Artificial intelligence, for education al purposes.

1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: IMPACT ON JOBS & EMPLOYMENT
By: Saurabh Joshi

2. Agenda
01
02
03
04
Automation to Autonomous
AI milestones
Waves if AI
Introduction to AI
01
Application of AI in various industries
AI applications
02
Distribution of job spectrum
Historical context: Agricultural and industrial revolution
AI – Net gain or loss?
03
Society & State response
04
Conclusion
05

3. Introduction to AI

4. Artificial Intelligence
The use of technology to replace human effort
(physical & cognitive)
Automated –Replacing human effort on pre-
defined tasks.
Autonomous – Replacing human effort (mostly
cognitive) by being able to take decisions based
on sensor inputs.
Semi-automated
e.g. Loading/ unloading
ops
Automated
e.g. Assembly plant
Semi-autonomous
e.g. Autopilot
Autonomous
e.g. Waymo’s self driving car

5. Prof John McCarthy
Dartmouth college
1956
AI Milestones
1966
1980
1988
1997
2004
2012
2015
2016
2018
Eliza - MIT
IBM – Language
Translation
DARPA – Grand
Challenge
Deep Blue
Gary Kasporov
XCON-DEC
Google & Stanford:
Feline images –
Unsupervised learning.
Imagenet – MIT & Univ. of
Toronto
Alphago
Waymo's Self driving
cars

6. 01
02
03
04
Waves of AI
01
02
03
Addition of common sense and ethics
AI will be able to conceptualise and abstract things
May not require a lot of data points to learn.
Contextual Adaptation
Uses a lot of data for machine to extract the rules to learn by itself - (Image/Audio
recognition, NLP)
Collect and prepare data to train machines.
Good in learning by perceiving but cannot do abstracting (A is a better actor than
B)
Problem – Insufficient data or bad data can lead to wrong rules lead to bad
results. Even if 98% accuracy in certain conditions is not good (e.g.
life/death situations)
Statistical learning
Breaking a bigger problem to smaller problems & define rule for each smaller problem
Defining rule and mimic how humans think.
Problem – If a situation is not defined the system doesn’t work. Works in very narrow problem
set and it doesn’t learn.
.
Handcrafted Knowledge
04

7. Applications

8. Applications of AI
Sectors
Mobility
FMCG/eCommerce
Healthcare
Cyber
Finance
Manufacturing
Social Media
Aerospace & Defence
Functions
Automation
Credit worthiness/Fraud
prevention
Inventory management
Customer acquisition/Brand
loyalty.
Data security
Natural Language
processing
Facilitate ease of use of a product
AI acts as personal assistant facilitating actions of a
user while using a product.
Replacement of manual labour
Repetitive laborious tasks can be performed
by AI powered machines.
Reduction of human exposure in hazardous
zones
Accuracy
With correct programming, Intelligent machines can
perform tasks more accurately than humans thereby
reducing the error rates and increasing the quality.
Decision making
AI can handle massive computations and work out
various scenarios suggesting the best outcome in a
real quick time.

9. Net gain or loss?

10. Job functions – Replacement by AI
Support tasks – Clerical data
work, office support, factory
workers, payroll, admin
assistants, general mechanics,
food preparation, cleaning,
drivers, mundane manual labour.
Predictable
&
Repetitive tasks
Construction workers,
crane operators,
installation and repair
technicians, warfighters.
Artists, designers,
teachers, educational
professionals, childcare
professionals, AI
engineers.
Computer engineers &
specialists, team managers
& executives, sales &
business development
Customer care, food service,
safety and security workers,
transport maintenance
technicians.
Non – Repetitive,
cognitive tasks
IMF predicts 11% of jobs held by women are at the risk of
elimination.
Financial services 50% workforce women but only 25% are
at senior positions which may be insulated from AI.
US: 85% of bank tellers are female.
WEF-Linkedin study - Only 22% of AI professionals are
women -
Impact on women

11. AI has made previously
impossible tasks doable now
and opened up a spectrum of
new job functions.
New roles enabled by AI
• Machine Learning Engineers.
• Data Scientists and Data
Analysts.
• Research Scientists.
• Process Automation Specialists.
AI has reduced the cost of
production thereby making
products and services
cheaper further increasing the
demand and consumption.
Job functions – AI Fueling employment growth
AI has enabled better user
experience and enhanced
quality thereby further
increasing the demand and
consumption.
Reduction in existing roles offset by
increase in job opportunities towards the
cognitive spectrum of job distribution.
• Information Security
Analysts.
• User Experience
Developers/analysts.
• App Developers.
• Robotic Trainers.
• Technical Training Experts

12. Societal & State Response
to AI revolution

13. Life long learning due to
changing nature of
employment landscape.
Short term training
programs.
More collaboration.
Interconnected applications
and functions will require
greater partnerships.
Encourage risk taking
behaviour and exploring
new avenues.
Redesign regulations and
laws for market.
New businesses coming up.
Ethics in AI
New strategy for
education.
Review of schooling and
college educational
system.
Encourage entrepreneurial
mindset.
Society need to motivate
people to take risk and
think out of box.
Agile and flexible mindset.
Societal
& State
response
Society & State Response
Science Technology Engineering Arts Mathematics
Education System (STEAM)

14. Key Takeaways

15. Thank You