2. ZINC
zinc deficiency signs and symptoms in infancy include periorificial and acral dermatitis
,diarrhoea, behavioural changes, and neurological disturbances.
In older children zinc deficiency is characterised by failure to thrive , anorexia , alopecia,
nail dystrophy and repeated infections.
DOSE :for deficiency 0.5 mg/day for infants
10mg/day <6 months
20mg/day >6months for acute and persistent diarrhoea for 14 days
3. SODIUM BICARBONATE : Dose – 1-2mEq/kg
INDICATIONS : metabolic acidosis in
renal failure
DKA
post resuscitation
cyanotic spell
inborn errors of metabolism
renal tubular acidosis
hyperkalemia
SIDE EFFECTS : hypernatremia
metabolic alkalosis
tetany
intra ventricular hemorrhage
necrosis
4. CALCIUM GLUCONATE : 0.5 mL – 1mL /kg in cardiac monitoring
INDICATIONS : hypocalcemia due to any cause
both early and late onset hypocalemiain new born
hyperkalemia
antidote to Ca channel blocker over dosage
cardiac arrest secondary to hyperkalemia
SIDE EFFECTS : necrosis if extravasation
bradycardia and cardiac arrest if given fast
hypercalcemia
5. AMINOPHYLLIN :
It is stable mixture or combination of theophylline and ethylenediamine.
phosphodiesterase inhibition is mechanism of action
DOSE : 6mg/kg loading dose then 0.6 mg/kg/hour as continuous infusion
INDICATION : reversible airways obstruction , acute severe asthma , apnea of
prematurity
SIDE EFFECTS :Tachycardia , palpitation , CNS stimulation , insomnia , arrhythmia , and
convulsions
6. ATROPIN SULPHATE :
FOR SYMPTOMATIC BRADYCARDIA
Dose : im o.o2 – 0.04 mg/kg
intratracheal : 0.02 mg/kg
iv : 0.02 mg/kg
FOR ANTI CHOLINERGIC POISONING
Dose : iv o.o5 mg/kg
also used to prevent succinyl choline induced bradycardia
7. DIAZEPAM :
Antiepileptic , anxiolytic , premedication , sedation
Dose : 0.1 mg/kg
increased risk of apnea.monitor oxygen saturations
Flumezanil is the antidote
PHENYTOIN : anti epileptic.
side effects cause nausea , stomach pain , loss of appepite ,
increased hair growth, enlarged gums , bone marrow depressions.
8. DOPAMINE :
INDICATIONS : Continued shock after volume resuscitation.
Dosage : iv infusion 5 to 20 microgm/kg/min
Extravascular administration can result in severe skin injuries.
DOBUTAMIN :
INDICATIONS :Impaired cardiac contractility
Dosage : iv infusion 5 to 20microgm/day/min
9. HYDROCORTISONE :
INDICATIONS : Adrenocortical insufficiency,endotoxic shock,hypersensitivity
reactions
Dose : im or slow iv 10mg/kg loading dose followed by 2.5 mg/kg/dose 6th hrly
Contra indications : systemic infection
Side effects : minimised by using lowest effective doses.side effects are
dyspepsia ,peptic ulcers , candidiasis, myopathy, osteoporosis, adrenal
insufficiency, euphoria , glaucoma,papilloedema
11. FUROSEMIDE :it is loop diuretics
Indications – fluid overload
congestive heart failure
oliguria due to renal failure
Contra indications – pre comatose patients with cirrhosis , renal failure with
anuria
Side effects – hyponatremia, hypo kalemia , increased calcium excretion,
hypotension.
Dose – 1mg/kg
12. MANNITOL:
INDICATIONS – Increased intra cranial pressure
forced alkaline diuresis
Dose – iv 0.25 g/kg given over 15 min
PHENOBARBITAL : used for status epilepticus
Dose – loading dose iv 20 mg/kg ,maintenance dose 5 mg/kg
PHENYTOIN - status epilepticus
Dose – iv 10-20 mg/kg loading dose followed by 5 mg/kg
13. CEPHALOSPORINS : Broad spectrum antibiotic used for the treatment of
septicdemia ,pneumonia ,meningitis , biliary track infections , peritonitis, and urinary
track infections.
CEFOTAXIME , CEFATAZIDIME ,CEFTRIAXONE are third generation cephalosporins.
Ceftrioxone is indicated in severe infections.
PREDNISOLONE : Indications – asthma , rheumatic disease , nephrotic
syndrome , malignancy , pneumocystis
Dose -1-2 mg/kg/day
SIDE EFFECTS : obesity, hypertension, osteoporosis, hirsutism and acne
DEXAMATHASONE : anti inflammatory action
congenital adrenal dysplasia
cerebral edema
autoimmune disorders affecting skin , joint, kidney
14.
15. IRON : Most common deficiency causing anemia
cause microcytic hypochromic anemia
Dose- prophylaxis 1-2 mg/kg/day
treatment 3-6 mg/kg/day
dose in parenteral iron 4Xwt in kg X Hb deficit
CHOLECALCIFEROL: vit D3
used in rickets , osteomalacia.
Maintenance dose 400IU/day
For deficiency 6lacks IU/day.rerpeat another course if no healing line is seen on x
ray after 6 weeks
Overdose can cause pseudotumor cerebri
17. ONDENSETRON : serotonin 5HT3 receptor antagonist
Indication –nausea , vomiting caused by chemotherapy and radiation therapy
S/E : diarrhoea , constipation , headache, sleepiness , itchiness.
DOMPERIDONE : beta 2 agonist .anti emetic. And gastric prokinetic agent
C/I ion hepatic and renal impairment.
VIT K : prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of newborn .
Used in bleeding tendency due to liver disorders.
SALBUTAMOL : beta 2 agonist
used to treat bronchospasm, COPD , asthma ,
S/E – Shakiness , headache , tachycardia , hypokalemia.
18. AUGMENTIN :amoxycillin plus clavulonic acid
wide spectrum with good coverage of beta lactamase producing stains of
streptococcus pneumonia ,H.influenza ,s.aureus
ALBENDAZOLE : anti helminthic used for treatment of hook worm , whip
worm, giardia, tape worms..
CI – ocular and intraventricular cysticercosis
PARACETAMOL : 15mg/kg/dose max of 60mg/kg/dose
C.I – hepatic damage and nephropathy
overdose cause drowsiness ,come , seizures , live failure
AMIKACIN : aminoglycoside
Active against gram negative organism.
Uses – bacterial infections
joint infections , intra abdominal infections , meningitis.
