During most of history, little was known about how the heart worked or if it could be treated. Thanks to discoveries by figures like Vesalius in the 16th century, who published the first accurate anatomy atlas, and Werner Forssmann, who pioneered catheterization in the early 20th century, modern knowledge of the heart has developed. John Gibbon later created the first heart-lung machine, allowing surgery to be done on a stopped heart. Today, innovative procedures like repairing heart valves through small incisions are allowing elderly patients to benefit from cardiac surgery. Each new contribution has helped advance this life-saving specialty.

1. History of the human heart
INTRODUCTION
Duringmost of medical historywe hadnoideaof the thingsthatthe heartdid,muchlessif it could
be cured,nowadaysthanksto the discoveriesandstudiesof these charactersinhistorywhobet
everythingon the desire toknowandgive The answertoyour doubtsisthat we have an ideaof
howit works,howitis treated,evenhow itreplacesthisorgan,whichissoimportantforthe
humanbeing,these studieswere notonlybasedonthe heartbutalsoon how the ideal
environmenthastobe preparedfora surgical process.
1.
THE RISE OF MODERN ANATOMY 1.1
Precise anddetailedknowledgeof the humanbodyisimportantforany surgery,whichiswhyin
the middle of the 16th century,doctorshad imprecise knowledge of humananatomy,since the
dissectionof humanbodieswasprohibitedfromthe beginningof knownhistory,the existing
knowledge atthattime wasderiveddissectionsinanimals,since everythingthatwasknownand
that had beentaughtaboutanatomyhad come fromthe writingsof the greatGaleanowho
extrapolarwholearnedfromanimalstohumans.
1.2
This made himhave a powerful medical figure,until ayoungmanappearedtoinnovate this
knowledge bydoinghisowndissections,seeingforhimself whatwasthere andaffirmingthat
Galeanowaswrong,hisname was AndrésVesalia,whowith29yearsin1543 createdthe first
atlasof humananatomycalledrelative tothe structure of the humanbodyin sevenbookswhere
he showedthatGaleanowas wrong,because he wasrevolutionaryinthe wayhe presentedthe
humanbodyand that iswhy he washailedasthe fatherof modernanatomy.
two.
CATHETERIMOS AS SOMETHING NEW FOR MEDICINE 1.3
Years passedandin1880 one of the most eminentsurgeonsinEurope said"asurgeonwhotriesto
suture a heart wounddeservestolose the esteemof hiscolleagues"becauseitwascrazy to dare
to do so,WenerForcemandidnot thinkthe same as others,he thoughtthatif a tube couldbe
placedinthe humanheart itcould be usedto administerdrugsor injectdyesthatwouldmake it
easyto see the heartwithx-rays,despite the prohibitionsonexperimentingwithpatients,he
decidedtouse the onlyhumanspecimenhe had,he didA small cut inthe foldof hiscodollegoto
the veinand insertedthe tube andan x-raywastakenwhere itwas observedthathe hadbeen
successful withthistestandpublishedthe resultsof hisstudies.

2. 5.2
That is whyJhonGibbonthoughtof creatinga machine that wouldtake overthe functionsof the
heartand lungswhile the heartof the patientwasstopped,withthe helpof hiswife Melehe built
the firstrudimentarypumpwhichhe testedoncatsand in1935 Gibbonsucceededinstoppingthe
heart.of a cat for several minutes.OnMay 6, 1953 Gibbonusedthe machine tooperate onan 18-
year-oldgirl withahole betweentwoof the chambersof the heart,everythingwentwell andwith
thishe showedthather heart-lungwasworking.
6. PATIENT FOR THE FIRST TIME.
6.1
Thanksto these contributions,cardiacsurgeryisknownasone of the innovative specialtiestoday,
thiscan be seenreflectedinthe case of Dr. JamesSnow whoat age 70 underwentcardiacsurgery
for the firsttime inhislife due toan infectionknownas"bacterial endocarditis”,thisinfection
consumedthe valve of hisheartcausingthe rupture of the cordsand that the finis hanging.
6.2
Thisledhimto seeka treatmentinthe handsof Dr. StevenKolb,whocurrentlymanagesan
innovative processthroughatinyincisiononthe side of the chest where he will enterthe cavity
and thenrepairthe part of the valve thathas brokenpieces,joinsthe tissuesandreinforce the
surroundingareawitha band,traditionallyheartsurgerylike hershadrequiredalengthyhospital
stay buttoday itamazinglyonlytakesthree daystoleave the hospital withahealthyheartand
onlya small scar on the chest.
CONCLUSION.
Throughouthistory,eachcontribution,nomatterhow minimal,helpedthe developmentof this
specialty,andasuitable surgical environment totreatanytype of pathologythataffectspeople's
health,whichastime goesbybecomesmore innovativelookingforthe well-beingof Hispatients,
since theyare the oneswhomotivate the professionalstocontinue investigatingtoresolveall the
existingdoubts,thisdesiretoknowwaskeyto discoveringeverythingthatisknowntoday.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Documentary"historyof the heart"by GalenFlemin