Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs, which do not function like normal lung cells. Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke are major risk factors for lung cancer. There are two main types of lung cancer - non-small cell and small cell. Screening and treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death.

1. Lung Cancer
MBC 114 Anatomy, Physiology, and Coding of the Respiratory System, the
Cardiovascular System, and the Senses.
By
Dixie Beougher

2. What is Lung Cancer?
• Lung cancer is the
uncontrolled growth of
abnormal cells, these cells
do not carry out the
function of normal cells
and do not develop into
healthy lung tissue.
• Lung cancer is a cancer
that develops in the
tissues of the lung,
usually the tissues lining
the airways.
• There are two types of
lung cancer: small cell and
non small cell.

3. Facts
• Since 1964 the Surgeon General’s Report has
included statistics and trials that confirm evidence on
the links between smoking and lung cancer.
• In the past 50 years it has become a fact that
smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
increase the risk to develop lung cancer.
• Smokers are 20 times more at risk than nonsmokers.
• Nonsmokers who have exposure to secondhand
smoke are 20% more likely to develop lung cancer
than those who are not exposed to secondhand
smoke.

4. Risk Factors
Factors associated with
increased risk of lung cancer
• Cigarette smoking
• Exposure to secondhand
smoke
• Radon exposure
• Occupational exposure to
lung carcinogens
• Air pollution
Interventions Associated With
Decreased Risk of Lung Cancer
• Smoking avoidance
• Smoking cessation
• Eliminating secondhand
smoke
• Reducing or eliminating
occupational exposure to
lung carcinogens
• Reducing or eliminating
exposure to radon

5. Lung Cancer cases in 2014
New cases
• 224,210
Deaths
• 159,260
Non small cell 85%
Small cell 15%
non small cell small cell

6. Lung Cancer Screening
• Screening by low-dose
helical computed
tomography-
20% relative
reduction in lung
cancer–specific
mortality and a 6.7%
reduction in overall
mortality
• Screening by chest x-
ray and/or sputum
cytology-
at least 95% of all
positive chest x-ray
screening exams (but
not all) do not result in
a lung cancer diagnosis
False-positive exams result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.

7. Staging Tests & Cancer Stages
• CT scan
• PET scan
• MRI
• Bone scan
The stage of lung cancer
depends mainly on...
The size of the lung tumor
How deeply the tumor has
invaded nearby tissue, such as
the chest wall
Whether lung cancer cells
have spread to lymph nodes
or other parts of the body
• Occult Stage Lung Tumor
No appearance on CT scan
• Stage 0 Lung Tumor
Abnormal cells are found only in the
innermost lining of the lung.
• Stage I Lung Cancer
The lung tumor is an invasive cancer.
The tumor is no more than 5 centimeters
(about 2 inches) across.
• Stage II Lung Cancer
The lung tumor is smaller than 7 centimeters
across, and cancer cells are found in
nearby lymph nodes
• Stage III Lung Cancer
The tumor may be any size. More than one
malignant tumor may be found within the
lung.
• Stage IV Lung Cancer
Malignant tumors are found in both lungs.

8. Xray of Lung Cancer & CT scan of Lung
Cancer

9. Treatment
Surgery
• Surgery may be an option for people with early-stage lung cancer.
• The surgeon usually removes only the part of the lung that contains cancer(lobectomy)
•
Radiation Therapy
• After surgery, radiation therapy can be used to destroy any cancer cells that may remain in the chest.
• In advanced lung cancer, radiation therapy may be used with chemotherapy.
• Radiation therapy can be used to help shrink a tumor that is blocking the airway.
• Radiation therapy can be used to help relieve pain from lung cancer that has spread to the bones or other tissues.
• Radiation therapy is often used to treat lung cancer that has spread to the brain.
•
Chemotherapy
• Chemotherapy may be used alone, with radiation therapy, or after surgery.
• Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. The drugs for lung cancer are usually given directly into a vein
(intravenously) through a thin needle.
Targeted Therapy
• Several kinds of targeted therapy are used for non-small cell lung cancer. One kind is used only if a lab test on the
cancer tissue shows a certain gene change. Targeted therapies can block the growth and spread of lung cancer
cells.

10. Coding Lung Cancer
2014 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 162.9
Regardless of the cell type, the ICD-9-CM code for
primary malignant neoplasm of the lung is 162.x,
with the fourth-digit subcategory identifying the
specified site of the cancer.
2014 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code C34.90
Malignant neoplasm of unspecified part of unspecified
bronchus or lung

11. Coding Lung Cancer Treatment
• Wedge resection (32505) or thoracoscopic wedge
resection is the removal of a small portion of the
affected lung.
This procedure should not be confused with a wedge
biopsy of the lung (31628) or thoracoscopic wedge
biopsy of lung (32607).
Which is the removal of a small sample of lung tissue for
microscopic examination.
• Lobectomy (32480) is the removal of the entire lobe of
the lung.
• Pneumonectomy (32440) is the removal of the entire
right or left lung.

12. Costs of care.
• Average Annual Costs of Care, Lung Cancer: $60,533
(female); $60,885 (male); for individuals over age 65.
• Out-of-pocket costs (OPC) and time costs (TC) for
patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
and their caregiver's averages between $323 and $8,011
per month.
• Medicare does not pay for screening exams, but they will
help pay for the costs of treatment.

13. References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Retrieved from:
http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/diagnosis_treatmen
t.htm
National Cancer Institute –What you need to know about Lung
Cancer.
Retrieved from:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/lung
https://www.mymedicarematters.org/staying-healthy/disease-
information/cancer/medicare-coverage-cost/
http://www.fortherecordmag.com/archives/041111p27.shtml