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- 1. The Use of Antibiotics in Livestock Feed By Cindy Nguyen SSC.356: The Politics Of Food https://rushoffthefarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/cattle_grain_feed.jp g
- 2. Background of Antibiotics in Livestock Feed • What are antibiotics? • Medication for specific type of bacteria being treated and, in general cannot be interchanged from one infection to another. • The use of antibiotics in livestock feed have increased over the years as the demand for mainly poultry and other meats increases. • However, antibiotics used at this large amount can have negative effects on the livestock, the environment and in humans. Anderson, L. A. (2019). Both photos from: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable- business/2017/jan/08/fda-antibiotic-use-in- livestock
- 3. Who are involved in this issue? • Lawmakers, FDA, USDA members of congress • State governors • Agribusiness and Factory Farmers • Consumers https://www.pinterest.com/pin/186899453265632998/
- 4. What does the use of antibiotics in livestock feed effect? • Antibiotics in livestock feed negatively effect many factors like… • Health of the livestock • The Environment • Human health • Others (cost, living conditions, etc.) https://medium.com/@andrewwasley/15-years-undercover-on-the-trail-of-the- global-meat-industry-7977cf79c8bf
- 5. The Health of the Livestock •Antibiotics in livestock feed effects the livestock’s gut development and feed efficiency during the nursery period. •In a study that compared piglets that ate feed with antibiotics with piglets that ate feed without antibiotics, they found that piglets that ate the feed without antibiotics presented diarrhea for a shorter time that the piglets that ate the feed with antibiotics. •The piglets that ate the feed without antibiotics had a reduction in growth efficiency compared to the piglets that ate the feed with antibiotics during the nursery period. •They also found Streptococcus in higher proportions in the piglets that ate the feed with antibiotics which can lead to an increase in bacterial infections. https://theconversation.com/feeding-farm- animals-seaweed-could-help-fight-antibiotic- resistance-and-climate-change-113052 López-Colom, P., Estellé, J., Bonet, J., Coma, J., & Martín-Orúe, S. M. (2020)
- 6. The Environment • The use of antibiotics in livestock feed has an impact on global warming. • Antibiotics in feed kills off the good bacteria in the livestock’s gut leading the livestock to produce more methane gas. • The methane gas is a green house gas that will cause more heat to be trapped in the ozone layer causing the Earth to be warmer. • This effects the Earth by increasing in natural disasters, drastic weather changes, sea levels rising, etc. https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ES-COW-GAS-GRAPHIC-COMP- v2.jpg Fox, M. (2016, May 25).
- 7. Human Health • The most common effect on human health by using antibiotics in livestock feed is antibiotic resistance. • With increasing antimicrobial resistance worldwide, there is evidence that linked human antimicrobial resistance infections to bacteria associated to livestock. • The antibiotic resistant pathogens that make humans sick are very hard to treat because the antibiotics the doctors would use to treat the infection would be ineffective. • The antibiotics resistant pathogens infect nearly 2 million people in the U.S. each year and more than 23,000 people die from antibiotic resistance illness. (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_use_in_livestock Hu, Y. J., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Marcus, M. (2015, November 18). Kirchhelle, C. (2018)
- 8. Why are antibiotics still used today? • Antibiotics are beneficial for the animals when they have bacterial infections. • It would be cheaper for producers to bulk- fed antibiotics to livestock rather than to the individual animal that is sick. • This will help to lower the cost for producers which will lower the prices for consumers. • The companies that bulk-feeding antibiotics to livestock via feed can ensure that the animals will grow bigger and at a faster rate to meet the high demands. Massow, M. V., & Weersink, A. (2018, June 18). https://www.ecowatch.com/u-s-leads-the-way-in-breeding-antibiotic-resistant- disease-1881607547.html
- 9. What can we do about this issue? • In order to lower/get rid of antibiotics in livestock feed, we can choose meat product brands that do not use any antibiotics in their feed. • Contact state governors with concerns and the FDA in order to get to the members of Congress to seek change in the agribusiness and farming industry. • Contact fast-food restaurants headquarters with concerns in order to change where they source their meat from. https://www.kmov.com/news/americas-biggest-restaurant-chains-scored-on- their-antibiotic-use/article_d8fbddde-035c-11ea-b20d-fb9b72e12aca.html Marcus, M. (2015, November 18).
- 10. Works Cited • Anderson, L. A. (2019). Antibiotics: List of Common Antibiotics & Types. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from https://www.drugs.com/article/antibiotics.html • Fox, M. (2016, May 25). Feeding Antibiotics to Farm Animals May Worsen Climate Change. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/feeding-antibiotics-farm-animals-may-worsen-climate-change-n580406 • Hu, Y. J., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Reducing antibiotic use in livestock, China. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(5), 360–361. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.19.243501 • Kirchhelle, C. (2018). Swann Song: Antibiotic Regulation in British Livestock Production (1953–2006). Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 92(2), 317–350. https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2018.0029 • López-Colom, P., Estellé, J., Bonet, J., Coma, J., & Martín-Orúe, S. M. (2020). Applicability of an Unmedicated Feeding Program Aimed to Reduce the Use of Antimicrobials in Nursery Piglets: Impact on Performance and Fecal Microbiota. Animals (2076-2615), 10(2), 242. • Marcus, M. (2015, November 18). Antibiotics in animal feed can harm children, doctors warn. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/antibiotics-animal-feed-harm-children-american-academy-of-pediatrics/ • Massow, M. V., & Weersink, A. (2018, June 18). Why reducing antibiotics in farm animals isn't as easy as it seems. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from https://phys.org/news/2018-06-antibiotics-farm-animals-isnt-easy.html
Editor's Notes
- Hi, I’m Cindy Nguyen and in this presentation, I will be discussing the use of antibiotics in livestock feed.
- After (1) Antibiotics should be used to treat bacterial infections only when an animal is sick and should not be given in large sums everyday. After (2) In the photo above, you can see that there is a slight decline of beef consumption but a rapid increase of chicken consumption in the U.S. So meat in general is at a high demand because the chicken is rising faster than the beef decreasing which leads to more consumption overall. In order for the companies to meet this demand, they begin increasing the antibiotics use to produce meatier livestock at a faster rate.
- Create laws to adjust amount or completely eliminate use of antibiotics in agribusinesses and farms. reach out to request certain items be not sold if they sell meat with antibiotics or taxing? largest contributor of antibiotics used in livestock feed us, consumers be educated and aware of what is in our food In this photo, it shows how large agribusiness perdue uses no antibiotics in their feed and how they only use it when the chickens are sick. This is important because consumers pay with their dollars and if other business notice more business for perdue due to no-antibiotic poultry then they will tend to get rid of their antibiotics in their poultry.
- (5) Living conditions are effected by allowing unsanitary living conditions and use antibiotics as a temporary solution to many problems like hygiene. In the photo to the right, is a picture of the living conditions of factory farm and the use of antibiotics has become a quick fix to any disease or bacterial infection that may arise from these conditions. There are many other factors, but in this presentation, I will be mainly discussing the health of the livestock, the environment and human health factors.
- After (2); Diarrhea causes the body to eliminate all bacteria in the gut. This is good when there’s a stomach bug or a bad bacteria that the body cannot fight off. However, when the livestock has constant diarrhea for long period of time, this can lower their good bacteria in their gut which can lead to a higher susceptibility to illness and diseases. The antibiotics also tend to eliminate the good bacteria in the gut causing even more diarrhea in the livestock. After (3): Although, the livestock that ate the feed w/o antibiotics are lower in growth efficiency, they are not considered to be less healthy than the ones with antibiotics. Antibiotics increase the growth of livestock in order for them to be ready for the slaughterhouse in a quicker fashion to meet consumers’ demands. However, healthy and natural livestock take a longer time to grow but will result in a higher quality meat. In this case, antibiotics are used to increase quantity not quality of life or quality of meat. After (4): Streptococcus is a harmless bacteria in small quantities typically in the gut, but in larger quantities it can end up in the blood leading to organ failure and bacterial infections.
- After (2) As we know from Cowspiracy and Food Inc. , methane gas is a green house gas that is more harmful than carbon dioxide gas. Also, since the livestock are generally corn fed instead of grass fed their microbes in their bodies have to work harder to break down the corn and turn it into energy. Like the photo on the right shown…
- Mention the photo after (1) After (2) Many countries are concerned with the productive capacity, however many European countries have banned antibiotics for animal growth production and has experienced no negative impact on production or profit. After (3) Penicillin is a known antibiotics used in feed and in medical care and many pathogens become penicillin resistant so penicillin will not work to get rid of those pathogens. After (4) this can number can be lowered by reducing or banning the use antibiotics in livestock feed to prevent the increase of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
- After title: Also, I’m going to be talking about why is it not easy to reduce or completely get rid of antibiotics from livestock feed. After (3): Majority of agribusiness care mostly about the profit they make and how they can sell more for a smaller price because consumers tend to shop for cheaper products without realizing what goes into the food or the negative effects of selecting one food over another. Also, since it’s cheaper more people can have the accessibility to purchase it. After (4): In this cartoon, it’s showing antibiotics being injected into this cow which results in profit for the agribusinesses like I previously mentioned.
- Like mentioned previously, (1)…. Like Perdue. Consumers voice their change with their dollars and by spending money on companies that do not use antibiotics, we can see change in other companies. (3) In this photo, it shows the popular restaurants graded based on their approach to responsible antibiotic use in beef supplies. As you can see chipotle and Panera have an A for taking responsibility in using only antibiotic free beef and chicken while dominos and burger king and others have an F for not addressing the use of antibiotics in their meat. This is very important because this allows transparency from company to consumer and we can pay with our dollars with places that show that consumers’ experience and health are the highest priority.
- This is my works cited page and that concludes my presentation on why antibiotics should not be used in livestock feed.