2. INTRODUCTION
Cancer is a dreadful disease.
80% to 90% of all cancers are
the result of the things we do
to ourselves. Among women
breast cancer is the second
most common cancer. Breast
cancer is the most common
malignant condition of breast.
3. ANAT OMY AND PAYSIOLOGY
OF BREAST
The clavicte (collarbone) Chest muscies
marks the upper boundary help move your
of the breast tissue. arm.
_ > axillary tymph nodes
filter lymph fluid from
your breast!
and help
your body fight infection.
Sr Fatty tissue fills the
ae a spaces around the
baae ducts and lobules.
The nipple is _ a ot | Ot Lobules (mammary
erase extsieu? | glands) produce milk
uring Oreaste - | making during pregnancy
thern feel firrn. and breastleeding.
Ducts carry milk
from the lobules
during breastfeeding.
4. ( How Breast Implants Work : Natural Breast Anatomy )
pectoralis major
muscle
pectoralis minor
muscie
lactiferous
sinus
lobes and
glands
adipose
chest wall
5. DEFINITION
¢ Breast cancer is the most common
malignant condition of breast.
Malignant means cells that grow
harmfully and uncontrollably.
6. CAUSES
¢ Hormonal factors like when the cells
come in contact with estrogen
¢ Genetic factors like gene mutation
7. ¢ Starting menopause at a later age
¢ Having no children or having a first
child after age 30
¢ Women with previous history of
breast cancer
¢ Not breastfeeding
¢ Using birth control pills
8. ¢ Being overweight after menopause
¢ Having first menstruation before age
12 or entering menopause after age
23
¢ Drinking alcohol (more than one drink
a day)
¢ lack of exercise
9.
10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
¢ New lump in the breast or
underarm
¢ Thickening or swelling of part of
the breast
¢ Mass which is hard with irregular
borders
11. ¢ Irritation or dimpling of breast skin
¢ Redness or flaky skin in the nipple
area or breast
¢ Pulling in of the nipple or pain in
the nipple area
¢ Nipple discharge other than breast
wih
¢ Any change in the size or the
shape of the breast
14. a Camera unit
X-ray beam
— Film plate
each breast is
compressed horizontally, then
obliquely and an x-ray
is taken of each position
15.
16.
17.
18. Breast Self Examination
Breast self-exam:
Manual inspection
(reclining)
With fingertips close
together, gently probe
each breast in one of
these three patterns
19. Breast Self-Examination
1, Examine your breasts in the 2. Examine your breasts in the mirror with your arms down, up, and
on your hips.
3, Stand and press your fingers : 5. Squeeze your nipples to
on your breast, working around I ope ee: check for discharge. Check
the breast in a circular direction. under the nipple last.
20. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
¢ Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy
cancer cells. Chemotherapy is
sometimes given before surgery in
women with larger breast tumors.
Chemotherapy is also used in women
whose cancer has already spread to
other parts of the boay.
21. ¢ AT: Adriamycin and Taxotere
¢ AC + T: Adriamycin and Cytoxan,
with or without Taxol or Taxotere
¢ CMF: Cytoxan, methotrexate, and
fluorouracil
22. ¢ CEF: Cytoxan, Ellence, and fluorouracil
¢ FAC: fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and
Cytoxan
¢ CAF: Cytoxan, Adriamycin, and
fluorouracil
(The FAC and CAF regimens use the
same medicines but use different
doses and frequencies)
¢ TAC: Taxotere, Adriamycin, and
Cytoxan
¢ GET: Gemzar, Ellence, and Taxol
23. HORMONAL THERAPY
¢ Hormonal therapy is_ prescribed to
women with ER-positive breast cancer
to block certain hormones that fuel
cancer growth. An_ example of
hormonal therapy is the’ drug
tamoxifen. This drug blocks the effects
of estrogen, which can help breast
cancer cells survive and grow. Most
women with estrogen-sensitive breast
cancer benefit from this drug.
24. ¢ Another class of hormonal therapy
medicines called aromatase
inhibitors, such as exemestane
(Aromasin), have been shown to
work just as well or even better
than tamoxifen in postmenopausal
women with’ breast cancer.
Aromatase inhibitors block
estrogen from being made.
25.
26. ¢ Radiation therapy is
an adjuvant treatment for most
women who have- undergone
lumpectomy and for some women
who have mastectomy surgery. In
these cases the purpose of
radiation is to reduce the chance
that the cancer will recur.
27. ¢ This radiation is very effective
in killing cancer cells that may
remain after surgery or recur
where the tumour was
removed.
¢ Radiation therapy can be
delivered by either external
beam radiotherapy or
brachytherapy (internal
radiotherapy).
28. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
¢ This is also referred to as breast-
conserving therapy. The surgeon
removes the cancerous area and a
surrounding margin of normal tissue. A
second incision may be made in order
to remove the lymph nodes.
32. PREVENTION OF BREAST CANCER
Get screened for breast cancer regularly
Control your weight and Do regular
exercise
Know your family history of breast cancer
Limit the amount of alcohol
Avoid induced abortions
Avoid unnecessary Medical radiation
exposure
Preventive mastectomy
