Essay On Social Class Theory Of Karl Marx

Essay On Social Class Theory Of Karl Marx
The topic of the report was to research on the class differentiation theory of Karl Marx. The theory is defined and examined, the method of research
used is questionnaires. The questionnaires are prepared and distributed in Institute of Business Management. The questionnaire's results are shared in
the report below, the findings gave a clear idea of the theory. The idea ofsocial class differences varies from person to person. The results will be
discussed in the latter part of the report.
INTRODUCTION
Karl Marx was one of the first social scientists to focus mainly on social class. His main focus on social class was that one's social class dictated one's
social life.
Basically, Marx meant that if one is in the upper class, life was one of leisure and abundance, while those in the lower class lived lives of hardship and
poverty.
According to Marx, there was one social element that would determine where one fit in the social class hierarchy: that of who controls the means of
production, meaning who owned the resources necessary to produce what people needed to survive.
The wealthy would be the individuals who owned the land and factories. The wealthy would then control all elements of society – including the
livelihoods of the lower, working class. The lower, working class would work for...show more content...
The response was by both students from education background from A–levels and intermediate. 67 % of the respondents considered it a serious issue in
the community considering it as the gap getting larger between the upper and lower class. 77 % of confessed about making friends after knowing the
social class. The recommendation was that it would end until the change of the ages and a huge movement conducted by the students who are most
affected by this
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Essay about Social Class
SOCIAL CLASS
Social class refers to the system of stratification of the different groups of people in a society. These different forms of classification are, in most
instances, based on gender ethnicity and age. Social class makes everyone's lives extremely different. For example: How long one can expect to live.
In a wide range of ways, from success, to one's health class, social class influences people's lives (Grusky,2003).
Among the life chances affected as result of social class involve factors such as: How long people live (life expectancy), how healthy people are, how
much and what they eat, the kind of housing they live in, the level of education they reach and the qualifications they achieve, how likely they are to be
unemployed...show more content...
The upper middle class consists of managers and professionals, while the lower middle class is made up of clerks, office workers, telephone sales
and shop workers. These jobs are usually not very well paying and do not require very high qualifications. The petty bourgeoisie on the other hand are
small business owners. This group may consist of people who may own a workshop or shop and may be employing a small number of people.
The Working Class
This class, like the middle class, consists of sub–groups of people. These include the skilled, the semi–skilled and unskilled workers. Social mobility
has, however, affected the number of people in this class. Many people born in this class have been able to rise to the middle class, and as a result,
there exists a case of embourgeoisement.
According to the Marxist view, this is the class of people who are detrimental to the fate of the entire class system. He stated that these people were
supposed to unite and overthrow capitalism. However, this is not what has occurred.
The Underclass
This is the lowest class in the social class stratification. While the majority of the working class now live reasonably healthy and prosperous lives, a
low minority do not. These people cannot work. They include the long–term unemployed and the disabled and chronically ill. They are in effect, shut
out of much of what most people can attain. This group of

Social Class in the United States Essay
There is much debate about the issue of social class in the United States. There are arguments about whether social classes are distinctly separate or
fluid, dependent upon one's community or society as a whole, and if they are subjective or objective (Hughes and Jenkins). However, despite the debate
surrounding social classes, it is still important to try to define them and analyze their effects, as they are such an important part of our identity and our
opportunities in society. Although our society has tried to appear as though we have no classes, and it is becoming harder to tell what class someone
is in by material goods, classes do still exist today (Scott and Leonhardt). The trend has been to divide the U.S. into four major...show more content...
Despite the debates about social class, the United States is usually described as having four major social classes, the elite or upperclass, the middle class
, the working class, and the lower class (Goldscmidt). Classes are generally differentiated by income, education, and occupation although other
factors do have an effect. The upperclass consists of about 1% of the population making 750,000 dollars or more a year as investors, top
executives, or heirs to large fortunes (Hughes and Jenkins). There tends to be no question about who is in the upperclass as they are pretty clearly
isolated in their power and wealth. The middle class makes up about 40% of the population making anywhere from 40,000 to 749,999 dollars a year
(Hughes and Jenkins). The large disparity in income and wealth have led to a further division of this class into upper–middle class and middle class in
some circles. The middle class usually work white collar jobs as professionals and managers, however some highly skilled blue collar workers are
included. Those in the middle class have usually obtained higher education degrees and place a high value on individual responsibility for one's
class (Goldschmidt). The working class is composed of about 50% of the population earning 13,000 to 39,000 dollars a year (Hughes and Jenkins).
Some also divide this class into a working class and a

Essay On Social Class Discrimination
Social class discrimination is what one can observe every day in a life. People around the world have the different social status which is caused
either by their degree or family and finally, there own personal efforts. As far as U.S. and Canada are concerned they also hold social discrimination
but, how it is caused and how it is either heredity or circumstance is different in each country. However, in both countries the system is merit–based and
either class has the chance of growing up or coming down and gain their own values. Nevertheless, in some odd cases, I personally believe the one's
status can be based on their ancestry's class which on this occasion only it may not be impartial. "Stratification is natural, inevitable,...show more
content...
Nonetheless, there are some odd cases that one gains social class based on ancestry which personally I can strongly say that it is not fair and most of
them do not deserve that status. For example, in many middle–eastern countries, the new generation usually benefits from their father's social status, no
matter their own efforts. Additionally, this kind of ancestry–based social class has always existed in the world but in most countries, first world
countries, governments stopped this system and opened the path for each individual to grow. Moreover, regarding the effect of one's father social
status, statistics show that the father's economic status in the U.S. affects the child's social status more compared to Canada. All in all, "The U.S.
has less economic mobility than Canada" (Corak 2009). As in illustration, if a family lives in the lower class it is more likely for their children to be
also part of the lower class. In my opinion, it is inevitable to stop this trend, due to the fact the opportunities that one faces in life is strictly determined
by what his/her family can provide.
Regarding incomes, the upper class has far more income than others. However, those are only the minority of the world's population and they are
usually wealthy because of their ancestors. For instance, Donald Trump had been living in a wealthy family since he was born and currently he
possesses a significantly high net worth, however, he personally put

Essay on Social Class in the Classroom
Social class has a large effect on the lifestyles of all Americans. But what does it really mean to be a part of the lower, middle or upper class? These
divisions of social class are defined by aspects such as family income and lifestyle; however, education plays a large role in determining ones social
class. That does not mean that it will determine success in ones life but to interpret, many people with a further education usually have a higher
income as well. Those of the upper class have higher standards for education and career aspirations in contrast to those of the lower and middle class.
Besides the differentiation of aspirations of the individuals of each social class, it is also used to determine who will go to college, depending...show
more content...
Not only is it stereotypical that students who come from a lower class family, have a weaker vocabulary, but some tend to believe that their level of
academic readiness can not measure up to those from a higher social class. As quoted from Lee Warren, "differing levels of preparation and academic
sophistication can sometimes be attributed to class background and the quality of previous schooling" (Class in the Classroom 2). While the type of
previous schooling and preparation for school can demonstrate a student's socioeconomic class background; In contrast, author Richard Rothstein
argues in his article, "The Social and Economic Realities That Challenge All Schools" that:
"the success of some lower class students proves nothing about the power of schools ...between low–income and middle–class children...on average, the
achievement of low–income students is below that of middle–class students, but there are always some middle–class students who achieve below
typical low–income levels; similarly, some low–income students achieve above typical middle–class levels."
Which demonstrates that the type of school a student attends can be effective towards their education, however, it is up to the student to take
advantage of the education they are receiving. Just

Essay On Social Class
Joshua A. Clark
Dr. Benjamin Sword
English 1302
22 September 2017
Empathy Relies on Social Class
If it is suggested that class has anything to do with how people live their lives or treat each other in America people adamantly refuse to believe it. The
thought that here, in this country built by revolutionaries and self–made men, people cannot be whatever they want with hard work and perseverance
is intolerable. The truth is social class does exist and does influence how people see and treat each other. These revelations are not unique to one
person, in fact, several people have touched on these points including, Paul Fussell the son of a millionaire who, based on his observations, wrote a
piece explaining class distinctions and some of...show more content...
Contrary to that view, the lower classes see themselves as simply being on the wrong side of fate. This leads to the lower classes lacking some of the
drive and ambition that characterizes the upper self–made classes, because if fate is against them what hope do they have. Because of this difference in
viewpoints, the worldviews of these classes tend to be different as well, including how they see and respond to misfortune. The lower classes tend
to be more empathetic towards each other because they either have, or know they could, go through the same thing any day. On the other hand, the
higher classes see other's misfortunes as partly their own fault and wonder why they did not prepare better and why they do not pick themselves up
and keep going. These differences are due in part because of the imbalance of money between the two classes. One has plenty, and in many cases, has
always had plenty, and so is not worried about the what ifs of life (Fussell 6–7). On the flip side, the lower or working classes are often living paycheck
to paycheck, so they are constantly aware of what could happen. This makes them much more understanding and wiling to help when something does
happen (Williams 40).
The rich are not without empathy, they can still hurt when others hurt, and rejoice when others rejoice, it is just rarer than those of the lower classes.
The lower classes are much closer together, and so are much more aware

Social Class And Its Impact On Society Essay
Social class has been always being in our society since its establishment. Back then, white, landowning men had the highest status amongst society
with women and other races being lower in the societal ladder Times have changed since then, but social class is still a major factor to people's
success. Social class is defined as a label that categorizes individuals based on their economic status, wealth, and power. Social class does not
matter, but should not be ignored It's prominent in our society so I think as young adults we need to be aware of it. If we "teach them how to deal
with it in a positive manner and how to prevent it, then little by little we can see less of the discrimination. Our differences shouldn't create conflict
between people and cause problems" (Google Doc). Our differences should come together and be celebrated. It should be brought to our attention that
they may be more disadvantaged than other people and that all their home lives are unique and different from each other. While keeping this concept
in mind, teachers and faculty members should not let social class control their action towards the students and be prejudiced. Teachers should not see
social class as a problem or an excuse as to why the student is not learning. Individuals want to learn and can learn; social class should not be the
explanation as to why the teacher will not help the student reach their goals. When students grow intellectually and become educated, they will acquire
more

Social Class And The Middle Class Essay
Social class can be defined as a social construct which is used to describe a group of people with similar levels of wealth, influence and status. They
tend to have dramatically different values and mannerisms to others groups, for example, the working–class are seen as uneducated and unskilled
workers, whereas the middle–class are seen as highly educated people with high incomes (Harcourt, 2016). Despite there being other social class
groups, including, the upper–class, this essay will explore the portrayal of the working–class, lower–class, also known as the 'underclass', and the
middle–class in reality television, using the example of Wife Swap.
The working class and the lower class groups have been increasingly visible on British television screens in recent years, mainly because the
increasingly popular genre of reality television features them heavily (Morley, 2009). Debates have sparked on whether the use of ordinary people on
such programmes is democratising or exploitative. It could be argued that because the working–class were not on such programmes, audiences and
society therefore had no access to them and their lifestyles. However, the great exposure of working–classes on reality television programmes now
provides access to them and allows people to observe and judge how they behave and how they live.
It is not a recent discovery that disadvantaged individuals, families and communities are portrayed in negative lights by the media (Crossley and Slater,
2014),

Social Class In America
Social class can be explained as a group of individuals that can relate to one another regarding financial means, social status, and the culture they are
a part of. Social class is usually classified into three different groups: the lower class, middle class, and upper class. Every person is born into the social
class that their parents are classified as. "America is a middle–class country; the poor are left behind and the rich are tolerated for their eccentricities"
(Life). America has viewed social class as a way to label people based on facts rather than opinion. A middle–class life is the best description of my
upbringing because of the way my parents chose to raise me, the culture I grew up learning, and the financial status my family balanced over my
childhood.
The discovery of my place in a social class came from many aspects, starting with the way I raised. I worked hard for everything I wanted, which
was the result of my family instilling the values of responsibility and respect on me more than any other attribute. My father was the type of man that
felt it was always an appropriate time to give deep talks about life, and most of these conversations revolved around respect and responsibility, which
became some of my fondest childhood memories. My father worked on an assembly line at Toyota Motor Manufacturing for almost fifteen years. My
family realized how physically demanding his job was, but no one ever heard him complain. He was supporting his family, and that

Social class distinction remains a common theme throughout Shakespeare's plays. Shakespearean era society possessed a structured hierarchy of social
class, based largely on wealth and nobility. This system influenced social interactions among the population and often guided marriage arrangements.
Shakespeare's commentary on social class, in his comedy Twelfth Night, exposes the divide humorously, by displaying ironic interactions between
varying social classes. Twelfth Night places a variety of characters from different social classes in close quarters, causing inevitable conflict among
classes.
An early interaction between the wealthy noble Olivia and her hired fool mocks the hierarchal stereotypes and provides an example of
Shakespeare's ironic commentary on the social class distinction. In this scene, Olivia, mourning her brother's death, is angry with Feste, her fool, for
his unexcused absence. Feste responds to this anger with wit and proceeds to disprove the stereotypes surrounding his title. As a fool, Feste is
expected to embody his title and possess little wit. However, as he and Olivia continue to argue, he uses his wit to flip this cliche, proving her to be
the true fool. Olivia exits this scene in higher spirits, due to Feste's comedy, rather than Feste exiting in a body bag, as most would have expected.
Shakespeare uses Feste's humor and diction in this scene to develop not only the characters but provides more insight on the social class distinctions
present in the play.
Interactions between Feste and Olivia exemplify the clash among social classes by exhibiting dialogue between two characters with very different
positions in the hierarchy. Olivia, a beautiful noble, is widely respected and courted Orsino, a nobleman. Feste, on the other hand, falls on the
opposite side of the spectrum. As Olivia's hired fool he has little wealth and lives off of Olivia's pay and tips those he can make laugh. So, in the
context of the time period, it is already abnormal that a serious interaction is taking place between these two characters. Societal norms of the time
period dictate that Feste should fear Olivia and regard himself as the lesser. Shakespeare's ridicule of this social hierarchy manifests in this

People Like Us: Social Class In America
People Like Us: Social Class in America Film Review
Introduction
America is a complex and diverse web of individuals marked by social stratification, a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a
hierarchy (Macionis, 2011, p.204). The film People Like Us: Social Class in America discusses the class system, social stratification based on both
birth and individual achievement, which the American people use to define others (Macionis, 2011, p.206). It explores the many variables that
contribute to the determination of a person's class; such as, ancestry, education, and money. Ancestry will be a main focus because it has such a strong
influence on the class system of today. The film provided an informative and entertaining...show more content...
Analysis
Ancestry and its Effect on Class Family ancestry is an important factor in determining social class. Both rich and poor are influenced by their family's
income, occupation, and education. This concept is illustrated in the film through speaking with members of the WASPS and in Tammy's Story. It
affectively shows how the family that one is born into can greatly influence their life that they are living.
WASPS.
The WASPS represent a group of individuals who are established high in society's social hierarchy based on money, family name, and attitude (Alvarez
& Kolker, 2001). These White Anglo–Saxon Protestants are part of the upper–upper class, which is less than 1 percent of the U.S. population
(Macionis, 2011, p.223). Membership into this prestigious class can only be achieved through birth. The film depicted a man describing what a
person in this class looks like and how they think. He said these people have a reputation to uphold and therefore act in a certain way based on the
knowledge they have acquired throughout their lives. He said, "WASPS stand better, are nicer, more attractive, and more cultured" (Alvarez &
Kolker, 2001). This idea shows he believes that the people within this social class are all around better people.
The WASPS have privileges unlike any other class in America. In the film,

Social Class in Classroom
ocial class has a large effect on the lifestyles of all Americans. But what does it really mean to be a part of the lower, middle or upper class? These
divisions of social class are defined by aspects such as family income and lifestyle; however, education plays a large role in determining ones social
class. That does not mean that it will determine success in ones life but to interpret, many people with a further education usually have a higher
income as well. Those of the upper class have higher standards for education and career aspirations in contrast to those of the lower and middle class.
Besides the differentiation of aspirations of the individuals of each social class, it is also used to determine who will go to college, depending...show
more content...
A common reason found amongst most lower class students is the lack of confidence they all carry. According to James Rhem of NTLF, from the
article "Social Class and Student Learning":
"Students from working–class backgrounds often lack confidence. They may have as much intelligence as students who come from wealth, but they
see the world differently. They may, in fact, be more likely to lack academic skills and sophistication. They have less practice playing with ideas,
conceptualizing and sometimes less practice in reading and writing. But even when they don't lack skills, they often remain uncertain of themselves,
stay quiet in class, pick low–risk courses, and settle on very practical majors without allowing themselves to dream of more" (2).
In other words, "these students are less able to work the system" (Warren, Class in the Classroom 1) and this means that they have more trouble
finding out what to do, in terms of helping themselves. They are less exposed to 'the college world" since there is no one these students can relate
to–many other students from other socioeconomic status have some idea of what to do in college, because others who have attended college, such as
siblings and parents, give proper advisement to these students, when help is needed–––as a result of "being able to work the system". Middle class
students (in

Social Class And Its Impact On Society Essay
Social class has been always been in our society since its establishment. Back then, white, landowning men had the highest status amongst society
with women and other races being lower in the societal ladder Times have changed since then, but social class is still a major factor to people's
success. Social class is defined as a label that categorizes individuals based on their economic status, wealth, and power. Social class does not
matter, but should not be ignored It's prominent in our society so I think as young adults we need to be aware of it. If we "teach them how to deal
with it in a positive manner and how to prevent it, then little by little we can see less of the discrimination. Our differences shouldn't create conflict
between people and cause problems". Our differences should come together and be celebrated. It should be brought to our attention that they may be
more disadvantaged than other people and that all their home lives are unique and different from each other. While keeping this concept in mind,
teachers and faculty members should not let social class control their action towards the students and be prejudiced. Teachers should not see social
class as a problem or an excuse as to why the student is not learning. Individuals want to learn and can learn; social class should not be the explanation
as to why the teacher will not help the student reach their goals. When students grow intellectually and become educated, they will acquire more
opportunities to

Social Class And School Knowledge By Tok Anyon
A student's education will be a reflection of the time, effort, and dedication their teacher puts into his or her students. Without a mentor to guide and
educate, the student will be lost and ultimately be presented with a lesser chance of success. According to Nieto (2004),
In a study of affluent and low–income youth in a secondary school, Ellen Brantlinger found that students' social class was highly correlated with their
academic placement, with most low–income students in special education...and high income students in college preparatory classes. (p.49)
This is the reality with which many low socioeconomic students are confronted. Anyon's (1981) "Social Class and School Knowledge" demonstrates
this through the author's research conducted at five schools of mixed income and class levels. The most prestigious of the schools, also referred to as
executive elite, stressed the...show more content...
If they learn to add and subtract, that's a bonus. If not, don't worry about it'" (Anyon, 1981, p.6). That is the advice given by a principal to a newly
hired second grade teacher at one of the working class schools. Consequently, this school also happened to have an overall theme of resistance
regarding student–teacher relationships (Anyon, 1981, p.11). Without a doubt, it is the low expectations of teachers that cause students to resist their
education and view their educators as authoritarians rather than mentors, guides, and supporters. Before their first day of work, many of the teachers
already had predetermined notions about the school, one even labeled it as "...tough and said he had been nervous to teach there" (Anyon, 1981, p. 6).
He later received the previously stated advice from his principal. Because of their knowledge about the student population that made up the school,
teachers expected quite little of their students. Their methodology of teaching was consumed by the children and later regurgitated by them through
low confidence in their

Social Class and Quality of Education Essay
One of the concerns regarding social justice in education is that there are marginalised groups within society do not having equal access to the learning
and life opportunities that they deserve. The concept of social justice stresses that every individual within society is entitled to have equal rights and
opportunities. This means that an individual from a lower class background deserves the same opportunities as a person from a wealthier background.
It is about becoming aware and recognising that there are certain situations where the application of the same rules to unequal groups can sometimes
lead to imbalanced results. It is therefore crucial that the government create a curriculum that can empower every student regardless of their...show more
content...
(quoted in Vic Kelly 1983: 10; see also, Kelly 1999). We can view the curriculum as a process by which the knowledge and content is transmitted or
'delivered' to students by methods devised by the government (Blenkin et al 1992: 23). A student can also be seen as a 'product' within the
curriculum as it has been suggested that the knowledge the government wish us to learn are seen to benefit or attempt to achieve desired goals such
as creating a skilled workforce for long term economic benefit. Schools also have a hidden curriculum in which values and norms of behaviour are
transmitted. For example, wearing a school uniform and keeping to a set timetable can all be seen as activities that encourage particular standards of
behaviour which could be viewed as producing disciplined future workers. Therefore the hidden curriculum implies that pupils not only learn formal
subjects such as English or physics but also receive hidden messages about their class, ethnicity and gender from their experience of schooling. Through
the choice of teaching strategies and characteristics chosen to be employed by educational institutions it indirectly conveys to students the norms,
values and expectations. This is what we refer to as the hidden curriculum. As we will later explore there are many that argue the hidden curriculum
and processes within schools help to produce inequalities between children of different social classes. Whitty and Young (1976) view the

Essay On Social Class
I found this video, and the results from the studies performed, very interesting and educational. The video showed an clear link between social
class and behavior. By studies performed in the video, it was made clear that wealthier people are more likely to take candy meant for children,
cheat in a game when money is on the line, lie in negotiations, break the law while driving and steal at work. These results were proved consistent
by thirty different studies, performed by Paul Solmon. Paul decided to try something new. Instead of basing research off of rich people, he based a
study off of making people feel rich. Paul Solmon conducted this research by rigging a monopoly game in favor of a player, based off of a coin toss.
The player who...show more content...
Of course there are plenty of hard working wealthy people out there, however they should realize that even before they were born, the cards of life
were being shuffled in their favor. Another interesting result from this experiment, was how the richer player treated the poor player. The rich
player felt as if they had earned the right to demand money from the poor player, or act entitled to any money the poor player owed them. Today,
many people, rich or poor, believe that poor people are poor because they don't work hard enough, or are lazy and deserve to be at the bottom of the
pyramid.However, this is not true, low–income families work as hard, or harder than high–income families.Low income people, like high–income
people, are dealt a hand of life although their hand is not usually as favorable as the hand dealt to people born from high–income families. This
experiment brings up a subconscious bias, very few of us come to realize. Rich people often feel entitled, and superior, while poor people usually are
more generous and understanding. What is the reason for different behavior between social classes?The answer is society. Society is the one telling us
that poor people don't work hard, and that wealthier people deserve and have earned the money they own.Both of these ideas are inconsistent and
unjust. Life does not deal everyone the same hand, wealthy usually start wealthy, just as the poor are usually born poor. The only way for us

Essay on Social Class In The Us And Britain
Social Class in the US and Britain
Although the United States was a British Colony in the early 1700s, the differences between the two were definitely noticeable, especially in the
socioeconomic fields, mostly due to the fact that slavery played a much larger role in the United States.
At least from the moment in 1620 when the Mayflower anchored off Cape Cod, there has been an American Dream. Though hard to define, it usually
entails the concept of freedom, justice and equality. Despite variations in the content of the dream there is one constant, the American Dream is a
dream of the future and as such implies the idea of progress, change and equality. Our dreams may differ from those of the men who wrote the
Mayflower Compact...show more content...
(1727: Colonial America) This class provided leading statesmen and great generals, many of whom had a vital role in the American Revolution.
(Population and Social Rank)
The following class, which was by far the largest, was the middle class. (Population and Social Rank) This included owners of small stores and
businesses, small farmers, and craftsmen. (1727: Colonial America) They were mostly educated, and lived successful lives. They also had very high
moral standards and some were deeply religious. (Population and Social Rank) Most middle class men could vote, but few held public office, as the
gentry used their wealth and influence for political control. Middle class women ran self–sufficient households, and made their own clothes, candles,
cheese and soap. Few were educated. (1727: Colonial America)
Finally, there was the Lower Class, which consisted of day laborers, apprentices, sailors, servants, and slaves. (1727: Colonial America) Out of all
of these, the lowest level was that of slaves, who at the time existed in all 13 colonies. However, more than 4/5 of them were in the South, due to the
fact that the large plantations in the area required a greater number of slaves. Overall, slaves had hardly any rights, but more specifically, their quality
of life varied on which of region of the country they lived in. In New England and the Middle Colonies,

Social Classes in Britain
SOCIAL CLASSES IN BRITAIN
In this essay on social classes in Britain I will mostly concentrate on structure of various classes in Britain and relations between them. I will also
describe some changes and movements which this classes went through over the years. Furthermore, I will put emphasis on today's important issue in
Britain, the problem of class struggle i.e. disparity between the rich and the poor. Although there are various definitions ofsocial class, we may say that
social class is connected with factors such as wealth, level of education and occupation. To be more precise in defining it, a social class is "a status
hierarchy in which individuals and groups are classified on the basis of esteem and prestige acquired...show more content...
With the loss of the majority of traditional working class industrial jobs from the market, a new 'underclass', below working class emerged. The
'underclass', defined as unemployed relying on state benefits, is the new bottom of the British class system."[12] "Since the 1950s there has been a
massive growth of the middle class. But there has also been the emergence of a sizeable 'underclass', as category E is commonly known."[13] As
opposite, in the 1990s, according to Andrew Adonis and Stephen Pollard there have been discovered a new upper middle class described as 'the
super class', which consisted of elite professionals and managers, which held high salaries and share ownership.[14] Because of such situation,
caused by the fact that the middle class is mobile and fluid, there has been significant change in percentages of households since 1992. As the
middle class is expanding, percentages of categories A, B and C1 have increased, and percentages of categories C2, D and E have decreased. "The
middle class, in particular, has great fluidity and mobility. ... Over half of today's middle class started life in the working class."[15] But difficulties
arise when "despite this fluidity, the elite of society, itself a segment of the professional class, takes great care to protect itself. This includes the
'gentry' class made up mainly of landowners, and others who move in the most exclusive English social

Social Class And Social Classes
Social classes play a vital role in dynamic of families. The definition of social class is ambiguous and has no clearly outlined definition. However it
is believed to be a combination of different aspects such as one's life chances or resources, one's status group, or those who share similar lifestyles and
one's education level make up an individuals social class. Therefore, in an ideal set up there would 4 social cases the upper, middle, working, and poor
classes (Judge 2015) and these are the 4 that I will be using to distinguish the difference in how parents raise their children across social classes. One
main influence that causes a polarization of social classes are parents economic resources and education level, thus influencing the jobs parents have
and the availability they may have to invest in their child's life. However the key characteristics that influence the ways parent raise their children are
how they organize their child's daily life, the use of language around their children, and through social interactions (Lareau 202). However the two main
approaches across social class parents take in raising their child are natural growth and concerted cultivation. Concerted cultivation approach to
parenting is when parents seek to actively enhance their children's talents, and opinions (Cherlin 2013). Parents are generally college educated and have
jobs that allow for financial stability within the family. Typically this parenting style pertains to upper and

Essay On Social Class Theory Of Karl Marx

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