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104/01/01
駕駛原理與方法
講師:
大豐汽車駕駛人訓練班
正確上車方式:
操控裝置
方向盤的操縱方式:
兩手分別握在方向盤的左右兩側,四指由外向內握,拇指在
邊緣自然伸直。
方向盤的時鐘標示
常見的方向盤型式:
方向盤的操作:
(1)在直線道路上行駛,兩手平穩的操作方向盤,避免不要
的晃動,修正行駛方向以左手為主,右手為輔助轉動方向
盤,轉動的速度應與行駛速度相同,當右手操縱其他機構
時,左手能自如轉動控制方向盤。
(2)轉向時,轉動方向盤應該一手推送,一手輔助拉接,
連續轉動方向盤時,應採用雙手交替法。
(3)轉向不足時,手部推拉動作。
變速箱排檔桿的操作方法
(1)排檔桿的操作方法:
左手握緊方向盤,右手掌握住變速箱的排檔桿,五指自然
握向手心。用右手和手腕的力量,柔和的進行推、拉及換檔
操作。切忌右手握不可以太緊和推拉力量過大。
手排車的排檔要領:
手排車的檔位,用H型概念解釋,通常一檔在左上,依序
左下,右上,右下,分別為2~4檔。倒檔在H型右邊下方,
若是有五檔的車,五檔在倒檔上方。
H型解釋了各檔的位置,獨缺空檔,空檔在H型中央橫線上,
稍微偏右,所以排動檔位時,沒有任何一檔是走直線的。
進一檔:由空檔向左,向上。
進二檔:先由一檔向下撥,回到空檔,
由空檔向左,向下。
進三檔:先由二檔向上撥,回到空檔,
由空檔微微向右,向上。
進四檔:先由三檔向下撥,回到空檔,
由空檔微微向右,向下。
加速依檔位順序增加1=>2=>3=>4。要牢記檔位順序。
減速依預判車速,排入適當檔位。意思是說,加速時,要一檔
一檔按順序增加檔位,減速則可以任意變換,到適當檔位。
進五檔:先由四檔向上撥,回到空檔,
由空檔向右方,平推到底,然後向上,
注意不可誤入下方的倒檔,高速時是後翻車的。
車輛完全停住,靜止不動,才可以入倒檔。否則齒輪會受損傷,
更嚴重的會翻車。
進倒檔:由空檔向右方,平推到底,然後向下。
換檔的基本動作:
打檔前,放空油門,離合器踩到底;
排出檔位到空檔,由空檔排入檔;
放掉離合器自由行程,腳根著地,
輕踩油門,慢慢放離合器,同時加油門。
習慣上走坡道,上坡用幾檔,下坡就用幾檔;過彎道,
路況差,涉水,上下坡,過平交道等,通常不能換檔,手握
排檔桿,防止跳檔的狀況。
自排車的排檔要領:
自排車利用自動變速箱的油壓裝置,當引擎扭力變化時,自動
配給適當的齒輪,完成不同齒輪比的變換需要。因此,自排車
並非沒有檔位,而是換檔的動作,由機械代替人工罷了。
我們開自排車,應當手中無檔,心中還是要有檔位的觀念。
檔位變換可以由幾個現象觀察到:引擎聲音變化;轉分表跳動;
車速變化。
P檔:停車時使用,排檔鎖住,車輪不會動。
R檔:倒車檔。
N檔:空檔。
D檔:前進檔。一般小車最多可到五個前進檔。
2檔:加力檔,限制使用1檔或2檔。長坡道用。
1檔:加力檔,限用1檔,陡坡用。
自排車檔位,排列如上,操作非常方便,許多人也就忽略掉,
許多應該注意的事。
P檔&N檔,只有這兩個檔,才可以發動引擎。
起步時,P檔至D檔,會經過R檔,所以換檔時,一定要採
煞車到底。
排檔桿握柄旁,拇指位置有一個大的按鈕,當排檔動作不
需確認時,是不需要按它的,如果拉不動排檔桿,壓下這個按
鈕,就可以動作。
譬如起步,P至R要確認,R至N,N至D則不需確認。
譬如爬坡,D至2,2至1都需要確認,反過來1至2,2至
D,D至N都不需確認,N至R,R至P則要確認。
變速箱換檔前,稍微放掉油門,可以減少換檔壓力,車行更為
順暢。有些車油門踩到底,是不會換檔的;
上坡重踩油門,可以強迫換低速檔,增加馬力。
暫停時少用N檔,暫停超過1分鐘,建議用P檔,既安全
又省油。
部份車種為增加駕控性能,在自排中加入人工換檔的能力,
叫手自排:
+代表增加動力,降低檔位。
-代表降低動力,增加檔位。
煞車裝置的操作方法:
(1)手煞車的操作桿的操作:
使用駐車煞車時,應將煞車操縱桿的拉至最緊位置。需放
鬆時,應全部放鬆到底,防止在行駛時,仍有煞緊作用。
在車輛行駛中,不可以利用手煞車來代替腳煞車。
(2)煞車踏板的操作方法:
利用右前腳掌踩放煞車踏板。
煞車踏板的踩下行程和速度,必須依據不同型式的煞車裝置,
及要求的煞車效果,分別輕踩或重踩等方式。實現平穩的減
速和停車。
離合器裝置的操作方法:
離合器踏板的操作:
用左前腳掌踩踏離合器踏板。
用膝蓋和腳關節的伸屈動作踩下或放鬆離合器踏板。
踩下離合器應該迅速,並且一次踩到底。
離合器操作注意事項:
起步時或換檔後,不可以忽然放鬆離合器踏板。
換檔時,應將離合器踩下不可以直接排檔。
行駛中不可以將左腳放在離合器踏板上。
行駛中如需減速必須踩踩煞車後,等速度低於一定後
才可以踩下離合器踏板。
加速踏板的操作:
(1)以右腳跟靠在駕駛室底板最支點,前腳掌輕踏在加速踏板
上,用腳關節作用使踏板放鬆或踩下。踩下後,轉速升高,放
鬆後,轉速下降。
(2)右腳必須使用煞車踏板外,其餘時間必須放在加速踏板上。
操作要領輕踏、緩放,切忌誤忽然踩放動作。
下車開門方式: 機車遭開車門撞飛(影片)

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汽車駕駛原理與方法