Waste management practice in an organisation

1. Headmaster, Sovanagar High School
Sovanagar, Malda, West Bengal
E.Mail: hariswami.malda@gmail.com
Mobile and WhatsApp No: 7797043133
Solid and Liquid Waste Management
Practices in Sovanagar High School

2. Child friendly Campus

3. Child friendly Campus

4. Child friendly Campus

5. Rooftop Garden

6. • Training Goals
 Aware about various sustainable technological options to deal with kind and amount of
waste generated in schools / College
 Adaptation of right technological option for School / College based SLRM and adopting
behavioural practices to mange it by School / College
• Training Objectives
 To create clean surroundings of school/ College in terms of safety and hygienic point of
view
 To process the solid and liquid waste to get economic and aesthetic value from it
 Understnding 4Rs: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse & Recycle.
Solid & Liquid Resource Management

7. • Training Methodology
 Classroom lecture
 Handouts
 Group work
 Presentation
• Specific Training Outcomes
 Enhancing knowledge based understanding on cleanliness drive among students
 Preparation of time bound, doable plan of action (PoA)
 Preparation of at least 3 months monitoring process to keep a close watch on PoA
Solid & Liquid Resource Management

8. Waste Management
 Every institution has a legal duty to ensure that an efficient school waste
management system is in place, aiming to reduce, reuse and recycle.
Increasingly, schools are being viewed as role models for eco-friendly
waste management and this somewhat daunting responsibility must be
addressed appropriately by every school.
 Separating, reducing, reusing, recycling and composting are good
options for managing school waste.

9. • Introduction to Resource Management
 What is Waste ?
 Waste to Resource
 Source of School Waste
Solid & Liquid Resource Management
• Types of School Waste
School Waste
Biodegradable Non Biodegradable
Solid Waste Liquid Waste
Recyclable Non Recyclable
Black Water
Grey Water

10. Common Solid Waste at School/College
Biodegradable and recyclable Non-biodegradable
Recyclable Non-recyclable
Kitchen waste Plastics – carry bags, milk covers, PVC
pipes etc, Syringes, Glucose bottles etc,
Cotton and nylon cloth, cycle tyre and
tubes
Nitrogen sealed packing for
chips
Food
Leaves
Egg cells
Vegetables
Peels, meat, bones
Dead animals
Paper
Wood
Shampoo
Bottles
Glass
Books/notebook
Wires
Caps of mineral water bottles
Plastic
Tin can
Metal
Ash/dirt
Tetrapacks
Thermocal
Carbon paper
Plastic coated visiting cards
Sachets
Modern Packing materials
(plastic) for food packing
PET mineral water bottles
Source: Solid and Liquid Waste Management in Rural Areas- A technical Note Ministry of Rural Development and Drinking Water and Sanitation (GoI)
and UNICEF

11. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN SHS

12. Separate waste
 Separating waste is the first step in managing your school’s rubbish.
 Set up bins for the different kinds of waste, and make sure the right bins
are used. You should have clearly labelled bins for glass, paper, plastic,
cans and for organic waste.

13. • Biodegradable Solid Waste
1. Composting
………….microorganisms break down the organic material.
Advantages
 Biodegradable waste gets converted into good quality organic manure
 Prevents vector breeding and breeding of rodents
 Insanitary conditions around school are removed and aesthetically, environment looks neat and
clean
 Organic manure can be used in kitchen garden of school
 Cost effective
Underground Lined manure pit or
Garbage Pit
Overground Compost heap
Appropriate for rural schools (or urban
school with required space)
Not sitable for Urban schools
Suitable for low rainfall areas. Suitable for high rainfall and rocky terrain
Source: Google
Source: Google

14. • Biodegradable Solid Waste
2. Vermi Composting
………….stabilization of organic solid waste through earthworm consumption which converts the
material into worm castings
Advantages
 Conversion of cattle dung and cattle dung based biogas slurry, kitchen/food waste,
leaves etc (organic solid waste) into high quality organic manure
 Fast process which requires only 40-45 days as compared to the conventional process
 Free from foul odour
 Vermicompost contains plant growth hormones and anti fungula elements which
leads to high value addition and profitability
 Prevents vector breeding
 Prevents insanitary conditions
 The technology is simple and it is easy to adopt and replicate
 Requires very little land area
Suitable for upper primary schools with higher number of
students, as the raw materials (biodegradable waste)
would be maximum from MDM section.
Source: Google

15. PIPE COMPOSTING
ORGANIC COMPOSTING
VERMI COMPOST
RAIN WATER HARVESTING

16. • Biodegradable Solid Waste
3. Bio-Gas Plant
………….through anaerobic decomposition, a gaseous mixture of Methene (CH4) and Carbon-
dioxide (C02) known as Biogas generated.
Advantages
 Not only decomposing the solid waste but also produce good amount of clean
fuel (the fuel efficiency of cattle dung is 11% whereas that of Biogas from same
dung is 60%.)
 Does not make cooking vessels dirty and not produce smoke to irritate eyes or
lungs
 Energy generated from Biogas may be used in lifting water in overhead tank,
boiling water for washing utensils to ensure utmost hygienic condition
 Environment friendly organic manure
 Reduces dependency on woods in rural areas, conserving forests and preventing
soil erosion.
Suitable for upper primary schools with higher number of
students, as the raw materials (biodegradable waste)
would be maximum from MDM section.
Source: Google

17. • Non Biodegradable Solid Waste
1. Recyclable Waste
Refuse
Source: Google
Reuse Recycle

19. • Non Biodegradable Solid Waste
1. Recyclable Waste
Reduce
How to Reduce Paper waste in School
In the classroom/Admin Office
 Create a paper reuse center. Set up a box (a lid of a copy paper box works well) where people can put paper that has only been used on one side.
Reuse this paper for calculations or drafts, or use it to make pads for taking notes.
 Encourage students to turn in homework on the back of used paper, such as notices from school or old letterhead.
 If you work on a computer, run a “spell check” on your work on the screen before printing and print double sided.
 Encourage students to use both sides of notebook pages when they take notes.
 Use a projector or blackboard to help reduce the amount of photocopied information distributed in class.
 Buy classroom materials that are durable and, if possible, include recycled content.

20. • Non Biodegradable Solid Waste
1. Recyclable Waste
Reduce
How to Reduce Paper waste in School
In the school building
 Use paper towels only when necessary. Encourage custodians and teachers to use sponges, rags, erasers, or other towels to clean projectors,
boards, and other surfaces.
 Send newsletters and school publications via email or post notices on the school website (wherever possible)
 Route messages and publications. Instead of distributing individual messages for all the staff, make one copy and attach a routing sheet.
 Set double-sided printing as the default setting on all school computers and printers. If a one-sided job goes awry, use the other side for a good
copy or place it in a reuse box.
 Ask the PTA and office staff to print newsletters in columns on legal paper. For short notices, print two per page and cut sheets in half. Better
yet, distribute important messages via a school or class listserv or post on the school/PTA website.
 Don’t forget to recycle used paper and paper products like cardboard packaging and boxes.

21. • Non Biodegradable Solid Waste
2. Non Recyclable Waste
a) Landfill
Advantage
 Takes care of the problem of disposal of non recyclable solid waste.
Selection criteria of Landfill site
 Waste can be taken to nearby designated landfiling place of Gram
Panchayat/ Municipality, if place is not available within school
 It should be located at the corner/boundary or outskirts of the village
 Accessible
 On vacant/uncultivated land
 Located in the natural depressions with slight slopes
 Waste from landfills leaches into the aquifer below site should be such as to
avoid surface water and groundwater pollution
 Before establishing any landfill site, baseline data of ground water quality in
the area shall be collected and kept as a record for future reference.
Layers of Landfill

22. • Black Water
1. Leach Pit 2. Septic
Tank
Source: The Hindu (School from Ernakulam, Kerala)
Source: Google
 The lining in brick work should be 115 mm thick (half brick)
with honey combing up to the invert level of incoming pipe or
drain
 The size of holes should be about 50 mm wide up to the height
of the brick course
 The minimum distance between Leach pit and nearest water
body should be 10 m
 Should not encourage in rural areas
 Availability of proper transport system to carry effluent
to nearby treatment plant

23. • Grey Water
Source: Ujan Haripada H. S, W Midnapur, WB
1. Kitchen Garden with Piped Root Zone System
2. Kitchen Garden without Piped Root Zone System
Advantages
 Simple and cost effective technology
 Cent percent utilization of water to produce
vegetables and fruits
 Prevents water stagnation
 Prevents vector breeding
Treated greywater can be utilized to grow
vegetables, flowers or fruits in the Kitchen Garden
of the school. The growing vegetable also becomes
a source of supply for the Mid Day Meal
programme.

24. • Grey Water
Source: Google
 Brick lined pit constructed in honeycomb
masonry
 The volume of the structure is about 0.75 cubic
meters
 The honeycomb structure helps in leaching out
water for artificial recharge of ground water.
1. Leach Pit 2. Soak Pit
Soak pit is a dug out pit filled with stones or
preferably over burnt bricks. The large numbers
of stones or bricks increase the surface area over
which biological and chemical action takes
place. The water seeps into the ground and
reduces danger of polluting the ground water
sources.
Source: Google

25. • Grey Water
Source: SLWM in Rural areas, Technical
Note
3. Greywater Treatment and Reuse System
…………. water scarce areas, with specific treatment the greywater can be cleaned and reused not
only for gardening but for other use also.
Advantages
 Reduces fresh water requirement
 Prevents greywater stagnation
 Prevents vector breeding
 Use in flushing toilets to make
toilets functional
 Use of greywater in gardening
 Minimal risk to users of greywater
as it incorporates principles of
water safety.

27. Water Recharging

28. Awareness campaign

29. Water Digest Water Award given by Sri Gajendra Singh Sekhawat, Hon’ble Minister of
Jal Sakti, Govt. Of india

30. Burning waste
 Very few schools still use incinerators. They're usually only used at remote
schools without easy access to other waste disposal facilities. Incinerators
put contaminants into the air and can be a health hazard.

31. Using an incinerator
 If you still have an incinerator and the resource consent to use it:
 burn only appropriate materials, for example, don’t burn plastic (the rules
for what’s appropriate are different between areas)
 make sure the incinerator is working efficiently
 make sure the incinerator is maintained and regularly cleaned.

32. Incinerator and Sanitary Vending Machine

33. Source: SLWM in Rural areas, Technical
Note
Students
• Comply with procedures for use and care of solid and liquid waste
• Observe appropriate hygiene measures
• Participate in cleaning and maintenance of school premises along with WASH facilities
• Monitoring cleanliness of water, sanitation and hygiene facilities and the availability of consumables
• Promote healthy hygiene at home and in the community by sharing the lessons you learned at school with
your siblings and friends.
Mid-Day Meal Cook & Helper
• The leftover food should be thrown to designated municipal waste bin or used for composting as per
standard procedure
• Food should be cooked strictly as per requirement to prevent wastage
• Food should not be thrown away in and artound class romm where it attracts animal pests or lead to growth
of micro-organisms

34. Source: SLWM in Rural areas, Technical
Note
Teachers
• Form a exclusive committee of SLRM including child cabinet members, teacher and member from
parent body
• Asses present situation and scope of further improvement based on available resources
• Plan for extended support from other programs and panchayat/municipality
• Select right technology for solid as well as liquid waste along with necessary arrangements (waste bins,
incinerators etc) based on type and quantity of waste
• Make all the students participative, so that they can carry the learning to their home
Parents
• Encourage children to comply with basic principles of waste segregation procedures during use and care
of water and sanitation facilities at school, and develop positive hygiene behaviors
• Support, or participate actively in, parent-teachers associations or similar bodies
• Construct household level compost unit at home and encourage others to use them properly.
• Promote healthy hygiene practices at home and in the community

36. Future goal- Zero Waste
 Why Zero Waste?
 Zero Waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, efficient and
visionary, to guide students/people in changing their lifestyles and
practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all
discarded materials are designed to become resources for others
to use.
 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs17)

37. 1. Waste characterisation
Try to track down recycling opportunities
for your predominant waste. It is
worthwhile for recyclers to collect big
volumes
 Paper Waste
 Food scrap from MDM
SELF-MONITORING FORM

38. 2. Resource availability
Sr No Technology Applicability
Solid Waste Management
1 Underground Lined manure pit or
Garbage Pit
with an open space of about 7 square m
2 Overground heap with an open space of about 7 square m
3 Vermicomposting With an open space of about 6 square m
4 Biogas  Even surface - marshy land to be avoided and ground water level should be below 6-7 m
 Higher elevation than the surrounding so that there are no chances of water logging in rainy season
 As near as possible to the source of feed materials (animal waste-cattle dung, human waste-excreta and urine,
kitchen/food wastes
 As near as possible to the points of utilization of biogas, say kitchen, in rural homes/hostels/food establishments/mandis
 There should be enough open space to build biogas plant and to store digested slurry for management by its side
 A place fully exposed to sunlight
 Away from drinking water well or similar source of water
 There should not be any big trees near the site since they may prevent the sun’s rays falling on the biogas plant and
roots may cause damage to the digester.
5 Landfill  Located at the outskirts of the village
 Accessible
 On vacant/uncultivated land
 Located in the natural depressions with slight slopes
 Waste from landfills leaches into the aquifer below site should be such as to avoid surface water and groundwater
pollution

39. 2. Resource availability
Sr No Technology Applicability
Liquid Waste Management
6 Kitchen Garden with Piped Root
Zone System
Schools with adequate court-yard for kitchen garden
7 Kitchen Garden without Piped
Root Zone System
Schools with adequate court-yard for kitchen garden
8 Leach Pit for Grey water
Management
Schools without adequate space for kitchen garden where waste water discharge is relatively more
9 Soak Pit Schools without adequate space for kitchen garden
10 Level Greywater Treatment and
Reuse System
Schools have enough space for constructing chambers and where waste water discharge is relatively more

40. Question & Answer
Feedback
hariswami.malda@gmail.com
Whatsapp: 7797043133

41. Thank You