Pharmer-ceuticals: Food as Medicine

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5/6/2013 1
Extrusion
Samuel Brenneman
Cortney Hauer
Christopher JonesBy: Cortney Hauer
“Pharmer-ceuticals”
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Cortney Hauer
Christopher Jones
Pharmer-ceuicals
Pharma Crops
Molecular Pharming
Biopharming
Pharmer-ceuticals
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Cortney Hauer
Christopher Jones
Over 20 years ago, scientists envisioned picking a tomato off a vine
and taking a bite to receive a does of antibiotics.
The prospect of reducing costs of medicines and simplifying the
logistics of transportation was a hopeful goal for pharmaceutical
crops. But after many years of research, it was discovered that this
simplistic view of an edible vaccine was not attainable.
Pharmer-ceutical’s : PAST
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BIOFARMING
A broad term used to denote “genetically modified (GM) or
engineered crops to produce vaccines, antibodies, and other
therapeutic proteins…” (Li, Yuan, Yang, Antoun, Balick & Cragg,
2010).
What Is It?
PHARMA CROPS
A more appropriate term when discussing plants
that are grown solely for the purpose of producing
pharmaceuticals.
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Christopher Jones
Small Therapeutic Molecules (STMs)
• A couple hundred varieties of plants available
• Proteins for anti-cancer drugs
Large Therapeutic Molecules (LTMs)
• A few hundred varieties of plants available
• Antibodies pertaining to anti-cancer drugs, antifungal and
antiviral applications
Standardized Therapeutic Extracts (STEs)
• Thousands of varieties of plants available
• Actual extracts, no modification necessary
• Dietary supplements are common
Types of Pharmer-ceuticals

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STMs & LTMs
Produced similarly to
genetically modified crops
found in our grocery stores.
The plant’s genes are
modified so that they
include DNA to encourage
the growth of particular
proteins.
How Does It Work?
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STEs
The crop does not necessarily
have to be modified.
This is because the plant
normally produces the protein
needed naturally.
How Does It Work?
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Christopher Jones
• Plants cannot be consumed directly
• Requires processing
o Dried
o Ground
o Mixture
• Packaged
Once the plant is processed, the dosage
and potency of the proteins can be
evaluated.
How Does It Work?

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Christopher Jones
Crops are broken down into:
FOOD’s and NON-FOOD’s
Food’s are meant for human consumption,
while non-food’s are not.
Pharmer-ceuticals

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Cortney Hauer
Christopher Jones
At this time only about “eleven plant species are being used for
products currently in clinical trials…” (Milne 2010). Growing and
refining these plants is still a relatively new process and still is in
the process of being evaluated.
Pharmer-ceutical’s: PRESENT

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Cortney Hauer
Christopher Jones
Scientists are trying to increase a plants ability to produce more of the
necessary proteins.
They struggle with maintaining a consistent dose of the protein
throughout the plant.
More approved plants to grow healthier and heartier crops
for pharmaceutical purposes.
Pharmer-ceutical’s: FUTURE
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Christopher Jones
As long as the crops are being modified there are
always going to be concerns:
• Potency of medicine
• Cross contamination
• Health impacts
• Environmental impacts
Concerns
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Cortney Hauer
Christopher Jones
With every advancement there are always positives:
• Cheaper cost of medicine
• Longer shelf life of medicine
• Easier transport of medicine
• Grown proteins over chemically
Advantages
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Christopher Jones
Research concerning pharmer-
ceuticals has become more and
more popular.
With the impact that they could
have on the population and the
ease at which it could be
implemented is great.
Conclusion
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Overall the expectations of pharmer-ceuticals are
high. Providing the opportunity for cheap and easily
accessible medicines.

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Christopher Jones
Fernandez, M. (2004). Pharming the field: a look at the benefits and risks of
bioengineering plants to produce pharmaceuticals. Retrieved from
http://www.pewtrusts.org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/Food_
and_Biotechnology/PIFB_Pharming_Fields.pdf
Li, S., Yuan, W., Yang, P., Antoun, M., Balick, M., & Cragg, G. (2010). Pharmaceutical
crops: an overview. 1, 1-17.
Milne, R. (2010). Drawing bright lines: food and the futures of biopharming.
Sociological Review, 58133 (151), 133-155. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-
954X.2010.01915.x
Thomas, D., Penney, C., Majumder, A., & Walmsle, A. (2011). Evolution of plant-
made pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 12, 3220-
3236.
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References

Pharmer-ceuticals: Food as Medicine

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