Nutrigenomics and Nutraceuticals

1. Nutrigenomics
and
Nutraceuticals

2. FlowofPresentation
 What is nutrigenomics.
 Nutrigenetics
 How does diet affects our
gene expression ?
 Gene diet disease
interaction
 Advantage and
disadvantages
 Nutraceuticals
 Benefits of Nutraceuticals
 Side effects of
nutraceuticals
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 DevShankarSingh
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 Sneha 22MSCFN001
 JanhaviYadav 22MSCFN005

3. Whatisnutrigenomics?
Nutrigenomics (also known as
nutritional genomics) is broadly
defined as the relationship
between nutrients, diet, and
gene expression .
The term "nutritional genomics"
is an umbrella term including
several subcategories, such as
nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics,
and nutritional epigenetics. Each
of these subcategories explain
some aspect of how genes react
to nutrients and express specific
phenotypes, like disease risk.
There are several applications
for nutritional genomics, for
example how much nutritional
intervention and therapy can
successfully be used for disease
prevention and treatment.

4.  Nutrigenomics is establishing
the effects of ingested
nutrients and other food
components on gene
expression and gene
regulation.
 It will also determine the
individual nutritional
requirements based on the
genetic makeup of the person
as well as the association
between diet and chronic
diseases.
 It will identify the genes
involved in physiological
responses to diet and the
genes in which small changes,
called polymorphisms and the
influence of environmental
factors on gene expression.
Nutrigenetics
 Nutrigenetics identifies how
the genetic make up of a
particular individual co-
ordinates his or her response
to various dietary nutrients.
 It also reveals why and how
people respond differently to
the same nutrient

5. The four basic tenets of
nutrigenomics are:
1) Improper diets are risk
factors for disease.
2) Dietary chemicals alter gene
expression and /or change
genome structure.
3) The degree to which diet
influences the balance
between healthy and disease
states may depend on an
individuals genetic makeup .
4) Some diet-regulated genes
are likely to play a role in the
onset, incidence,
progression, and/or severity
of chronic diseases.

6. Nutrigenomics deal with four
important concepts
i. Specific dietary profiles can
modulate the delicate
balance between health and
disease acting, either directly
or indirectly, on gene
expression.
ii. The individual genetic
makeup, that is, the
presence of polymorphisms
in nutrient regulated genes,
affects individual risk of
diseases.
iii. Personalized diets, which
take into account individual
genotype, represent the
ultimate goal of
nutrigenomics
iv. Nutrigenetics studies, as
they can lower risk in
genetically predisposed
individuals or population
groups.

7. How does diet affects our gene
expression ?
 Genes express themselves
through proteins. Enzymes
are special proteins designed
to get things started .
 Our genome instructs
ribosomes to produce many
enzymes that destroy toxins .
 Some foods such as
cauliflower, broccoli and
brussels sprout contain
chemicals that actually tell
our gene to direct
biosynthesis of these
enzymes
 In some individuals genes
give unclear instructions for
making an enzyme that
metabolizes the amino acid,
As a result this amino acid
build up, thereby causing
brain damage .
 A diet restricting this amino
acid will stop the damage if
detected in early infancy

8. Gene diet disease interaction
 Nutrigenetic diseases 97
per cent of the genes have
known to be associated
with human diseases result
in monogenic diseases .
 Modifying the dietary
intake can prevent some
monogenetic diseases e.g.,
in phenylketonuria (PKU)
food containing the amino
acid , including high protein
food such as fish, chicken,
eggs, milk, cheese, dried
beans, nuts and tofu must
be avoided
 In case of defective
aldehyde dehydrogenase
enzyme, alcohol must be
avoided
 Patients having
galactosemia (lack of a liver
enzyme to digest galactose)
should avoid diets which
contain lactose or
galactose, including milk
and milk products

9. Advantages of Nutrigenomics
 Increased focus on a healthy
diet and lifestyle
 Increased awareness of risk
of certain conditions
 Improved health quantity of
life
 Focus on prevention of
diseases
 Decreased morbidity and
premature mortality
 Reduced health care costs
 Better understanding of the
mechanisms involved in
disease susceptibility
Disadvantages of
Nutrigenomics
 Attention is drawn away
from other modifiable risk
factors
 Focus only specific
nutrients/foods
 Misleading claims
 Increased costs associated
with personalized diets and
designer foods

10. Nutraceuticals are products,
which are used for medicinal
purposes apart from
nutrition. A nutraceutical
product may be used for
physiological purposes or to
treat a chronic illness.
Unlike normal
pharmaceuticals,
nutraceuticals can not be
patent protected because
they occur naturally.

11. Popular Nutraceuticals
It can be classified as
nutraceuticals including amino
acids, vitamin D supplements,
key herbal extracts, whole foods
and more. Some commonly
used nutraceuticals include:
Vitamin B12- Vitamin B12 is a
water-soluble vitamin that
occurs naturally in foods such as
beef, tuna, and dairy products.
Many people take Vitamin B12
as a dietary supplement to
maintain healthy nerves, aid in
the production of DNA and red
blood cells, and to increase
energy levels.
Green Tea – Green tea extract is
one of the most powerful and
popular herbal extracts in the
world. Green tea acts as an
antioxidant that imparts
vitamins and nutrients that slow
down the aging process and
protects the skin from oxidative
stress and environmental
damage. It has also been used
to enhance the ability of the
body to burn fat, increase fat
oxidation, and increase
thermogenesis .
Ginseng – Ginseng has
historically been used to purify
and nourish the skin, balance
the gastrointestinal tract,
regulate appetite, increase
circulation, decrease stress,

12. balance the central and
peripheral nervous systems and
stabilize blood sugar. It also acts
as a natural energizer .
Glucosamine – Glucosamine is
an amino sugar that plays a
significant role in building
cartilage in the body. While this
substance occurs naturally
around the joints and in bone
marrow, many people take a
glucosamine supplement to
treat arthritis and joint pain.
Fennel – This flavorful culinary
herb has powerful health
benefits due to its antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory
properties. Fennel is packed
with vitamins and minerals and
when taken as a dietary
supplement it acts as a natural
appetite suppressant.

13. Benefits of Nutraceuticals
The benefits of nutraceuticals
are limitless and new uses for
them are being discovered
every day. From physiological
to psychological health,
nutraceuticals have the
potential to treat a wide array
of illnesses and ailments.
Nutraceuticals have been used
to:
 improve overall health
 Boost energy
 relieve anxiety
 improve mental clarity
enhance sleep quality and
quantity
 prevent chronic diseases
 reduce drug cravings
 delay the aging process
 increase life expectancy
 support and regulate
bodily functions

14. Side effects of nutraceuticals
Some supplements contain
certain ingredients that can have
a major impact on our body.
Anything in excess is not good for
our body, same is the case with
multivitamins. There are various
fortified products available in the
market which contain some
vitamins and minerals.
Combining non prescribed
nutraceuticals in your diet along
with fortified products or already
ongoing medications can some
times cause problems. Here are
some potential side effects of
nutraceuticals:
Headache
Excess of vitamin A is associated
with headache. A single large
dose can also cause nausea and
headache. It can range from
mild to severe in different
people.
Dizziness
Excess of vitamin A can also
cause dizziness and birth
problems. You should eat the
right foods and take
nutraceuticals in the prescribed
quantity to avoid this side
effect. As a patient we should
be responsible that before
consuming any of the
supplements, you should
consult your doctor for right
dosage.

15. Elevated blood pressure
Certain minerals also tend to
increase blood pressure which
can be harmful for us. It can
prove to be fatal for those
suffering from heart disease.
Digestion problems
Excessive intake of certain
supplements can cause various
digestive problems like vomiting,
loose motion and constipation.
Excess of vitamin C is often
associated with cases of
constipation.

16. References
 http://ghs.ucdavis.edu/
 https://scholar.google.c
o.in/scholar?q=dietary+
specific+profiles&hl=en
&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&o
i=scholart
 https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Nutritional_genomic
s
 https://www.slideshare.
net/siddharthz/nutrigeno
mics-an-emerging-
science-in-poultry-
nutrition?next_slidesho
w=39889825
 https://www.onlymyhealth.c
om/nutraceuticals-benefits-
side-effects-1630138486
 www.google.com(images)