2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Reading and finding legal materials
• Finding the materials
– Interpreting legal citations
– Knowing where to look
– Electronic or print
• Reading what you have found
– Understanding what you see
– Effective reading techniques
3. Legal Sources &
the Organization of Legal Materials
• Primary materials
– Legislation
– Case law
– Delegated Legislation
• Secondary materials
– Indexes
– official reports, etc.
– books
• Sources of Law
– Legislation
(Acts of Parliament, ,
Subsidiary Legislation)
– Cases
– Custom
4. Types of Legislation
Acts of Parliament or Statutes
– introduced into Parliament as Bills
– Read on this! https://www.nst.com.my/news/2017/04/227614/marathon-
parliament-session-adjourned-after-almost-20-hours
Delegated, subsidiary or subordinate
– Sub legislations - made under the authority of a Statute
Primary legislation
Secondary legislation
13. BUT…
• Acts of Parliament change, frequently, as they are
amended by more recent statutes.
• Therefore looking at the Act as it was first published,
whether in print or on the web, is hazardous.
• Legal databases – LexisNexis – will give you the current
form of a statute in electronic form.
14. Case Laws:
What do cases do?
• They determine the issue between the parties
• They may or may not also be precedents
• What is a precedent?
• A case which determines a new point of law,
rather than merely being an example of
established law
15. Citations consist of
The names of the parties
Date
Page no.
Volume number
Abbreviation
Hunter v Canary Wharf [1997] 3 WLR 684
R. v Lynch (1965) 50 Cr. App. R. 59
16. Legal Abbreviations (Appendix 1)
Some of the commonest law report abbreviations:
• All E.R. All England Law Reports
• W.L.R. Weekly Law Reports
• A.C. Law Reports: Appeal Cases
• Q.B. Law Reports: Queen's Bench Division
• E.C.R. European Court Reports
• E.H.H.R. European Human Rights Reports
• Cr. App. R. Criminal Appeal Report
• AMR. All Malaysian Law Reports
• C.L.J Current Law Journals
• M.L.J Malayan Law Journal