multle layes
of CelS Decaue Be relAucle le_at_dFftvent lels
AAd AaE allcels
exten to 4pcal_Suface my contain lia o he
Caahlek cells Selrabs_MuCAS PeldastxabliEzed_ephelnuais
achualy a siMple_epitalu hecase al ilscelk_restan_
tho bakenint_nembin.
reach the opica SurFae_Cells tatdo
Smpe Cuboidal Sbacifi loidalA
Glumal cstaified epatkelum Conssts E tun Or mphe ayes o
Cells that pntect nderlyin_bissuo_in_locatinswhore
Hore 15 LbAsilerable weakan tear
ololo90o|0 BICellshapehe Lell Vayinslape_epalinq_onair
FUAcbion
Sinpe columar peun Starihtd una aSuamausCalls axt ahagt lhte Flanr tiles_a1dak_thn
whilh allaus_o R_teíipalsaqe OF Suhstance
luhadal cel anasLalas Hayak_w andak shapa
ie Cuhe Y horagons y_Mat hale Micoull_alher
Apica SurFace an Functhan etAor Secvetion_ar
dhsarphion

4. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Pg Na.:
Date:
cCalumAAr cellsat much baller han boy are wide lke
CduMAS and pntect underlyin tisSuos Tor apical
Surfaces May_ANO_Cilia nicovill and 'thy ofte
a
Specialiedor secHLion and ahsarption
1 ransLtidna cel Chanae shre on Flat to_cuhadaland
6aaSoAASuch 4sho unuy bladoer sbeck tD
naer Size ad Lan collapse a maltr sizæ
DGecause_of te_diueriy_oF celk_and etracelularmabir
and hediFFerencPs in Beir relativP prapartions the
lossi fiation o COnnertVe tissugs otaluays dlear-ut
and SeVëal claSEcatiin_Pis
i)omecb/e TissusS
-ep
Nuceus
mbyyan Conneckie bssun
A Mesencheme B Mucav Connective bissu
2)MabuH CoAnechue tissue
Rehalar ti
BDenseCnedtive tsu
A) Lonse Conmectwe bsu
Avealar oAhie tSu DDase_reaular su
Fbsikt c
Dene ingauhybstug
Colagen Tg
3 Eashr ctibsu
3)otuhr comedise tsu
Flrelet ee

5. j , PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Ig.Na.:
Date:
cioiog DIBonvtösue E Lauidtastcbieba
Filole arulage
auoe Bload tissu
alinCazhlage
2lymph
Fhncaztilage
31lasbc (alage
reylay ConMeivehis
Cpsael
MAOL
Corlge
cs
Flaolye
#Cartlg EoicA
Melb
COmi
RL
Bloo
BonA

6. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Ig.Na.-
Date:
PRACTICA
KAME
10 study_MusculaY and Nenhus bisuoE Auman hady
VREFERENCE
aOual Kkald Dr_LatelM.M_Prattiul Anatamyand
PAMsialag y tatian Loni-2alh_B.S Shah Prakashan
Akomuaad Pa no 1-h2_
EREOUIREMETS)
Doarts sldes
LOSRIPIION-2
)Muscuar bissu
askalebalMNcle
Sskeletal muscle SS is Aome For its latatian-itis
Sualattrkad bo the honus OE he skeleban AntHer
Feabu i its Stiationsalternatip lah and dakhand
withnthe Eihes thab are _isihleundter a liaht mcd
Dheletal Mude iCansiered Valultayeause t Canle
Made to conbac or elak bu CiSCiaus CoADal kalaa
MMsdle_Ers_con_ Vay in letatK rom a Feu/Cm_Ln
shartmuscles to uph 30-4b inupur longatMucle.

7. PARUL UNIVERSTY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Date
SAIMusdle Fheris raughly culiadrita inShapeand
has maly Aucle lacate at ptrighory ithin
a uhaleMUscle tho ndiuidual usde Ehres may
he Panll0_bo_a0 angther
celauc
Smooth musale
Smanth muscle Lssuois lacatedin_thewallsOE hollo
inLenalS1MELsSuch 2S hlaad /essek airuAys h_
h ungS Stanach, intestines4al-jladder and
U i t a r y a d e l e r
Is ConbncEian hip Consbid or Aayaw He lumen_aFE
Anad vesel Pusially break daun and mk_faad
aloA_ aasbainteabiaal_tat mave Fluids_hiagh
thadsar eimates /astes
SMayh Mede
SMathMusclo_Eh a uSually intalunbay and hau
are on-sbriaked,heace the_bezm SManbh A_SMath Mede
ERY ISSmall, thickest iA W Middle Qd tapentg at
each ead IL onkinsa Sih4le cenbaly locateAclod
p jundtians CanMect Maly indilidual Fhes n SMaath
Musde tssw Far ea nho walL_oE heiAtetnes
Such muscle tissugan_praduce_PoweFul_Contachdn
as Many MusclO Fhes COntaCE in_UAon_n_athez
lncatidns Sugh al [Ko hS0F IKO eye smaath Musclehe
Conbract individually likaSkaletalAcleIAs_Llcase
Aap ulchons ake alieat_

8. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Date
CardiA Musale
Canlia Muscloe bsu orms mskaf ble walla£
heheakt Luke skoleal Muscle it iS sbaated
However unlike_SkalebalMusdebissuo tis nvalue
t5 coALrattidn 1S An1 ConSCiauly contralled
Puced
Cariac Ascle_ibres_are_bzanchad and uiually have
LenDnillylacated Aucleus_AN DCtSiana
end to end_by bansveAe
plaima MemhzanCalled nteralabed
isS hith CoAtan_both desmnsames ad hap_junctians
I ce has uwa Audle Aou attah
hick enip4S_dE
Conac Muge
Dhalated dC ake uAiqIu ta Cakdiac Musde_ssw
h deOMOSamOS Stenqtkin h_ss 2nd hld_a
Fbres
7hoap Junctions piuide_a nute For
OF Mulle actidn Potenbial thnughaut L hond
togetho_duiAG teir VjgOraus COAtactians
4uick Condudn
iMenaus hissua
Despibe the awesomo_complexb aFthe Nerloussysten
CoAsists_af only tulo pincigal ap AFcellkueglia.
andNeuHnnS euEaA And ne es a SeMSitive to
Vahausstimul Koy Convert stmuhinto_elechial
Scanals
CiNductheso actidn bteatials to ather "eulani
t Muscde tissues ta_qlands
Caled atton_PDtentials WveiMpase) and

9. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Date
MosL NthOnS_CoSLL af rte_basic paslare
badu and wo knds af Cell puesedwne
afons 7ke cell_oy contains the Auleus_omd ottis
O 4 a n e l e
Dendate)_are tagring huahly branchedd UuallySue
CellproLeSs They ard A najor eceula iu Apat
SinglethCylndatal_
Prncess that may e_veyleg
STEisthe Output ition af a utanLolduting
0enimpulses bewar annlher Aeunl or totame
oer tissuO_
yen bough ARULglhia_d Aat pinLnte Av Ccnduct
Nerue iMfyeS 1thase LelS do Ae Maly MLLtnt
Supparti Eunhons_AniM4 Placed hat plate
thd at_plate wWl AdE a 4 NoLAuÍ St/mulahen

10. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Dale
PRAC TICAL
Tatreductian to Hemacytometpy
(REQULREMENIS 9
I>HaemoCytometAr St uhithCOASiSLS OF NuhauLyS counta
ChanherBLPptte, Ihonas calirslf Lulhl_ald
MiLastnpe
DREFERENCES
aONal Rkan Ur latelNiM Prattical aAutamy_and
Plustolagy lhedstion, Zoa-2ola BSshah _}akashan-
THEORY
TAo COuAtia/cells_CKBCorWBC) in_Aload usinq
haemocy tome set_is Caled as haemofytomat
Tho umherot_Lls_in te_blooz a_too MaAy aA4
tho S2 OE Cell s too Small Tke_cells w apar
in cluster E Seen_bhznugh_MiLLoxape ThiS difikull
S partlyoVerrome dluting_Lland to knnuA_degret
2 HatmgcyhaunmuttrcoASstof iDluAing Pipettes i)Cauntiua
Chamk (ecial CaVeslp-

11. PARUL UNIVERsITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Date
ie Diluian Ppats
DIL Cansist_aE Eour_parls-Thelang stemhe hulh,th
Shortstem_and
and the Sucker
The lan4 StemAa a Unulon_capillazy bore tteding
fomawell Around ConiLAl up And meain4 inthe
hualh The long s£eM isdided into lo Ezd Pozts
Fom_tho EY to t malh 1ust neay"tAg bulk
Rulerbde
Bul
Beat
Mgulh
Piece
JteM
The FEth 2wisidn iskeauly _maked and laleledasd.s_
This_pat IS o Mei exact amount o blood
takenForCounting o Fluid iA this_part does Aat
bake Payt in tho2lutiaA a1d eALe this quantty
M _deducted wh.l0_calalating thediuin Fr
s
-CafilbyjoN e bulh is part wlere t_eilubiano blood Lake_pluce
It COnSst oF whte or edhead uhith kolps_in
uAifbm MiriAg Of blaad with_2lution
COAical Ei
Fluid The_
RBC ppetbe WBC pifette ulb2Ads ina_shprt stem which have_the 11ar
lol he Shart stem alo cansist_of_ulu+n
Caploy bore_
Lt hoy red lead I t ha ehte bead
Calilbatian 0-S,1
any
Calatian- 0.5, L0 TAo sucker is_Flbed to tlo_eAd_oF Short stem_7
Sucker 1s nbher or_Palytlong tule Attde end of
huhe bore is toplasic mauth Piece
and lot
Sze of lalb ib lupger Size df bulß is sanadle
Maih fiece is red ntolbur Mach ece is hie inday
8lunon Can be dln upb bu,
Diluti on (an be cone vpto
1D0 or Zoo tmes

12. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Dale
Counting_Chamler.
1E i5a Sngle piece thickalass slide hauiA4w
COuniAg-aFta iA_CeAtalpart Iha tuD Cohti4g artas
ave e fakate iam eah ober _part oF SM y
an Hshape araolL_on tho eitbor sije_ai kse
Aendsmal
are platforms uhich are nised y 0.Lmm
area
ahoue to_Cauninqarea Onthee plalfams_zeLes
SPecia Cauersliphamas Coversli
CantalnZ-15
Tho ulin4 areasof Chanlher_are tao shap_CoAtast
Ae laire oF_brighLoes a4ainst thedarker_Metahai hakqmun
ARA
JE 1e A Ai semibranparent laser oE the_melal_h&
heen degsibed pA tho4laK Countingared and tho_
liAes_ar hled pu hraug
USE aS OA COAAat SeeEeStais dunb4 the 2hu
Be ulia Canat be Seen in hnghi L4hEs Focddd
DA thechamher_
hob-0,002SMman o dhal Surfe
Volune ofer a larre Aur
CArea-dert oime
F0.ul
2lonljust the chamheroe_must partinlyclase tke
diaphram_ oF te hicaso2e
0-looomm 2 e takal_aling ared_oY each slide is `nnn length
an 3mnin Headth T isdaided intoAiAe _tqual
SAuars DF 1smm_ared Th bondazs_lines oF Bese
Stuares Ae bnplelinings
0-0025M2
Ne
uaul ste fouS4uarts oF COLneIS Ve used For wBC Counting_azhie
Sfud I) For RBC COUntin

13. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
2 equal small KRC s4uares,and lacn al thae
73Smal REL
SmallestSpuAAy Sngle hn4
hus uhale Cenbal Square diyide no hon SMallet
hWluiea flud
VaiauS_lutian Flus a Se n AALmacytam2y
hut te hasic Chtlna or_peparil4 bo_Hbo fu
tat it skaul ke iytani td plam
To compasitianDE dlutial Flui depud oA dtbr
Yeaiteménts such_a StaitiA4 cion e Tahlo7 an
temast_Commanly usedilution Fluis ior KB
4
And uWBLCaunt wth purtalke af each cOnsztun

14. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Date
PRACTICALL
SALM
Eauneation of h1be_blood_Cell_Count of 6uA bload.
KREQUIREMENTS
COASshS of NeulauLerls Countog
HALMactometerSet_ ulhizk
chamber WAL pipete Thonas coverslip,uwatch alass, WB
dutina Elud Pickling Aeedle 201:allohal fal an michige
EEEREALE
Goual k _and pr_laklwM Prchical Amtarmyapd
PAsialaay edition,2os1-2olo Bs shah _pritkahan,
Pmedaaa laMa I-3
ETHEOKy
Mumber_aF uhite Bload cells in hlood ae tod may
and e sine_af cedsis too Snal T i Korefore
| Adt gassikle a_caunt tho cells euen under Agh pouk
his dificulty is_jaztialy avercone u dilutitge alaod
ih a_Sultahle_dlutionFluid toa kKoun deare Te diluted
Alond is_placed iA a capllay spale or kndA APaci
etaleen counting chamberd Cove Slp-
Te Auber_of Cels iA thO_SMall_capllas SPACe_oF knvwN_
/nlune is ten Couated uade b ighPouje at
MiCosLoLe Tho CoAt Can_1 Catrulated hymulkplurg

15. YL PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Dule:
hoAumber wb dlution tactor,DIsuyhance A e
pf Lone ondposure i e Lht sAL o
MaunLanence
LenLellyMedaleySKleLalMude relacat.on
2Compasulion of wBC D/lation fluz.
Glacial ALeicau 20ml 2Desboy kEC
henhan ar MethylValetU/) 10ml2S2uns AudeotwR
Wabey upto Lwm Dluent
PROCE DURE2
e homas coVealip,Lountung_chamber and be_lenses
oE MCnsage are leantd ir ith the_Aip_aylal
2 Tho thamas CouAhagchanher uasacdiusted a oheNd
Ader lou paulr E_IaoPe_keLpA4_ti_thamai
CoVeslP sty 0A toplallarm af slide
2 e ng Finger wa sterized wuth tho alahal and t_
wAS phkedhadly uih tte helpE pritkhag_Aeede
e Fist dnp_o blaod u!as
hp Was SuIked_ia bo WRpipette up to tdoMak
oS inmeJiately _be W/BC_lutián Flui
Mak
disarded a e Secend
a Scke_up
12 pitle_uwas nled bet paln o mir Rlacd.audl ful

16. m y P A R U L U N I V E R S I T Y
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Dale:
lew desare distavde and bun pgelte wasd a
a4glß oF 4to
HosurfaLe_af
ounbinr Caner
AA Lpwas Aplied bo be_
NanowSLEJELue 7A2
COMting Chambera be coerslp
>(CALCULA[TO
3 S3
6 3 B
7 The_Eluid was_alauted to settle nr hre niAutes
e sta4e of miosape
32 6
42
8 e WRC damjer uias locate and WBCS,aL COUnted
in Mallest1 sAuaes AS wa epeated iA_anatser
yeeSuch
such_Chamhes
2 7
33
2 3
2RESVLT2
T BC Caun_ AF My_dun 6land uwa aund
Lo le_2.20/mM
A-9 8:77, C-43,
V-3|
wBC: No. of celx DF pd
OISaSS TaNV
Caunted 2SSX 2o
Artax Depth 4xO. GeAeral chaactersties dE WB.C-Leuocye are
wandehng cels whih 2re_Audleated_aA d lot
Contaiany haemaglokin_Tkey a Shghtly_biager in
Sine ad_sn_Aun~ haiongin is erakasala
braAulgyle_ae dened Foled onMarau uh1le
Aaaulatute _are dehuked spleen ao umph4lands
Tee
2SSx So Cmm
l2.7So /Cmm
fe spanistoo shart Tew haus to Feu daus
2Nosal wßC Cautis hgon-_lloco_lcmm IFKe coun goes
belou L-00nlcmm it iS knaun as leucopenia Beydleucacy

17. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Date
ynctian_of WBL
Phajoglaus Tt i engulEing cf forign_Mattna-
Backek D foreian_pirbiclE
22Anthady_Famaton.Antihadia a hamma-hloubns
fomein ryanse t invasian Anyanjii
Funchitn is iame autympaddybes
3 Formatian ofFibzellasts wB playsan iMporte role
in_ bssue hepair A inFlanmattun mphsatee
are 4enWrally oñVEed_ntp_tdee_
Ljkhntan_of ALtamiAe_anz All2ak eLtian
£DsinDghil ah ChieFly_iAualv n thie reactians
SSeetiol_at AgAn Hepnhn san anticnaq1lant
Basphs ak 4aWally hih in_Aepahil

18. V PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Dale
ZPRACLICAL54
DAIM
EAuMerat.idn al tatal RBCault al OW lacd
EQUIREMENLS
Neuhauer CauntiA4 Chamber KBL Pipetbe mai
Caver sp,Watch4lassRBC 2uta4 Fluid Pnklng
APelelol allahal yldl and iLadpE
REFERENCE-
DGayal Kkand Dr latel_MM attdlAnatun
an phySidloqu_l edtin_2o01-20lO. B.Sshah
prakushdn_2Amedalad Pa A4-22-2S
e_Aumber_oF rdcels in lood_ae tan maAyan
S12e_of Lells s_to0 SmalLt iSBoreore_AAE Posszale
t Caunt tho cell euen_UAder hi4h POwe hs
_dfficulby is_partial_avercane_hu luting tae slan
with aS talle_dlybian Eluig a khoun_2eake y
_dluted blod is phted in a_capillansSpatt_EKALUN
Capaci ty A etueen CounM_ChapiheanCClor sl
kaguA Volume is ika (auAteuniep K higa outr

19. INa1
PARULUNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Date:
O_aunt can Je calculat y Multgly.lg
Awniber ulith the dlatianfuctar
Suhstande Amaunt Puipe
2 Spdiumchlgnde
2PreLent ncly
Praviie pteniaty
revents ouler oML
2Ssdhum_Suphaior
Mercuric Chlaridle SAn 2CaKe atiinafLell
wAter ptalnm
PROCEDURE
DTe tomas caverslit, Caunbugchamhey and tho ene
of MiCtascage_uQre cleane ikt h the help_
Te thamas CouAtingchamher ue aduitedan_obserd
forKBCsphaNSUAder_lou_Pouer of Micokafg
Keep04_ toIhoma CQUASliP r0tin4ah the Platfakn
a HeKe slhe_
ddiute for Aigh Pau and chamder ofBC Sak au

20. P A R U L UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY Dale:
7 KE pipttle / cleaned ao di h M4
wa Styhza wi e_Alconl A1 Y
Ae fust_ap_af_blocdwa 4LAd a TA
SecMd dropwas SuCkin KL pifette upio
imnediatply e RBL 2luLonFlui
was Sucked up taMalbl
heLLHe_was bizughi to a Áon2aAtalzaiti
pipetteAGMple kaht was_41/A tothe ubuer tale
ePiPeLtP_WA led betu/len ThO_Pulm_oMik_
h hlond wthIA_zlutian Fluid for_aN MAuP
2 feydrapS_ave_dscaded_and then_Pipette_was hela
atho aale oE s°tothe surface DF LountiA4
etuen te cputing haMbEY_ an tiO CoVeslp_
2 70 Fuid was aloued to Settle for_thre MiAute on
stage_ MiL1ce.
7e RB humher was located and KBLsAe(ounted
inMalest6 14uare.hS WSy LefeateZ_In_
aAather aur sdch chambes

21. eMA, PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTYOF PHARMACY
TRESLIS
7 LBC COut dE 4_aun Alanz ws faund i
he S09o.aonlca
YDISCOSSIO
B 2 had_carpsdes are ciuar hcancaeLad-Audete
cek Tey ConLan Epnaiony Panint_taenagioial.
Aomal RL3 121n dianeier ad 221 AAe
RBCNo OF celcounbexDilutionacdr
KDepth xea Tg are thaner in centre thuSAfeahjg_kedum leb
Shaped RBL Formein gleen a l h enbp n
Dalts RBL FOMMA in rihone maimu
= Nxloo xloxS
So9 x lo000 DfOmatian RL isknguin as eathngitys
So9ooo0/Cmm RBC shau5 Variusprgorhes-
Haemalusis 1FRBCi5kept in huprtaiz_Salutian
5wells aad Einalynes Eating haEMOahlin
ThISiskopuA_ Haemdluis
KaularFumationL StPngerty_pE KRCtO CDME
Susfindi_1A_pläna os lag asndi fekg_

22. P A R U L U N I V E R S I T Y
F A C U L T Y O F P H A R M A C Y
Date
ylbagyle Sednentalion pat
TE KBC d_allaved to stand an anb-C24ulatan
Supenata0t
2SR_3_defined_as MMOF t lear lasMA Fameda
ho top ot yeztial ColuM i0 a Aour t isrecnal
oF SuSPenSiOn s tely
2ESR-_tmm/hauy ales 3-12 mm/hrin 1MAle)
SAgluington
2 KBCCoAtains spea ati4¬AS heyae erpaieto_
echic 4J4lutiñS, Clungi of RBCako_Pldce_asa_
anbn_anthady ractimhsiS kauA aS_A4glutin4bon
ACTaN OF KBL.
Transgort_of oxygen_an Carondidid_
Maintanence_of_aGd bae_halane 10Aic_balanO an VOity
of blae
3) fomLuon of le_PianentS as a eult _of thcir
ithutio0 u retuloeadotkelial SySten