The document discusses India's system of government as a "quasi federation" according to Prof. K. C Wheare. While India has some federal features like dual governments and a written constitution, it also exhibits strong unitary tendencies. The central government can direct state governments, appoint governors, change state boundaries, enjoys residuary powers and control over state lists. The central government also controls the reserve police force and states must seek grants from the union. India has a single citizenship and judicial system as well as all India services, further demonstrating its unitary leanings.

1. QUASI FEDERATION

2. INTRODUCTION
Prof. K. C Wheare calls Indian
Polity as Quasi Federal

3. INDIA DOES NOT STRICTLY CONFORM
TO THE FEDERAL FEATURES
Dual citizenship
Parallel system of Judiciary
Rigidity of Constitution

4. The Constitution of India has following
federal features
Double Govt.
Separation of powers
Written constitution
Distinction between constitution and
ordinary law

5. INDIAN SYSTEM CONTAINS FOLLOWING
UNITARY FEATURES
Central govt can send directions to the state govt.
The governors are to be appointed by the President
Parliament may change the boundaries of any state
Centre enjoys the residuary powers
Centre even has control over the state list
Laws passed by the state legislatures may be
reserved for the consideration of the President
Central Reserve Police force
States have to seek grants from the union

6. INDIAN SYSTEM CONTAINS FOLLOWING
UNITARY FEATURES
Failure of constitutional machinery in the
state President assume all the powers
Financial emergency
Single citizenship
Single judicial system
All India services