presentation

1. CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATED
TEMPERATURE SENSING DEVICE USING IOT
PRESENTED BY:
PASCHAL BOMA EZEKIEL-HART
ND2020/3010/019
AND
EMERALD ALALIBO JUMBO
ND2020/3010/020
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQURIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE
NATONAL DIPLOMA IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC OF OIL AND GAS BONNY,
RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
JULY 2022

2. DECLARATION
This is to certify that this project work on construction of an automated
conducted by PASCHAL BOMA EZEKIEL-HART with matriculation number
ND2020/3010/019 and EMERALD ALALIBO JUMBO with matriculation
number ND2020/3010/020 under my supervision and is the original
work of the candidate. That this work is submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of National Diploma in the Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Federal Polytechnic
of Oil and Gas, Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria.
PASCHAL BOMA EZEKIEL-HART ………………………………………
Student name signature and date
EMERALD ALALIBO JUMBO …………………………………………
Student name signature and date
Engr. HERBERT ………………………………………..
Supervisors name signature and date

3. CERTIFICATION
This board of examiners certifies as follows: that this project work is
the original work of the candidate. That this is accepted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of National Diploma in
the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology
Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas, Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Engr.
HERBERT ……………….………………
Supervisor Name Signature Date
Engr. MC KELLY T. PEPPLE ………………………………
Head of Department Name Signature Date
Dr OGOLO NAOMI AMONI ………………………………
Dean, School of Engineering Name Signature Date

4. DEDICATION
This research project is first dedicated to “ALMIGHTY
GOD” for the strength he bestowed on us in
completing this work. Secondly to both parents Mr.
and Mrs. BOMA EZEKIEL-HART and ALALIBO JUMBO.

5. ACKWONLEDGEMENT
We are most grateful to God Almighty, the sole provider of knowledge,
wisdom, strength and love throughout the period of the research
project. We sincerely appreciate our supervisor, ENGR, HERBERT who
offered timely criticism and corrections that led to our various stages
of this project. We also want to appreciate both parents Mr. and Mrs.
BOMA EZEKIEL-HART and ALALIBO JUMBO and friends especially
OKOYE BENJAMIN for their unquantifiable love and assistance during
the course of this project. May God bless you all in Jesus name, Amen.

6. ABSTRACT
The system proposed in this paper is an advanced solution for monitoring
the weather condition as well as the temperature at a particular place
and make the information visible anywhere. The technology behind this
is internet of things (Iot), which is an advanced and efficient solution for
connecting the things to the in internet and to connect the entire world
of things in a network. Here things might be whatever like electronic
gadgets, sensors and automotive electronic equipment. The system
deals with monitoring and controlling the environment conditions like
temperature and relative humidity which send this information to the
cloud and then plot the sensor data as graphical statistics. The data
updated from the implemented system can be accessible and controlled
in the internet from anywhere in the world.

7. TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ................................................................................1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT..............................................................................................1
1.3 HYPOTHESIS/RESEARCH QUESTIONS ....................................................................1
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY................................................................................................1
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY.........................................................................................................2
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY ...........................................................................................2
1.8: DEFINITIONS OF TERMS ...........................................................................................2
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................... 4
LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................................4
2.1: REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS ................................................................................4
2.2: PROPOSED SYSTEM’S THEORIES............................................................................5
2.3: Expected Results from Hardware ...................................................................................8
CHAPTER THREE....................................................................................................................... 9
METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................................9
3.1 MATERIAL PARTS LIST ..............................................................................................9
3.2 HARDWARE DESIGN METHODS.............................................................................19
CHAPTER FOUR........................................................................................................................ 22
RESULTS/ANALYSIS......................................................................................................22
4.1 TESTING OF HARDWARE.........................................................................................22
4.2: HARDWARE RESULT/ANALYSIS...........................................................................23
CHAPTER FIVE.......................................................................................................................... 25
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS......................................25
5.1 SUMMARY...................................................................................................................25
5.2 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................25
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................25
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................26

8. CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Weather monitoring is an important aspect in many situations. For example, the
weather conditions are need to be monitored in order to maintain the healthy
growth in plants.
Other than that, it also needed for ensuring the safe environment in city
or suburban. The people who want to go to city can easily know
the weather on that time and will plan their travel easily. Today, there are some
announcement about the weather from radio or television but at a certain
time only and not efficient anymore. In modernization world,
technologyis important for human to facilitate everyday life. Hence, the t
echnology is used in this project to help the people to know the condition of
weather at a certain place by only
usingfingertips. The weather monitoring system can be categorized into
wired or wirelesssystem. In wireless communication, the connectivity
will be more convenient and user-friendly. Thus, weather monitoring
system would not need the responsible
person to be presence at the location. Wireless communication also is the
transfer of information or data over a distance without the use of wires from
the transmitter to the receiver. The distance of transferring data can be
short or long. The weather monitoring system will collect all the data and
will send to the application known as Blynk.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
A) problem of always keeping track of the environment
B) problem of always gaining access to control the temperatures in large industrial machines
C) problem of continuously going physically to on the cooling system when uncontrolled
level of heat has being detected
D) problem of shutting down all appliance when excessive heat have being detected by the
sensors
E) problems of adequately sensing the heat by the use of the sensor
F) problem of not sensing the humidity of the environment

9. 1.3 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this project is to design or construct an automated temperature
sensing device using iot (internet of things) that can capture and restore
temperature and humidity and after that send data to the cloud or
website for its analysis.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The objective of this project can be achieved through:
 By creating a wireless interface where data can be sent through the internet.
 By creating a wireless interface where component can communicate
 By keeping track of the temperature and humidity of a place through the use of
our sensors.
 By sending the information of the place which has being identified by the sensor
to the user from anywhere around the world
 And by giving the user the ability to turn on the cooling system (fan or air
condition) to keep the environment in a steady and inhabitable condition.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
 The significant of this study is to avoid excessive heating in and environment by
notifying the user when the heat have reached and unsafe level and by giving the
user the access to control the system by the application of cooling system from
any where around the world.

10. 1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
Node MCU microcontroller is the main component in the system that is connected to all
the components. The sensors for the system are connected to the analog input of the Node
MCU microcontroller. The Node MCU is also linked to the WiFi-WeMos ESP8266. All the collected data
will be send to Blynk application.

11. CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1: REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS
A) A F PAUZI1 AND M Z HASAN 1 FACULTY in 2017: propose a system
called development of iot based weather reporting system. The monitoring of
weather is really helpful in various applications like in critical scientific system or
for simulation purposes. In other fields like agriculture, disaster management and
medical suited environments. Weather sensing is one of the major functions in
aerospace application to check suited weather environment of other planets too.
For example, NASA mars REMS (Rover Environmental Monitoring Station) for
providing daily and seasonal reports. The need for this project came from the
support of a fact of very low popular devices and instruments are available that can
provide you live weather results. On top of that requirement of accessing it
anywhere.
B) REDDY ET AL IN 2018, proposed a low cost weather monitoring based on
the internet of things technology. The proposed system used several electronic
sensors for sensing the air conditions including hydrocarbon, sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxide, and so on. In case of reception of the dangerous gas values, the
system activated the warning alarm. Furthermore, it can communicate an short
message system(SMS) message to final user. Finally, it was connected to distance
database designed for storing the historical measurement.
C) DURRANI ET AL in 2019, propose a smart weather station for monitoring
weather parameters. This system is equipped with various sensors that collect data
from their location and then send them to the cloud. In addition, they can predict
the future station of weather by using machine learning algorithms.

12. 3. METHODOLOGY
The system's development was divided into three major phases:
Hardware design, Software design, and Working.
The circuit was first designed and simulated during the hardware development
phase. The circuit was built after it was confirmed that it produced the required
output correctly. The software development phase occurred concurrently with
the hardware development phase, and a modular approach was used in which the
programme was divided into several modules, each of which was tested
separately before being combined to form a working prognramme.
2.1.Project development flow
Figure 1 shows the research development flow of the proposed temperature,
humidity monitoring and controlling system. The idea is to implement a complete
temperature, humidity monitoring and controlling system. The IoT technology
was proposed based on a problem statement to improve the lifespan of plastic
encapsulations in IC packaging. The required hardware components were
purchased after the identification of the hardware based on the functional
requirements of the system. Then, the temperature, humidity monitoring and
controlling system was implemented using the purchased hardware, and the
required software will be developed at the same time. Both hardware and
software components were tested to ensure the requirements of the system
were met. If the system did not meet the requirements, troubleshooting process
will be carried out to find out the problems and possible solutions to solve it.
Otherwise, the temperature, humidity monitoring and controlling system cannot
be developed successfully
. 2.2.Design specification
The temperature, humidity monitoring and controlling system must be
sustainable in terms of economic, social and industrial needs. In order to improve
the efficiency of the system as well as to meet the requirements of proposed
solution, the design specifications of this project are set as follows:
• Measure the temperature and humidity of the environment all the time.
• Able to display the readings on the LCD.

13. • Implement IoT to the system.
• Acquired data can be uploaded to or retrieved from an online database.
• Display on the phone apps and record the previous history.
The temperature and humidity of the surrounding were measured using DHT11
which is specifically designed for these two measurements. Once the temperature
and humidity are measured, the readings are displayed on the LCD for monitoring
purpose.

14. 2.3.System block diagram
Figure 2 shows the block diagram of temperature, humidity monitoring and
controlling system based on IoT technology. The temperature and humidity
sensor is the input used to get the surrounding temperature and humidity inside
the room. The NodeMCU works as the brain of the system that receives data from
DHT11 sensor and upload them to the database. The DHT11 comes with built-in
temperature and humidity sensor, comprises of 16- bit resolution output and the
output is sent as serial data [13]. The sensor is a NTC (Negative Temperature
Coefficient) type, which means that the resistance decreases with increasing
temperature. It is factory calibrated and easy to interface with NodeMCU
microcontroller. It uses low operating voltage from 3.5V to 5.5V with also lower
operating current not more than 0.3mA. The sensor can measure temperature
from 0°C to 50°C and humidity from 20% to 90% with an accuracy of ±1°C and
±1% [14].
NODEMCU BOARD
BLYNK SERVER
SMART PHONE
LOAD
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
SENSOR(DH11) THERMISTOR
POWER
16*2 LCD DISPLAY

15. Fig. 2. Block diagram of temperature, humidity monitoring and controlling
system.
The NodeMCU also acts as a Wi-Fi module which creates the wireless
communication between the hardware and the database. The obtained data are
stored in the online database and can be monitored by any mobile applications.
The 16 × 2 LCD display is a unit used to display the data in real time.
3. Design Methodology
The main tasks of this research are shown as follows:
• Design a user interface using the LCD.
• Acquire data using the temperature and humidity sensor.
• Upload data to the online database using NodeMCU.
• Develop a database application for user to monitor the temperature and
humidity.
• Design a complete prototype of the system.
In measuring the surrounding temperature and humidity inside the room, the
temperature and humidity sensor is chosen because of its price. The sensing
method is to take data for every two seconds and send them to the NodeMCU.
The NodeMCU code is based on standard C programming language and it is
written as below.
Fig. 3. The schematic circuit

16. The schematic circuit and the microcontroller board are shown in Fig. 3. To
increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the sensor, instead of using
Perspex as the main body frame, an eco-friendly cardboard is chosen. The size is
minimized to reduce the space used to place the prototype as well as reducing
the manufacturing cost while considering the quality and the rigidity of the
prototype. Several types of prototype have been
3.1 MATERIAL PARTS LIST
The table below shows the material used and their quantity:
MATERIAL QUANTITY
NODEMCU BOARD 1
DH11 SENSOR 1
THERMISTOR 1
LCD DISPLAY 1
JUMPER WIRE 1

17. 1) NodeMCU Board: NodeMCU is an open source firmware for which
open source prototyping board designs are available. The name
"NodeMCU" combines "node" and "MCU" (micro-controller unit). The term
"NodeMCU" strictly speaking refers to the firmware rather than the
associated development kits. It is an open-source Lua-based firmware that
is designed for IoT (Internet of Things) applications. The module that runs
this firmware is ESP-12E and that module is based on 32-bit ESP8266
MCU. They are being programmed using arduino code.

18. 2) DH11 SENSOR: DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature
and humidity. This sensor can be easily interfaced with any micro-controller
such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc… to measure humidity and temperature
instantaneously. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to
measure the surrounding air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin(no
analog input pin needed).
3) thermistor: A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance is strongly
dependent on temperature, more so than in standard resistors. The word
thermistor is a portmanteau of thermal and resistor. Thermistors are divided
based on their conduction model.

19. 4) LCD SCREEN: 16×2 LCD is one kind of electronic device used to display the message and
data. The term LCD full form is Liquid Crystal Display. The display is named 16×2 LCD because
it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. it can be displayed (16×2=32) 32 characters in total and each
character will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots.
5) x) JUMPER WIRES: Wires are used for establishing electrical conductivity
between two devices of an electrical circuit. They possess negligible
resistance to the passage of current.

20. CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS/ANALYSIS
4.1 TESTING OF HARDWARE
4.1.1: DIAGRAM OF THE COMPLETED PROJECT
The figure below shows a picture of the completed construction of an
automated cooling system with alarm.
Figure 4.1: Figure Showing the Completed Project Work

21. 4.1.2: PROCEDURES ON HOW TO TEST FOR FULL PROJECT
FUNCTIONALITY
After the building of the project was completed and packaged, testing the
project became very important, because the testing involves checking that the
project works as stipulated, i.e., The project can be controlled manually and
also using the internet, where it is first connected to the internet (Wi-Fi). The
temperature and humidity sensor then measure the temperature and humidity
of the surrounding then send information to the user using the blynk app. The
user has the access to control the temperature and humidity by turning the fan
on from his mobile phone from anywhere around the world.
1) Plugging the plug to a socket or main
2) Connecting the NodeMCU Board to a hotspot on your phone.
3) Opening the blynk application on your phone
4) And checking if the temperature and humidity is high then turning the
fan ON.
Figure 4.2: Figure showing the plugged project work to a Supply Main

22. Figure 4.3: Figure showing how the NodeMCU Board is being connected to a
hotspot on the phone.
4.1.Software test
The language used to build up the coding is C language. C language is a common
language used in coding, computer programming, structured programming, and
recursion.
The system is first programmed to read the readings from the temperature and
humidity sensor. Once it gets the reading from the sensor, it will start to evaluate
the temperature value and the humidity level either the temperature or the
humidity level are in the standard level. The expected result is shown in Table 1.
All the temperature and humidity values are sent to the online database through
the Blynk platform, so that all the data can be recorded and reviewed. The
database used is on firebase which is a mobile and a web application
development platform.

23. 4.2.Hardware test
Figure 6 shows the LCD display with the temperature and humidity values
displayed. The microcontroller interfaces the temperature and humidity sensor
(DHT 11) and a relay which is used to control the load (humidifier). Table 2 shows
the LCD display which corresponds to the system operations.

24. From Fig. 7, as we know, the relative humidity level will decrease as the
temperature increase. Therefore, when the temperature is higher than 40℃, the
humidity level is lower than 35%, the relay will be set to HIGH in order to trigger
the humidifier to increase the humidity of the environment. Meanwhile, when the
temperature and the relative humidity level return back to standard range, the
humidifier will be turned off.

25. 4.3. Mobile application test
The data from database is taken through the Blynk platform and displayed on the
mobile application. This IoT function allows us to get the temperature and
humidity level through wireless communication no matter where we are. Figure 8
shows the real-time database update of the application. The application will
refresh itself every 3s. Figure 9 shows that through the mobile application,
reviewing and reading the previous data and histories from the temperature and
humidity sensor can be done. This is another good function for the user to analyse
and control the temperature and the relative humidity of the warehouse smartly.

26. 4.2: HARDWARE RESULT/ANALYSIS
As expected, as seen in the figure above the system measure the
temperature and humidity readings of a particular place and then pass on
the information to the user by the use of our nodemcu wire means. The
user sees the reading of the surrounding through the use of our blynk
application, which he/she can now ON/OFF the fan to keep the
temperature in its normal state.

27. CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 SUMMARY
This project helps us to monitor the temperature as well as the humidity of
an environment and helps us to access the data from anywhere around the
world through the use of blynk application on our mobile phone and to
control the state of the appliances by turning the fan ON/OFF, when the
sensor have detected unsafe level of the appliances.
5.2 CONCLUSION
in conclusion, the Nodemcu was useful in carrying out this project, which are able
to collect temperature and humidity parameters for indoor and outdoor, send the
collected parameters to the cloud via blynk app and retrieve the error values from
blynk app to activated/deactivate the cooling fan. The proposed system
successfully allows the sensor nodes to communicate and interact with the
actuator node through the blynk app platform. And this can be done from
anywhere around the world.

28. 5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
This study provides the following recommendations future researcher should consider and they
include:
1. This system can be improved by adding few more sensor and connect it to the satellite as
a global feature of this system.
2. By adding more sensors to monitor other environmental parameters such as CO2, pressure
and oxygen sensor.
It can also be implemented in hospitals or medical institutes for the research and study in “effect
of weather on health and diseases”, hence to provided better precautions alerts