1. S
Polynomial Based
Realistic Load
Presentation for a
Baghdad Area
Distribution Substation
1

2. What is Load Presentation ?
Electrical Load Model is the
Mathematical representation of the
relation between a bus voltage and
active and reactive power of load
2

3. Exponential Based
Polynomial Based
EPRI LOADSYN
EPRI ETMSP
CLOAD
3
Types of load models :

4. Load Variation
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57
KVA
4

5. 10.80
10.85
10.90
10.95
11.00
11.05
11.10
11.15
11.20
11.25
11.30
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57
VoltagekV
Voltage Profile
5

6. 48.7
48.9
49.1
49.3
49.5
49.7
49.9
50.1
50.3
50.5
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57
Frequency
Frequency Profile
6
Accurate Load Presentation
Includes Frequency Variation

7. 7
P+jQ
Electrical
Load
P(v,f)+jQ(v,
f)

8. 8
Distribution
Network
Impedance
Zd
Constant
Impedanc
e
Loads
Z=const.
I=const. P=const.
I.M
Z I P
Zd
• Transformers
• Conductors
• Capacitors
• Voltage
Regulators
Induction
Motor
Equivalent

9. NO
Yes

10. 10
Test Feeder (14
Sana’a)

11. 11

12. 12
Number of Generations
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
ERRP ERRQ
4
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
3
2
1
5
5.5E-5
GA convergence

13. 13
Results

14. 14
 Dynamic Studies un-optimistic results
 Power Flow un-realistic results
 Optimal Power Flow wrong decisions
 Operational Studies (on-line) pessimistic results
 Planning Studies Over-Designed (un-necessary
network modifications ,expansions) results will cause
additional costs

15. 15