2. MEME
Assumptions
The assumptions made in this meme is that those who do not believe a nation is under God are the
most patriotic because they acknowledge the original meaning of the pledge of allegiance which did
not mention a god and was simply an advertising scheme
4. Currency
● Published in 2010
● The book has not been revised
● The book uses both current and older
sources
● Sources are reliable because they come
from both sides of the argument, from many
different people, from three different
centuries
5. Relevance
● The book and the meme both focus on
American history and the phrase "Under
God"
● Audience-students studying American
History or the "Under God" debate.
6. Authority
Author's
Jeffrey Owen Jones and Peter Meyer.
● both are journalists and editors
● Owen has written for Time
● Meyer has been published in Smithsonian
magazine
7. Accuracy
● No spelling errors in the text
● information given can be searched and
proven through other research database's
● The text is free of emotion unless quoting a
source
● the information has been edited together
● the information comes from gathering
sources of information from authors of
books, articles, journals, letters, and leaflets
ranging from 1892 to 2008
8. Purpose
● The purpose of the book is to inform
● The authors want to show that studying the
pledge is studying the American people.
They examine what the pledge meant to the
founding fathers, the religious and the non
religious but never offer their own opinion.
All facts can be verified by other sources
10. Currency
● Published in June/July 2010
● The article has not been revised
● The information in the article is current for our
required topic.
● The article does not provide any links or a
bibliography
11. Relevance
● The information does relate to the topic and it does answer
some of the meme's questions
● The intended audience could be students, teachers or anyone
interested in history magazines
● Yes
● No I would not be comfortable citing this source in my research
paper. My professor would not be satisfied with this article
because of its credentials.
12. Authority
● The author of the article is Chuck Lyons in History Magazine and was published by
Moorshead Magazine LTC. Publisher Edward Zapletal
● They do not list any credentials or organizations
● The author is not qualified to write on the subject. I attempted to do research on the
author but was left empty and he also writes several articles on different subjects for
this magazine leaving me to question the article even more.
● There is contact information information on the magazines website including a
phone number and email for the publishing company
● The URL or Curriculum does not reveal anything about the author or source. I would
have to compare the articles statements with a reliable to source to see if they are
actually true facts, so no I do not.
13. Accuracy
● They list a novel in the article as to where some of the information came
from but for the most part they do not list where the information came from.
● The information is not supported by evidence
● The information has not been reviewed or refereed
● Yes you could verify the information from other sources but not from
personal knowledge for me.
● The articles tone does seem to be free from emotion
● There are no errors in the article such as spelling, grammar or
typographical errors
14. Purpose
● The purpose of this information is entertainment it was published in a
history magazine who lacks credentials to support its information.
● The author of article makes it clear that the intentions or purpose is to
explain the history of the Pledge of Allegiance
● The information is not opinionated however because I can not verify
anything in the article I can not say if it is propaganda or facts.
● The point of view of the article is impartial it does not go with one side or
another but tells different sides of information towards the subject in a time
line form.
● The article does show a political, cultural, and religious biases. The
information provided falls into these categories because of its sources,
such as information about congress and the revision of the Pledge and the
novels listed in the article.
15. Credo and Growler Databases
Both Credo and Growler databases confirm the
information posted in the meme about the
pledge's original text being a marketing
technique to sell flags and the original pledge
not having "Under God" recorded But no new
information is recorded.
