Waste Water Engineering

1. Governance-Reuse of Wastewater in
Urban Local Bodies
GROUP NO 21
Group Members-
1. Sayali Zade 111901048
2. Rushikesh Raundale 111901042
3. Utkarsh Kidile 111901062
Under the Guidance of
Dr. P.A. Sadgir Sir

2. Introduction to Problem Statement
• Decreasing water availability in urban cities due to increasing population.
• Wastewater is often pumped directly into rivers or seas, leading to pollution and posing a
threat to the health of ecosystems.
• Effects of waste-water on humans.

3. Objectives
• To protect public health.
• To protect the environment and water resources.
• To promote proper functioning of network based sewerage systems and ensure connections of
household so as to prevent dry weather flow in drains & streets.
• Treatment of sewage and sludge is required prior to discharge into the environment.
• Promote recycling & re-use of treated sewage for non-potable applications.
• To make Sewerage project economical and environmentally sustainable.

4. Reuse of Wastewater
Wastewater once treated can be used
as-
1. Water for agricultural reuse
2. Water for thermal power plant
3. Water for industrial units
4. Water for construction activities
5. Maintenance of parks

5. Current Reuse Practices in Maharashtra state and Challenges : Agriculture
• Percent of net sown area with wastewater is as high as
92 % in some parts of Maharashtra(Marathwada region)
• wastewater is used to irrigate vegetables, especially
green leafy vegetables.
• In Sangli, Miraj, Ichalkaranji, Aurangabad, Kolhapur,
Nashik and Dhule, fodder crops and sugarcane were
cultivated using wastewater.
• Fruit, bulb and vegetable seeds like tomato,onion and
chillies are wastewater irrigated only in Pune.
• Farmers using wastewater are either not aware of the
health risks.
• Practices of indirect usage of treated wastewater is
observed in the sumer months in two of these formats
a) either using one part of wastewater with
three parts of freshwater
OR
b) irrigate their fields alternately with
freshwater and wastewater

6. Current Reuse Practices in Maharashtra state and Challenges : Industrial Units
• Extent of wastewater use for industry in
Maharashtra currently industries in the state is
practicing wastewater reuse which is more of an in-
house format: wastewater generated is treated by
the industry is treated by the plants which is located
well either their premise and has been
commissioned by themselves.
• Some of the cases of in house treatment and reuse are:
1. Volkswagen, pune, MBBR
treated water output-830 cum/day
Output BOD <5 mg/L
Output COD<30 mg/L
Output TSS<5 mg/L.

7. Current Reuse Practices in Maharashtra state and Challenges : Thermal Power Plant
• 24 Thermal power stations
• 4500 litres of water per MW per hour is the
approximate demand of these plants
• Freshwater used for thermal power plant in
2018 was 2,285 million m³ and Seawater
used was 10,289 million m³ in India and it is
forecasted that in 2027, freshwater of 3,674
million m³ will be used.
• Water requirement is taken from nearby
dams, draining the water that could be
lifesaving as drinking water and fulfil
agricultural needs of the parched villages in
the regions.

8. Current policy for different states in India regarding wastewater
Maharashtra Gujrat
Name, Year Maharashtra state water policy, 2019 Policy for reuse of treated wastewater 2018
Institutional
arrangements
An autonomous centre of excellence, E-modelling,
Collaboration with state educational institutes
water users Associations (WUA’s)
State High Power Committee (SHPC) to oversee
implementation. State Technical committee
responsible for project approval, and monitoring.
Treated waste, water (TWW) cell to prepare DPRs,
build capacity and raise public awareness.
Reuse options Irrigation (agriculture, forestry, landscaping)
industry; non potable domestic.
Thermal power plants: industrial units construction
activities, large commercial/industrial users,
maintenance of parks, lake rejuvenation, firefighting:
agriculture
Operations and
maintenance
The responsible authorities of WRD including
Irrigation Development Corporations (IDCs),
Annual maintenance plants must be prepared by
respective IDCs, repairs- Rehabilitations-
Restoration (R-R-R) of traditional water harvesting
water bodies such as ex-Malguzari Talav.
Agency to be appointed by the SHPC to be responsible
for the planning, execution, O&M of TWW projects
Total Sewage
Generation
(MLD)
9107 MLD 5013 MLD
Installed
capacity
6890 MLD
76% (as % age of sewage generated)
3378 MLD
67% (As % age of sewage generated)
Actual quantity
treated
 47% of sewage is treated of total sewage
generation
 54% of sewage is treated of installed capacity
 54% of sewage is treated of total sewage
generation
 80% of sewage is treated of installed capacity

9. Methodology in Brief

10. Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Wastewater Treatment Plant is a facility designed to receive the waste from domestic,
commercial, and industrial sources and to remove materials that damage water quality and
compromise public health and safety when discharged into water receiving systems.
Conventional Wastewater Treatment Processes
Conventional wastewater treatment consists of a combination of physical, chemical, and
biological processes and operations to remove solids, organic matter, and sometimes, nutrients
from wastewater.
Primary Treatment
primary treatment is the
removal of Coarse solids,
settleable organic and
inorganic solids by
sedimentation, and the
removal of materials that
will float (scum) by
skimming.
E.g. Bar or Bow Screen
Grit removal
Sedimentation
pH neutralisation
Oil/ fat removal
Tertiary Treatment
Tertiary Treatment is
employed when specific
wastewater constituents
which cannot be removed
by secondary treatment
must be removed. The
treatment processes are
necessary to remove
nitrogen, additional
suspended solids, refractory
organics, heavy metals.
E.g. Denitrification
Disinfection
Filtration
Secondary Treatment
secondary treatment is the
further treatment of the
effluent from primary
treatment to remove the
residual organics and
suspended solids.
E.g. Activated Sludge
Extended Aeration
Aerated lagoons
Trickling Filters
Anaerobic Sequence
Anaerobic Filter

11. Designated-Best-Use Class of water Criteria
Drinking water souce without
conventional treatment but after
disinfection
A 1. Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 50 or less
2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5
3. Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less
Outdoor bathing (Organised) B
1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less
2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5
3. Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less
Drinking water source after
conventional treatment and
disinfection
C
1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less
2. pH between 6 to 9
3. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less
Propagation of Wild life and
Fisheries
D
1. pH between 6.5 to 8.5
2. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more
3. Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less
Irrigation, Industrial
Cooling, Controlled
Waste disposal
E
1. pH between 6.0 to 8.5
2. Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max.2250
3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26
4. Boron Max. 2mg/l

12. 1. Nagpur is the largest city in central India.
2. According to ICLEI, city generated around 425 million liters a day of wastewater and
Nagpur Municipal Corporation had only one wastewater treatment plant, with a
capacity of just 100 million liter a day.
3. MAHAGENCO and NMC signed a MOU in 2008 “construction and operating
agreement of treatment and transmission facilities for reclaimed water usage”.
4. NMC agreed to provide the raw wastewater
5. MahaGenCo agreed to be in-charge of the transportation and treatment.
6. The project included a raw wastewater intake facility with a pumping station of 130
million liters per day and a 2.3 km pipeline to the wastewater treatment facility.
The Case of Nagpur, India

13. Wastewater: From Waste to Resource
The Case of Nagpur, India

14. Financial and Contractual Agreements
1. The capital cost of the project was about INR 195 crore (US$28 million), excluding the cost of
land, which NMC agreed to provide
2. Mahagenco committed to build, operate, and maintain the wastewater treatment plant and pay
NMC a fixed amount of INR 15 crore (US$ 2.25 million) a year for the raw wastewater (110 million
liters a day)
3. For flows that exceeded the contracted amount, mahagenco agreed to pay NMC INR 2.03 per
cubic meter of raw wastewater
4. The treatment and provision of water through this arrangement cost mahagenco about INR 3.4
(us$0.05) per cubic meter
5. Its costs would have been significantly higher if it had sourced fresh water from another
municipal or irrigation project (about INR 9.6 (us$0.13) per cubic meter for recent projects)

15. Economic Environmental and Social
For Power Plant Treated wastewater is less expensive,
of more consistent quality and
quantity, and more sustainable than
freshwater. The power plant pays INR
3.4 instead of INR 9.6 per cubic meter
of water. Using wastewater also
results in increased resilience to
droughts, reducing supply risks
The project reduces net freshwater
extractions by the power sector,
freeing up freshwater resources for
other uses (around 47 Mm3 per
annum (Sharma, 2013)).
For NMC The revenue stream from treated
wastewater fees can cover the O&M
costs of other wastewater treatment
plants.
Increased urban wastewater
treatment capacity results in cleaner
and healthier water bodies, with the
associated environmental and social
benefits.
The project serves as model for other
cities and states to follow
Benefits of the Wastewater Treatment Project in Nagpur, India

16. Conclusion
• As more people migrate into urban areas and as urbanization increases, there is
an urgent need to develop better wastewater management policies, construct
specialized and sustainable wastewater treatment facilities.
• Governing bodies in different localities should therefore take the initiative of
ensuring proper designing and operation of separate wastewater plants for
different types of wastewater.
• Wastewater management should be done together with environmental and
health risk management.
• Wastewater can be reused to improve the scarce supply of fresh water and hold
off future investments in water treatment plants.

17. References
• maharashtra.gov.in - Maharashtra State Water Policy
https://wrd.maharashtra.gov.in/Site/Upload/PDF/State%20Water%20Policy%
2005092019-pages-32-55.pdf
• gujrat.gov.in – Policy for reuse of treated waste water
https://gwssb.gujarat.gov.in/downloads/Policy_Reuse_Of_WasteWaterA.pdf
• delhijalboard.nic.in – Delhi state water policy
http://www.delhijalboard.nic.in/sites/default/files/All-
PDF/water%2Bpolicy_21112016_0.pdf
• Unwater.org – UNESCO Water Reports 2017,2018,2019,2020
https://www.unwater.org/publication_categories/world-water-development-
report/#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20World%20Water,UNESCO%20W
orld%20Water%20Assessment%20Programme

18. Thank You!