Vincent Pluvinage OneD Battery Sciences

1. © 2 0 2 2 • A l l R i g h t s R e s e r v e d
SINANODE: SILICON SIMPLIFIED
Vincent Pluvinage, PhD

2. © 2 0 2 2 2
Near-term Differentiation
Drives Long-term Market Share
Longer Range
Faster Charging
More Affordable
“EV 2.0”

3. © 2 0 2 2 2
Near-term Differentiation
Drives Long-term Market Share
2025-2029
$5.9T
@$50k/E V
Longer Range
Faster Charging
More Affordable
“EV 2.0”

4. © 2 0 2 2 2
Near-term Differentiation
Drives Long-term Market Share
2025-2029
$5.9T
@$50k/E V
2030 - 2034
$8.7T
@$40k/E V
Longer Range
Faster Charging
More Affordable
“EV 2.0”

5. © 2 0 2 2 3
Constrained Thinking
(2007)

6. © 2 0 2 2 3
Constrained Thinking
(2007)
Simplified
Thinking

7. © 2 0 2 2 4
Lithium Ions
Electrons
Nano-Particles
=
Excessive
Surface Area
Volume Changes
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si Si
Si
Si Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si
Si
Specific Capacity
Silicon = 10x Graphite

8. © 2 0 2 2 5
Added Surfaces
=
Carbon Shell
Carbon Scaffold
Pores
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si Si
Si
Si Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Reduced
Nano-Silicon Capacity
+
Increased
Inactive Materials
Lithium Ions
Electrons

9. © 2 0 2 2 6
Lithium Ions Must Diffuse Thru Carbon
ENCAPSULATED SILICON

10. © 2 0 2 2
Many Attempts to Replace Commercial Graphite
with Silicon inside Special Carbons
ENCAPSULATED SILICON

11. © 2 0 2 2 8
1 μm
The Only Technology Fusing Nano-Silicon
on Commercial Graphites
INTEGRATED SILICON
Silicon Nanowires Fused to Graphite
• Low surface area
• Electrically connected
• No inactive materials

12. © 2 0 2 2
SILICON INSIDE CARBON MATRIX
ENCAPSULATED SILICON
vs. SILICON NANOWIRES FUSED TO EV-GRADE GRAPHITE
INTEGRATED SILICON
9
Silicon: Constrained vs Accessible

13. © 2 0 2 2
SILICON INSIDE CARBON MATRIX
ENCAPSULATED SILICON
vs.
SILICON DEPOSITS
+ INACTIVE CARBON
SILICON NANOWIRES FUSED TO EV-GRADE GRAPHITE
INTEGRATED SILICON
Higher Energy Density – Faster Charging
SILICON NANOWIRES
+ ACTIVE GRAPHITE
Slower Diffusion Path LITHIUM IONS Faster Diffusion Path
POLYMERS
More Polymers Fewer Polymers
CONDUCTIVITY
Higher Resistance Path Lower Resistance Path
10
< 2,000 mAh/g Si REV CAPACITY 3,250 mAh/g
GRAPHITE
Mixed in slurry Attached prior to slurry

14. © 2 0 2 2 11
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 300 600 900 1200
Specific Capacity (mAh/g)
Vo
l
t
a
g
e
(
m
V
)
21% Silicon Nanowires
On Graphite
50% Silicon Oxide
Mixed with Graphite
Comparing
Coulombic Losses

15. © 2 0 2 2 11
SINANODE 21% Silicon Nanowires on graphite
Outperforms 50% Silicon Oxide with Graphite
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 300 600 900 1200
Specific Capacity (mAh/g)
Vo
l
t
a
g
e
(
m
V
)
21% Silicon Nanowires
On Graphite
50% Silicon Oxide
Mixed with Graphite
Comparing
Coulombic Losses

16. © 2 0 2 2 12
0
375
750
1125
1500
0 25 50 75 100
Anode
Potential
(mV
vs.
Li/Li
+
)
Normalized Lithiation Capacity (%)
Si Nanowires
Graphite
Silicon Nanowires’ Fast Lithiation

17. © 2 0 2 2 12
0
375
750
1125
1500
0 25 50 75 100
Anode
Potential
(mV
vs.
Li/Li
+
)
Normalized Lithiation Capacity (%)
Si Nanowires
Graphite
Silicon Nanowires Lithiate First
= Safe Faster (> 4C) Charging
Avoiding Lithium Plating
Silicon Nanowires’ Fast Lithiation

18. © 2 0 2 2 13
PERFORMANCE
Accessible Si Nanowires
Charges Faster
Attached Si Nanowires
Enables Dry Coated Electrodes
Si-enhanced Graphites
Leverages Leading Suppliers
Access to Global IP Toolbox
Secures Roadmap
COST SCALABILITY DIFFERENTIATION
SAFE 4C
< $ 2 / kWh in Si Variable Cost
1 $ Billion in Cell Capex Saving
~
Graphite Suppliers
EV Cell Makers
> 220 Granted Patents
USA, Europe, Asia

19. © 2 0 2 2 14
Silicon Simplified