Livelihood Restoration post conflict

© SRK Consulting (UK) Ltd 2014. All rights reserved.
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Presenter:
Location:
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An Adaptive Capabilities Approach
Livelihood Restoration in Complex
Situations
Dr Cathryn MacCallum
Mines and Money London2014

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© SRK Consulting (UK) Ltd 2014. All rights reserved.© SRK Consulting (UK) Ltd 2014. All rights reserved.
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THE BIG FIVE
Mines and Money London 2014

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Artisanal Mining Local Content
Involuntary Resettlement
Good Governance Indigenous Communities
SOCIAL ISSUESAFFECTING LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION

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AWICKED PROBLEM
Displacement, migration and resettlement in Africa has traditionally been attributed
to conflict, natural disasters, developmental pressure, extraction of natural
resources or a combination of these.
Livelihood Restoration in such difficult, complex situations poses a wicked problem
(Rittel and Webber 1973).

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COMMON FEATURES OF CONFLICTAFFECTEDAREAS
AFRICA’s CONFLICT STATES WHERE SRK WORKS
•  Conflict reduces economic growth;
•  Vulnerability differs sub-nationally;
•  Reduces capacity with bad business
environment;
•  Affects human behaviour and attitudes;
•  Destruction of societal structures and
relationships ,
•  Weak governance, corruption and
insecurity;
•  Political instability, human rights violations;
•  Livelihoods have to be reestablished or new
ones established;
•  Delivery of and access to services are
lacking;
•  Poverty becomes a persistent condition,
short and long term;
•  May contribute to economic growth where
the motivation to develop and use skills are
evident.

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RESETTLEMENT
How do you explain, diagnose, predict
and plan for re-development?
Shift away from an compensation of
losses towards reconstruction and
restoration of livelihoods;
Addressing negative impacts rarely
result in major improvements of
‘resettlers’ livelihoods;
Effective livelihood restoration should
build on what is already there;
It is important to understand how
people’s livelihoods change as well as
their views.
. Mines and Money London 2014
IFC PS 5 requires resettlers are similar or
better off than before – not difficult in a
situation where people are already landless

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LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION
Real improvements in peoples lives can only be realised when the opportunities
and challenges associated with the development assistance and resettlement
practice are understood and used to inform and influence practice.
‘Resettlers’ often struggle to adapt to new options being offered

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Moving from Needs toAssets
•  Start with deficiencies and needs
in the community
•  Respond to problems
•  Provide services to users
•  Substitutes Government services
•  Focus on individuals
•  See people as beneficiaries
receiving services
•  Treats people as passive and
done-to
•  Implement programmes as the
answer
•  ‘Fix people’
•  Start with the assets in the
community
•  Identify opportunities and strengths
•  Invest in people as citizens
•  Build the capacity of communities
•  Focus on communities and the
common goals
•  See people as co-producers with
something to offer
•  Help people to take control of their
lives
•  Support people to develop their
potential
•  See people as the answer
Traditional Needs Based Approaches An Asset Based Approach

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ADAPTIVE CAPABILITIES
Influenced by what
they are exposed to.
Values
The ability to be, do
and choose what you
value
Freedoms
Made based on what
people value
Choices

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LIVELIHOODS FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE CHANGE
Cathryn MacCallum 2013
Focusing on adaptive capabilities is progressive
and appropriate for managing wicked problems
Investigation of
livelihood dynamics in a
given geography and
historical context;
Livelihoods are dynamic
and complex;
Interactions of the
different capital assets
within a broader policy
environment;
Land is just one among
several assets.
. Mines and Money London 2014

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SRKs SUSTAINABLE CHANGE MODEL – Planning phase
Livelihoods
Analysis of Assets
and Strengths
Understanding of the
different livelihood
assets that people
have access to,
ownership and or
control of
Sustainable
Change Outcomes
Negotiate the
viability of change
and desired
outcomes alongside
dynamism of
livelihood realities
Policy Makers
and Institutional
influences
Identification of
governance
structures that
influence or are
involvement in/on
local realities
Space for Cross
Sectorial Global
Learning
Critical reflection on
the local/ global
pressures and
influences on local
realities and their
interdependencies

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SRKs SUSTAINABLE CHANGE MODEL – Implementation Phase
Technical
Innovation
Culturally and ecologically
acceptable external intervention
Critical Reflection
and Review
Acknowledge mistakes and
successes and to be able
determine the reasons why.
Addressing
Constraints
Redefine desired sustainable
change outcomes and
determines how to proceed

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embrace dissonance and be ‘not quite right’
Said (2003)
THANKYOU
cmaccallum@srk.co.uk
www.srk.co.uk

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© SRK Consulting (UK) Limited 2014 version: 14-09-01

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