About air pollution

1. AIR POLLUTION
ES036 TOPIC II
ENGR. ALRONAVEE B. MAMBAJE

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS
IDEAL GAS LAW
Although polluted air may not be “ideal” from the biological point of view, we may treat its behavior with respect to
temperature and pressure as if it were ideal. Thus, we assume that at the same temperature and pressure, different
kinds of gases have densities proportional to their molecular masses.

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS
UNITS OF MEASURE
◦
μm
m3
◦ Measures of
concentration
◦ used to indicate the
concentration of a
gaseous pollutant
MICROGRAMS
PER CUBIC METER
PARTS PER MILLION
MICRON/
MICROMETER
◦ μ / μm
◦ ppm
◦ Measures of
concentration
◦ used to indicate the
concentration of a
gaseous pollutant

4. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS
CONVERTING
μm
m3 TO PPM

5. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS
• STEP 1 : DETERMINE THE MOLAR MASS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE.
• STEP 2: CONVERT THE GIVEN TEMPERATURE FROM DEG C TO K.
• STEP 3: USE THE CONVERTION EQUATION.

6. GLOBAL WARMING
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
1. The atmosphere allows solar radiation from the sun to pass through without significant
absorption of energy.
2. Some of the solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth is absorbed, heating the
land and water.
3. Infrared radiation is emitted from the earth’s surface, but certain gases in the
atmosphere absorb this infrared radiation, and re-direct a portion back to the surface,
thus warming the planet and making life, as we know it, possible.

7. GLOBAL WARMING
PRIMARY GREENHOUSE GASES
WATER VAPOR
CARBON DIOXIDE
METHANE
NITROUS OXIDE
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
TROPOSPHERIC OZONE

9. AIR QUALITY ISSUES
1. STATIONARY SOURCE
- factories and other manufacturing
processes
2. MOBILE SOURCES
- automobiles, other transportation
vehicles, and recreational vehicles such as
snowmobiles and watercraft
3. AREA SOURCES
- emissions associated with human
activities that are not considered mobile or
stationary
- emissions from lawn and garden
equipment, and residential heating
SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
STATIONARY
MOBILE
AREA

10. AIR QUALITY ISSUES
1. PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANTS
- emitted directly to the atmosphere
- EXAMPLES:
A. Particulate Matter (PM10 & PM12)
B. Ozone (O3)
C. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
D. Carbon Monoxide (CO)
E. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
2. SECONDARY AIR POLLUTANTS
- formed in the atmosphere after emission of
precursor compounds
- EXAMPLE:
PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
- the term originated as a contraction of
smoke and fog
- an example of secondary pollution that
is formed from the emission of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), the primary pollutants
CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS
PRIMARY
SECONDARY

14. RA 8749

15. What is RA 8749 and what are the main
provisions of this Act?
RA 8749, also known as the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999, is a law in the Philippines that aims to
promote and protect the country's environment by controlling air pollution.
RA 8749 mandates the government and private sector to work together to minimize air pollution by
setting air quality standards, implementing emission control technologies, promoting clean energy
sources, and encouraging public participation in environmental protection.

16. State the penalties violators will be facing when
violating RA 8749.
A penalty of not more than One hundred thousand pesos
(Php100,000.00) for every day of violation against the owner or operator
of a stationary source.
In addition to the fines, the PAB shall order the closure, suspension of
development, construction, or operations of the stationary sources until
such time that proper environmental safeguards are put in place:
Provided, That an establishment found liable for a third offense shall
suffer permanent closure immediately.
NOTE! fines herein
prescribed shall be increased
by at least ten percent (10%)
every three (3) years to
compensate for inflation and
to maintain the deterrent
function of such
fines

17. State the penalties violators will be facing
when violating RA 8749.
For Motor Vehicles, a testing result indicating an
exceedance of the emission standards would warrant the
continuing custody of the impounded vehicle unless the
appropriate penalties are fully paid, and the license plate
is surrendered to the DOTC pending the fulfillment of the
undertaking by the owner/operator of the motor vehicle
to make the necessary repairs so as to comply with the
standards.

18. What government agencies are responsible
for implementing RA 8749, and what are their
roles?
The DENR is responsible for implementing and
enforcing RA 8749, including the development of
air quality standards, monitoring and assessment
of air quality, and issuing permits and licenses for
air pollution sources.

19. What government agencies are responsible for
implementing RA 8749, and what are their roles?
Establish a National Research and
Development Program for the prevention
and control of air pollution. The
Department shall give special emphasis to
research on and the development of
improved methods having industry-wide
application for the prevention and control
of air pollution.

20. What government agencies are responsible for implementing
RA 8749, and what are their roles?
shall implement the emission standards for motor vehicles set
pursuant to and as provided in this Act

21. What are the sources of pollution covered in
RA 8749?
RA 8749 covers all sources of air
pollution, including motor vehicles,
power plants, industrial facilities, and
other sources.

22. How significant is RA 8749 in addressing
climate change?
RA 8749 is important in addressing
climate change because air pollution is a
significant contributor to greenhouse gas
emissions, which cause global warming
and climate change. By reducing air
pollution, RA 8749 helps mitigate the
impacts of climate change on the
environment and public health.

23. PROBLEM-SOLVING:
Power plant A and B emits tons of mixed gases annually. Every year, power plant A emits 2000 tons
of mixed gases while power plant B emits a quarter of that of A. Both facilities were checked and
were subjected to emission standards set by RA 8749, where it is stated that maximum emission
rate is 0.3 kg of CO/ton of mixed gases. If Plant A has an emission rate of 400 kg CO annually while
plant B 250 kg CO/year, determine which facility is compliant with RA 8749.
SEATWORK #1