3. 論文導讀
Chi-Hua Chen, Bon-Yeh Lin, Chun-Hao Lin, Yen-Szu Liu, Chi-
Chun Lo, “A Green Positioning Algorithm for Campus Guidance
System,” International Journal of Mobile Communications, vol. 10,
no. 2, pp. 119-131, March 2012. (SSCI/EI, ISSN 1470-949X)
◦ DOI: 10.1504/IJMC.2012.045669
◦ Times Cited in Google Scholar: 13
◦ Impact Factor: 0.965
3
6. 研究背景-行動網路
蜂巢網路(Cellular Networks)演進
◦ 全球行動通訊系統(Global System for Mobile Communications, GSM)(2 G)
◦ 通用封包無線服務(General Packet Radio Service, GPRS)(2.5 G)
◦ 通用行動通訊系統(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, UMTS)(3 G)
◦ 長期演進技術(Long Term Evolution, LTE)(4 G)
◦ 蜂巢網路 + 無線區域網路(Wireless Location Area Network, WLAN)
◦ 蜂巢網路 + 物聯網(Internet of Things, IoT)
6
7. 研究背景-行動網路-GSM (2 G)
7
GPRS/GSM MS BTS
BSCUm A-bis
GERAN
MSC/VLR
HSS/
HLR/AAA
A
Core Network
PSTN
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications
GPRS: General Packet Radio SerVice
EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
GERAN: GSM EDGE Radio Access Network
MS: Mobile Station
BTS: Base Transceiver Station
BSC: Base Station Controller
MSC: Mobile Switching Center
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
VLR: Visitor Location Register
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
HLR: Home Location Register
AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
8. 研究背景-行動網路-GPRS (2.5 G)
8
Data Network
(Internet)
GPRS/GSM MS BTS
BSCUm A-bis
GERAN
MSC/VLR
SGSN GGSN
HSS/
HLR/AAA
Gn
GcGrGs
A
Gb
Core Network
PSTN
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications
GPRS: General Packet Radio SerVice
EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
GERAN: GSM EDGE Radio Access Network
MS: Mobile Station
BTS: Base Transceiver Station
BSC: Base Station Controller
MSC: Mobile Switching Center
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
VLR: Visitor Location Register
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
HLR: Home Location Register
AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
9. 研究背景-行動網路-UMTS (3 G)
9
Data Network
(Internet)
UTRAN
GPRS/GSM MS
UE
BTS
Node B
BSC
RNC
Um
Uu Iub
A-bis
GERAN
MSC/VLR
SGSN GGSN
HSS/
HLR/AAA
Gn
GcGrGs
A
IuPS
IuCS
Gb
Core Network
PSTN
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UTRAN: Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
UE: User Equipment
Node B: Base Station
RNC: Radio Network Controller
E-UTRAN: Evolved-UTRAN
LTE: Long Term Evolution
MME: Mobility Management Entity
S-GW: Serving Gateway
P-GW: Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway
WLAN: Wireless Local Area Networks
AP: Access Point
APC: Access Point Controller
WAG: WLAN Access Gateway
ePDG: Evolved Packet Data Gateway
10. 研究背景-行動網路-LTE (4 G)
10
Data Network
(Internet)
UTRAN
GPRS/GSM MS
UE
BTS
Node B
BSC
RNC
Um
Uu Iub
A-bis
GERAN
MSC/VLR
SGSN GGSN
HSS/
HLR/AAA
Gn
GcGrGs
A
IuPS
IuCS
Gb
Core Network
PSTN
E-UTRAN
UE eNode B
LTE-Uu S-GW P-GWS5S1-U
MME
S1-MME
S3
SGs
S4
S11
S6a
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UTRAN: Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
UE: User Equipment
Node B: Base Station
RNC: Radio Network Controller
E-UTRAN: Evolved-UTRAN
LTE: Long Term Evolution
MME: Mobility Management Entity
S-GW: Serving Gateway
P-GW: Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway
WLAN: Wireless Local Area Networks
AP: Access Point
APC: Access Point Controller
WAG: WLAN Access Gateway
ePDG: Evolved Packet Data Gateway
11. 研究背景-行動網路-LTE + WLAN
11
Data Network
(Internet)
UTRAN
GPRS/GSM MS
UE
BTS
Node B
BSC
RNC
Um
Uu Iub
A-bis
GERAN
MSC/VLR
SGSN GGSN
HSS/
HLR/AAA
Gn
GcGrGs
A
IuPS
IuCS
Gb
Core Network
PSTN
E-UTRAN
UE eNode B
LTE-Uu S-GW P-GWS5S1-U
MME
S1-MME
S3
SGs
S4
S11
S6a
WLAN
WLAN UE AP
APCWw WAG ePDGWpWn
S2b
Wg
Wm
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UTRAN: Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
UE: User Equipment
Node B: Base Station
RNC: Radio Network Controller
E-UTRAN: Evolved-UTRAN
LTE: Long Term Evolution
MME: Mobility Management Entity
S-GW: Serving Gateway
P-GW: Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway
WLAN: Wireless Local Area Networks
AP: Access Point
APC: Access Point Controller
WAG: WLAN Access Gateway
ePDG: Evolved Packet Data Gateway
12. 研究背景-行動網路-LTE + IoT
12
Data Network
(Internet)
UTRAN
GPRS/GSM MS
(ASN)
UE (ASN)
BTS
Node B
BSC
RNC
Um
(Mcc)
Uu
(Mcc)
Iub
A-bis
GERAN
MSC/VLR
SGSN GGSN
HSS/
HLR/AAA
Gn
GcGrGs
A
IuPS
IuCS
Gb
Core Network
PSTN
E-UTRAN
UE (ASN) eNode B
LTE-Uu
(Mcc)
S-GW P-GWS5S1-U
MME
S1-MME
S3
SGs
S4
S11
S6a
WLAN
WLAN UE
(ASN)
AP
APC
Ww
(Mcc)
WAG ePDGWpWn
S2b
SCS/AS (IN)
(Mcc)
IoT OCS (IN)
(Mch)
Z-GW
(MN)
(Mcc)
Sensor
(ASN)
Sensor
(ASN)
(Mcc) (Mcc)
(Mcc)
ZigBee Networks
Wg
Wm
IoT: Internet of Things
ASN: Application Service Node
IN: Infrastructure Node
MN: Middle Node
SCS: Service Capability Server
AS: Application Server
OCS: Offline Charging Server
Z-GW: ZigBee Gateway