This presentation provides a detailed overview of how to prescribe IV fluids, including the types of fluids, dosages, and administration methods. It also covers common clinical scenarios where IV fluids may be necessary, such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and shock. This presentation is ideal for healthcare professionals looking to improve their knowledge and skills in IV fluid management. Tags: IV fluids, fluid management, prescribing, dosages, administration, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, shock, healthcare professionals.

1. HowtoPrescribeIV
Fluids
LearnhowtochoosetherightfluidregimenandproperlyadministerIV
therapy,includingthecalculationofdriprates.
Dr.ShivankanKakkar,MD

2. OverallFluidRequirements
FluidReplacement
Fluidlossneedstobe
replacedwithfluidsthathave
asimilarelectrolyte
compositiontothelostfluid.
MaintenanceFluids
Oncefluidlosshasbeen
replaced,maintenancefluids
canbegivenifnecessary.
ImportanceofClear
Plan
Itisimportanttohaveaclear
planforthetypeandamount
ofeachfluidthatwillbe
given.

3. ReplacementofFluidLoss
1 Pre-existingFluidDeficit
Replacepre-existingfluiddeficitimmediately.
2 OngoingLosses
Replacefuturelossesastheyoccurtomaintainfluidbalance.
3 TypesofFluidLossandReplacementFluids
Thetypeoffluidreplacementdependsonthetypeoffluidlost.

4. ExtracellularFluidLoss
(e.g.D&V,NGaspirates,stomas,burns,pancreatitis)
1 Hartmann'sSolution
Thissolutionispreferredfor
fluidreplacementduetoits
similarelectrolyte
compositionasplasma.
2 Alternative:Saline
IfHartmann'ssolutionisnot
available,salinecanalsobe
used.

5. ClassicalDehydration
(e.g.pyrexia,poorintake)
1 NormalMaintenanceFluids
Thisfluidreplacesthefluidlostdueto
classicaldehydration.
2 Alternative
Iforalfluidsarenotpossible,IVfluidscanbe
used.(e.g.dextrose-saline)

6. BloodLoss
1 BloodReplacement
Bloodlossmustbecompensatedforby
replacingwithbloodorpackedredcells.
2 Note
Ifthepatientcontinuestobleed,they
mayalsoneedotherbloodproducts(e.g.
FFP,platelets,cryoprecipitate)to
activelystopthebleedingratherthan
simplyreplacingthelostredcells

7. MaintenanceFluids
1
ConsiderOralFluids
First
Oralfluidsarepreferable
whenfeasibleduetotheir
lowerriskofcomplications.
2
ApproximateNormal
Requirements
Maintenancefluidsneedto
matchapatient'sweightin
termsofwater,sodium,and
potassium.
3
TraditionalRegimen
Thisincludesgivingfluidsina
"1salty+2sweetpattern".
Saline0.9%+20mmol
potassiumchloride(over
8hours)
Dextrose5%+20mmol
potassiumchloride(over
8hours)
Dextrose5%+20mmol
potassiumchloride(over
8hours)

8. AdministrationofDrugs
Fast-Acting
IVtherapyisfast-actingand
canbeadministeredformany
medications.
Alternative:Oral
Oralmedicationmaybean
alternativeoptionifitis
availableandthepatientcan
tolerateit.
Note
Foradolescents,IVtherapy
maybemorestressfuland/or
painful.

9. Procedure-Preparation
1 PatientPreparation
Explaintheproceduretothepatientandobtaintheirconsent.
2 CheckPrescription
Ensuretocheckthedose,rate,volume,andtypeoffluidprescribed.
3 CheckforImpurities
Checkforanycloudinessorparticulatematterpresentinthefluidbag,anddonotuseitif
impuritiesarepresent.

10. SixRightsofMedicationAdministration
1
Right
Patient
2
Right
Medication
3
Right
Dose
4
Right
Time
5
Right
Route
6
Right
Documen-
-tation

11. IVProcedurePreparation-Checklist
BeforebeginninganIVprocedure,it'scrucialtoproperlyprepareandgatherallnecessarysupplies.Follow
thischecklisttoensuretheprocessgoessmoothly:
1 GatherSupplies
Gatherallnecessary
supplies:IVfluid,primary
tubing,secondarytubing
(ifneeded),alcoholpads,
andlabels.
2 VerifyProvider
Order
Verifytheproviderorder
withthemedication
administrationrecord
(MAR).
3 CheckMedication
Performthefirstcheckof
thesixrightsof
medicationadministration
whilewithdrawingtheIV
fluidsfromthemedication
dispensingunit.Check
expirationdateandverify
patientallergies.
4 InspectIVFluid
InspecttheIVfluidbagfor
leaks,damage,or
discoloration.Ensurethat
thelabelmatchesthe
MAR.
5 CheckFlowRate
Checktheflowrateand
adjusttheinfusionpumpor
calculatethedriprateif
usinggravity.
6 DonGloves
Washhandsthoroughly
anddongloves.
7 CleanInsertionSite
Cleantheinsertionsite
withanantisepticsolution
andallowittodry
completely.
8 InsertCatheter
Insertthecatheteror
needleintotheveinusing
propertechnique.
9 ConnectPrimary
Tubing
Connecttheprimary
tubingtothecatheteror
needleandprimethe
tubingtoeliminateanyair
bubbles.
10 StartIVInfusion
StarttheIVinfusionandmonitortheflow
rateandpatientresponse.
11 LabelTubing
Labelthetubingwiththedate,time,and
initialsanddocumenttheprocedureinthe
patient'schart.
Properpreparationiskeytoa
successfulIVprocedure.
InspecttheIVfluidbagfor
leaks,damage,or
discoloration.
Insertthecatheterorneedle
intotheveinusingproper
technique.

12. CalculatingtheDripRate
ThedripratedeterminesthespeedatwhichIVfluidisdeliveredtothe
patient.Usethiscalculation:
Calculateml/hrrequired:e.g.1000ml/8hrs=125ml/hr
1.
Calculateml/minrequired:e.g.125ml/hr=125ml/60mins=2ml/min
2.
Calculatedropsperminute:e.g.2ml/min*20drops/1ml=40dropsper
minute
3.

13. ThankYouforListening!
ThankyoufortakingthetimetolearnaboutIVtherapyandfluid
managementwithus.Wehopeyoufoundtheinformationhelpfuland
informative.
Weappreciateyourattentionandparticipation.