Smoking is the major cause for air pollution

1. Presented by:
P.DIVYA POOJA
Y17PHD0822
II/VI PHARM-D
NIRMALA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

2. What is air pollution?
 Air is the ocean that we breathe. Air supplies us with
oxygen which is essential for our body.
 Air is 99% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour and inert gases.
 Human activities can release substances into the air, some
of which can cause problems to humans, plants and
animals.

3. Types of air pollution
Indoor:
 Many people spend a large portion of time indoors- as
much as 80-90% of their lives. We work, study, eat, drink
and sleep in enclosed environments where air circulation
may be released.
Outdoor:
 Smog is a type of large scale outdoor pollution. It is
caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived
from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and
industrial emissions.

4. Pollutants
 A pollutant is a substance that can have adverse effects on
human and ecosystem.
 This substance can be a solid/liquid/ gaseous molecule.
 Pollutants may be of a natural origin or man made.
 Pollutants are classified into 2 types
1.Primary pollutants
2.Secondary pollutants

5. Primary pollutants are-
• Carbon dioxide
• Sulphur oxide
• Nitrogen oxide
• Carbon monoxide
• Volatile organic compounds
• Particulates
• Persistent free radicals
• Toxic metals
• Chlorofluoro carbons
• Ammonia
• Radioactive pollutants

6.  Secondary pollutants are-
• Smog
• UV rays
• Ozone
• Peroxy acetyl nitrate

7. Does smoking cause air pollution?
• Air pollution emitted by cigarettes is 10 times greater than
diesel car exhaust, suggests a controlled experiment,
reported in tobacco control.
• Environmental tobacco smoke produces fine particulate
matter, which is most dangerous element of air pollution
for health.
• Cigars causes environmental pollution by releasing toxic
air pollutants into atmosphere. Cigarette butts also litter
environment & the toxic chemicals in the remains seep
into soils and waterways.

8.  The cigarette butts also litter environment and the toxic
chemicals in the remains seep into the soils & waterways
 Therefore, causing soil & water pollution also.
 Air pollution kills more people worldwide each year that
causes AIDS, Malaria, DM, TB.
 In US, air pollution is considered equivalent to detrimental
health effects of smoking 0.4-1.6 cigars/day.

9. Harmful products from cigars
 Nicotine- addictive drug that produces the effect people
are looking for& one of the harshest chemicals in tobacco
smoke
 Hydrogen cyanide- particularly effects the organs with
low oxygen levels: CVS, CNS, lungs
 Formaldehyde- present in air at 0.1 ppm and produces
side effects like watery eyes, burning sensation in eyes,
nose and throat, cough, wheeze, nausea and skin irritation.
 Lead-higher levels exposure leads to aneamia, weakness,
ckd’s and in severe conditions excessive deposition may
leads to death.

10.  Ammonia-exposure to higher amounts of ammonia in air
causes immediate side effects like burning nose, eyes and
throat. Causes bronchial and alveolar edema resulting in
airway destruction and respiratory failure.
 Radioactive like Benzene- Released while tobacco is
burned and leads to lung cancer.
 CO-poisoning occurs when accumulated in bloodstream.
It replaces oxygen in RBC with CO, which may leads to
tissue damage and even in severe conditions causes death.

11.  Nitrosamines-highly carcinogenic in humans.
Epidemiological studies on Nitrosamines proved a high
risk of gastric cancer.
 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons- causes short term
symptoms like eye irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
and confusion. Long term effects may includes kidney
damage, liver damage and jaundice.
 Benzopyrene is a common type of PAH causing cancer in
animals.

12. Diseases caused:
 Lung diseases and respiratory problems.
 Diseases like asthma and COPD can cause or trigger by
rising levels of air pollution.
 In many Indian metro-cities, air pollution is primary
trigger for breathing ailments in children.
 Ischemic heart disease-40%
 Stroke-40%
 Lung cancer-6%
 Acute lower respiratory infections-3%

13.  A non-smoker exposed to second hand smoking has 20-
30% higher risk of developing lung cancer.
 Second hand smoking causes 7,330 deaths per year.
 Plaque formed due to the depositions narrows the arteries
and reduces blood flow to heart muscles.
 Formation of plaque may also results in the blood clots in
arteries
 Smoking contributes to atherosclerosis and increases risk
of death caused due to the CVS disorders.