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Persuasive Essay On White Collar Crime
Have you been charged with a whiteā€“collar crime? Do not take it lightly. That's the most important advice you'll get from the experienced defense
attorneys at Scott Brown & Associates, in a year that will see increased enforcement of antiā€“fraud and antiā€“corruption cases.
Whiteā€“collar crime is any nonviolent, financially motivated crime. Such crimes include bank fraud, tax fraud, embezzlement (theft), extortion, money
laundering, pyramid (Ponzi) schemes, racketeering, insider trading, identity theft, credit card fraud, bribery, forgery, tax evasion, cyber crimes,
counterfeiting, and conspiracy. Such crimes, committed by prominent executives and politicians, routinely make headlines. But you don't have to be
powerful or celebrated to become embroiled in whiteā€“collar crimes. Any respectable, successful member of the community may come to believe that
there's...show more content...
The FBI strengthened its capabilities by establishing three new squads of about 30 agents in Washington, D.C., New York, and Los Angeles. In the
first major initiative to be announced by Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch, in September 2015 the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) responded to
criticism of its lack of prosecutions of Wall Street criminals. It issued a memo to federal prosecutors nationwide, written by Deputy Attorney General
Sally Q. Yates and known as the "Yates Memo," that outlined new policies that prioritize the prosecution of individual employees.
The Yates Memo also put pressure on corporations to turn over evidence against their executives, reported the New York Times. "Because the memo
lays out guidelines, not laws, its effect will be determined largely by how Justice Department officials interpret it. And several of the points in the
memo merely codify policy that is already in place."
Some observers believe the Yates Memo may result in unintended consequences. According
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White Collar Crime
Welcome to the age of white collar crime. A time when the words thieves and businessmen go hand in hand. White collar criminals don't get their hands
dirty in their work. They use their heads to get what they want instead of using a little muscle. These criminals are just as dangerous as the rapists and
murderers. In these times, even the most seemingly respectable people are suspected of white collar crimes. President Clinton and the first lady Hillary
Clinton have been tangled up in the Whitewater and Travelgate business ventures. Although the two have not been formally charged with any
wrongdoing, there is a committee currently investigating their dealings and charges are not out of the question for either of them. In Michael Isikoff's
...show more content...
These people have more opportunities to commit a white collar crime than a person with little authority. Peter Michelmore, a journalist for Readers
Digest describes this situation well in his article, "On the Trail of a Scam" He describes a savings and loan scam and the man behind it all.
"Meyer learned that New Era was run by John G. Bennet, Jr., a 57 year old evangelical Christian." (112) New Era was a getting money from a
private university, in which he promised huge returns on their investment. New Era did show them huge profits, but only to gain their trust and
invest more money. The private university was gaining trust in New Era and investing more money. Finally, when They had invested a large sum of
money, New Era collapsed and John Bennet walked away with the university's money. Mr. Bennet is a prime example of our findings. He is a man
over the age of eighteen and he is in a position of power. People have entrusted him with their money. To commit his crime, he needed to be in a
position where he was trusted, or in authority. After he won their trust, he took their money. White collar crimes are growing at an alarming rate and
must be curbed. There are many things that the nation can do to slow the growth of these crimes. The white collar crime that affects the most people is
the scam. For that reason, scam prevention will be emphasized more than embezzlement. I feel that the most effective weapon against these crimes is to
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Question 2ā€“
Several, if not all of the learning theories could offer useful context in explain whiteā€“collar crimes. Individuals learn through association, this includes
violent behavior as well, and whiteā€“collar crime can involve violence. In the classic and operant perspectives, behavior in learned from the
environment in one form or another (Schmalleger, 20011). The would indicate that if an individual is working for or with someone who is or has been
cheating the company or clients', and the individual is well aware of what is going on, then that individual may potentially participate given the
opportunity and seeing the benefits. Likewise, the social learning theory indicated that you learn from your social environment. This could...show more
content...
However, the best known theory in reference to whiteā€“collar crime, which is still talked about today, and in many ways connects the learning theory, is
the differential association theory. Differential association theory suggests that delinquent individuals influence other individuals within a group or
environment or, as a single person, to perform acts of deviant behavior or outside of the social norms (Seddig, 2014). Just as forms of criminal
behavior is learned, Sutherland stated that whiteā€“collar crime is no different and that it is learned directly or indirectly by individuals who are already
participating in criminal behavior (Schmalleger, 2011). The differential association theory is useful in explaining whiteā€“collar crimes when: (a)
Individuals who already participate in these crimes my easily coerce other individuals, teams, or departments within the environment when the benefits
are known and the crime looks easy or simple, (b) The crime looks easy to commit, and your coā€“worker explains how easy the process is and that
skimming a small percentage off of such a large sum will never be missed, and (c) In committing whiteā€“collar crimes, often time there are reasons such
as unattainable goals , thus, organizational managers may turn to crime to meet corporate
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White Collar And Organized Crime Essay
White Collar And Organized Crime
In the twentieth century, White Collar and Organized Crimes have attracted the attention of the U.S. Criminal Justice System due to the greater cost to
society than most normal street crime. Even with the new attention by the Criminal Justice System, both are still pretty unknown to the general public.
Although we know it occurs, due to the lack of coverage and information, society does not realize the extent of these crimes or the impact. White
Collar and Organized is generally crime committed by someone that is considered respectable and has a high social status. The crimes committed
usually consist of fraud, insider trading, bribery, embezzlement, money laundering, identity theft or forgery. One...show more content...
They also increase the drug trafficking and pay off corrupt officials by extortion or intimidation which helps them continue their operations. Although
the FBI is unsure of how much impact there is, they estimate it to be around $1 trillion a year, globally.
The FBI has created an organized crime program that focuses on the crimes and criminal enterprises that are creating the greatest threat to America.
They have three units which are focused on La Cosa Nostra, Italian organized crime and racketeering. Also included are Middle Eastern, Asian and
African criminal enterprises. The framework of the program is based on pursuing targets that have ties to national and international criminal enterprises
and breaking them down; relying on flexibility to aid in pursuing organized crime by regions that are conducting racketeering activities. They have also
partnered with people globally to assist in information during investigations. Italy and Hungary are included in this partnership. By partnering with
other countries, tackling these groups of people becomes easier.
One of the largest Organized crime bust occurred in 2011. Close to 130 members of the New York CityMafia were arrested along with other East
Coast cities. The Bonnanno, Colombo, Gambino, Genovese and Luchese were all part of the New York's five families. Members of each of the five
families were arrested to include some of the
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Sociological Theories Of White Collar Crime
There are many theories and subā€“theories on why whiteā€“collar crime occurs, just as there are many theories and subā€“theories on why street crime
occurs. However, as with any theory dealing with sociology, there are faults as human nature is hard to define generally. One of these failings, as
explained by Benson and Moore in Reading 20, is addressed with Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime (also known as selfā€“control theory)
which, surprisingly, completely ignores sociological factors in white collar crime and instead argues that white collar crime is solely founded on
greed. As a result, this removes the concept of societal and/or personal pressure to commit whiteā€“collar crimes from the equation which fundamentally
weakens it. This is opposed to strain theory which argues that social and personal strain "force the hand" of individuals and cause them to commit
crimes. However, the weakness of this theory in regards to whiteā€“collar crime is the question of why those who've already gained financial success
wish to seek more of it through illegitimate ways, particularly if they earned their initial success in a legal manner. Another theory is that of learning
theory which suggests that criminal behavior and, therefore, whiteā€“collar crime is learned through those who legitimize these acts. However, our
society as a whole has traditionally condemned the concept of illegal acts, including whiteā€“collar crime. Why and, more importantly, how does the
voice of a few
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White And Blue Collar Crime
"Blue collar and violent crimes have such a strong presence in the media and everyday life, but so little economic effect, a greater focus needs to be
on what is causing more destruction to the economy: White Collar Crime." (Graham 8) In today's society, however this practice not only occurs in the
United States, but in several developed and developing countries around the world. White and blue collar crime are universally classified as the same
offenses, however different countries have varying understanding and approaches towards white and blue collar crime; which can have an effect on
whether the media encourage or discourage white and blue collar crime, as well as how white and blue collar crime techniques have evolved with
technology
The process of writing this paper began by researching the largest issues surrounding white and blue collar crime. The first issue that found for this
paper is quite relevant to today's society, the media interpretation and bias regarding crime. The next issue found was based off an article that spoke
of how white collar crimes are often committed through technology, which made me wonder how it evolved from its original roots. While the final
issue arose in mind as I saw a broadcast about the sudden withdrawal of currency in India due to excess counterfeit money (a whiteā€“collar crime)
circulation, and how it was...show more content...
Sutherland, and means "a crime committed by a business or government professional" (Federal Bureau of Investigation) that is also not physically
harmful. "White collar crimes include things such as fraud, embezzlement, price fixing, and abuse of political and legal power" (Funk and Wagnall's
New World Encyclopedia). While "Blue Collar" crimes are "committed by a person who is unemployed or poorly paid and fell thy have no other
choice but to engage in criminal activity." (Educate Scotland) Blue collar includes violent crimes such as homicide, robbery, and
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White Collar Crime Essay example
In this paper the exciting criminal phenomenon known as whiteā€“collar crime will be discussed. Corporate Crime and Computer Crime will be
discussed in detail. Crime preventative agencies such as the NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council) will also be researched. White Collar Crime
The late Professor Edwin Sutherland coined the term whiteā€“collar crime about 1941. Sutherland defined whiteā€“collar crime as "a crime committed by a
person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Siegel 337) Whiteā€“collar crime includes, by way of example, such acts
as promulgating false or misleading advertising, illegal exploitation of employees, mislabeling of goods, violation of weights and measures statutes,
conspiring to...show more content...
From the standpoint of the criminal, the ideal whiteā€“ collar crime is one that will never be recognized or detected as a criminal act. (Radzinowicz
325ā€“335) Corporate Crime Corporate crime is the type of crime that is engaged in by individuals and groups of individuals who become involved
in criminal conspiracies designed to improve the market share or profitability of their corporations. ( Siegel 338) Corporations are legal entities,
which can be and are subjected to criminal processes. There is today little restriction on the range of crimes for which corporations may be held
responsible, though a corporation cannot be imprisoned. The most controversial issue in regard to the study of corporate crime revolves around the
question of whether corporate crime is "really crime." Corporate officials, politicians, and many criminologists object to the criminological study of
corporate criminality on the strictest sense of the word. The conventional and strictly legal definition of crime is that it is an act, which violates the
criminal law and is thereby punishable by a criminal court. From this perspective a criminal is one who has been convicted in a criminal court. Given
these widely accepted notions of crime and criminals, it is argued that what is called corporate crime is not really
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Punishment For White Collar Crimes Essay
"In a country that prides itself on transparency, accountability and the rule of law, corporate justice cannot be allowed to continue to consist of coercion
behind closed doors" (Smith and Howat 109). Whiteā€“collar crimes are explained in "Whiteā€“collar crime" as, price fixing, false advertisement, and
wiring and tampering with accounts belonging to anyone other than, in this case, the criminal (Levenson). With the advancements in technology and
increase in satellite towers breaching financial accounts or even obtaining financial information has become effortless. Criminals commit the crime to
improve their social status. These crimes do not include physically harmed victims; however, they do include victims that are affected through a
different nature. They are different, because victims not only lose trust within the corporation, they also lose out on a valued product. Victims may
inquire restitution, but it is not always prominent that will make matters right for them. Punishment for whiteā€“collar crimes affects the corporations
social status, how the corporation can continue to manufacture after the crime, and how companies plan to go about restitution for victims.
Crimes do not normally go without punishment, the punishment just does not seem as substantial for corporate crimes. Many corporate crimes go
without public recognition. The public should be allowed access to all crimes that may affect the economy or even individuals, so they can have a
better understanding of
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White-Collar Crime Essay
Today, worldwide, there are several thousands of crimes being committed. Some don't necessarily require a lethal weapon but are associated with
various types of sophisticated fraud, this also known as a whiteā€“collar crime. These crimes involve a few different methods that take place within a
business setting. While ethical business practices add money to the bottom line, unethical practices are ultimately leading to business failure and
impacting the U.S. financially. The forms of bribery and embezzlement have been around longer than dirt. The earliest whiteā€“collar crime, that was
documented, dates back to the 15th century in England. The law was forced upon society in 1473 in response to embezzlement, or also recognized as
the Carrier's...show more content...
It wasn't long until nations across the world recognized this act and instituted laws as well. For instance, Poland passed antiā€“moneyā€“laundering
legislation among others ("The Evolution of Whiteā€“Collar Crime"). Highā€“profile whiteā€“collar crime has a few complicated financial terms and
violations. The first is insider trading, which is referring to buying or selling a company's stock while knowing or possessing nonā€“public information.
For instance if the employee was to tell a friend important company information and the friend trades that corporations stock, both will be indicted. The
next is securities fraud, which involves deceit of a company's performance. This dishonesty manipulates the market, which results in people making
bad investments. The third violation is antitrust, which is also considered as monopoly values. For example, abusing the power of price fixing, or
artificially raising prices beyond competitive market values. The last crime is bribery; quid pro quo plays a huge role in this specific violation. For
instance, where someone gives a gift or does something to please upper management in exchange for a favorable act ("Highā€“profile Whiteā€“Collar
Crime"). While the criminal commits these crimes, they seem to forget the ripple effect that this can cause in a business and society. They think they're
cheating the business out of money and have a worry free future lying right
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White Collar Crime Vs Conventional Crime
White collar crime is nothing but profiting one person or organization by violation of principals, rules and regulations of a particular organization.
White collar crimes completely deals with motivation of gaining more money. Conventional crimes are different in nature such as robbery, murder, rape
and physical harassment. The motivation behind the conventional crime is unlimited. Every crime has its own reason for doing it. There are number
of differences between conventional crime and white collar crime such as motivation, execution, who will be effected, how long it take to recover,
victims of the crime and so on. Though the conventional crime seems to be small in nature, but the effect will in wide areas of the society.
Trusted criminals
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Define White Collar Crime
White Collar crime is not a crime unto it self, but instead a criteria that has to be met in order for a crime to be considered as Whiteā€“ Collar Crime;
(Blount, 2002) hence the reason why Corporate Crime is also considered as Whiteā€“ Collar Crime. At the same time, White Collar Crime and Corporate
Crime can be seen as distinct criminological categories, however, in order to reveal this, this essay will firstly be exploring Sutherland's definition of
white collar crime and the perplexity with this definition of whiteā€“collar crime. It will then be looking at the modification which had to take place with
Sutherland's definition of whiteā€“collar crime in order to established a distinction between whiteā€“collar and corporate crime....show more content...
Furthermore, criminal behaviour is learned, and when this behaviour is been taught, it entails techniques of committing the crime which at times can
be complicated and other times quite simple; ' the specific direction of the motives, drives, rationalisation and attitudes.' (Newburn, 2013, pp. 394).
Although this theory is rarely used when theorising white collar crime, it is nonetheless an important factor in many offending. For example, a study
carried out by Geis of an electrical equipment company found that a lot of manufacture encouraged price fixing by their employee as a way of coping
with market pressure. Geis pointed out that these activities was an established way of life where those that are involved learns attitudes and
rationalisation that favour and support such misconduct. (Newburn, 2013). A second theory was given by Hirschi and Gottfredson, which is called the
Self Control Theory. This theory focus on human nature and the significance of gratification. The central idea of this theory is that individuals peruse
self interest and self gratification and the avoidance of pain. In regards to this theory crime is seen as a way in which individuals maximise pleasure
and minimise pain. Furthermore, they argued that the differences that there are between those that chooses not to be involved in criminal activities and
those that choose to
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Criticism Of White Collar Crime
White Collar Crime:
White collar crimes often consist of financial, nonā€“violent criminal acts committed by someone who uses their social status or position within their
occupation for financial gain. These crimes are usually done by professionals such as bankers, lawyers, office workers, business managers, executives
and/or accountants. These professionals committing these whiteā€“collar crimes want to attain financial income and ensure they get away with it. Often,
they target people who are gullible, with low or no education, elderly or simply take advantage of someone's trust. The offender usually starts small
then makes it a habit due to the oversight of the crime being committed. Although these crimes tend to not be nonviolent they violate the person's
involved trust which can cause psychological damages to the victim.
Criticism:
The term white collar crime is used as a nonā€“legal term which usually refers to a type of crime act but it doesn't necessary specify the actual name of
the crime being committed. This term is usually used in a very broad aspect, when in reality it can range from many different criminal activities. It fails
to make the distinction in the crime and grouping it all into one category and often is sentenced as such. Another criticism, is that it usually does not
specify the offender's socioeconomic class, it is often assumed that the person committing the whiteā€“collar crime is of upper social class. The issue here
for me is that, people who are not
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The Pros And Cons Of White Collar Crime
According to Edwin Sutherland, who was a Sociologist and Professor who believed that Whiteā€“Collar Crime was someone having a high social status
who is well respected. He also defined two types of criminal class divisions which are Blue Collar and Whiteā€“Collar. Blue Collar and White Collar
crime differ in that Common criminals are considered Blue Collar criminals with low socioeconomic status, works in factories, trades or unemployed,
and commits crimes such as burglary and rape. Whiteā€“collar criminal has higher socioeconomic status, works in office buildings for large corporations
and commits crimes such as Embezzlement, Ponzis, TaxFraud which are in the billions. In order to curtail conspiracies, the Sherman Antitrust Actof
1890 was passed. This helped so companies wouldn't monopolize certain industries like Standard Oil did to keep the competition down.
Consumer Fraud happens when customers are enticed to buy a product that is being sold and are unaware the person behind this is deceiving them.
Unfortunately, retailers and manufacturer's find ways they can make a quick buck while taking short cuts even if harms the consumer. One of the
issues lies with autoā€“repairs, there was an investigative reporter that went to many different auto repair shops to see if they would tell him that
certain things needed to be fixed on the car. What the autoshop's didn't know is that the car was in excellent condition. He was able to catch them
being dishonest and charging him for things that didn't need to be done. Beware of telemarketing fraud because that call might just cost you a pretty
penny. Telemarketers like to put people on the spot and before you know it you have bought a product for a larger amount of money than it is worth.
They could also try to con you into investing money in foreign currency for half the cost but then your money is never invested but stolen. False
advertisement is another ploy to make money by giving the consumer the lesser product. For instance, once case for Beechā€“Nut Corporation baby food
products advertised a juice as 100% fruit juice with no sugar added when in fact it didn't even contain apple juice. Another form of false advertisement
is the bait and switch which is
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White Collar Crime
A present day study of the term white collar crime, is as controversial as it is general. If you log onto the F.B.I. website to see a host of crimes
ranging from health care fraud to computer fraud. (www.fbi.gov) Criminologists, with a focus on the law, contend that many of the behaviors society
believes to be white collar crimes are in fact not crimes at all. Without a statute to define a behavior as a criminal violation of law, behaviors could be
labeled by individual standards rather than in the context of community value. An individual evaluation of what is or is not deviant allows for a
subjective approach that softens the scientific objectivity of criminology (Tappan 1977). Additionally, the American system of criminal justice
...show
more content...
There is no doubt that America is one of the worlds largest and most formidable countries. Therefore, the prison system must follow accordingly,
abiding by the government regulated rules and guidelines of equality and fairness. Unfortunately for the unsuspecting citizens of the United States, the
statistics speak otherwise. The prison system in America is undoubtedly the largest in the world, claiming the freedom of roughly four hundred and
eighty six for every one hundred thousand Americans, on average. (Federal Bureau of Justice Consensus) The amount of inmates rises annually. At
last consensus, midyear 2005, there were 2,320,359 inmates in the prison system, an increase of 2.5%. In fact this steady incline in total number of
inmates has been increasing for over a decade. Since 2001, the percentages are as follows: Violent Crimesā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“49% Property Crimesā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“19%
Drug Crimesā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“20% Publicā€“Order Crimesā€“ā€“11% As for the equality and fairness issue, statistics once again show that there are
significantly more inmates of African American or Hispanic origin than there are of Caucasian background. At midyear 2004, there were 4,919 black
inmates per 100,000 black males in the United States, compared to 1,717 Hispanic males per 100,000 and only 717 white males per 100,000. Prisons
also spend somewhere roughly around $34,000 on each inmate a year, not including special medical bills,
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Violent Crimes Vs White Collar Crimes
White Collar Crimes and Violent Crimes and whether or not they should receive the same priority levels. This discussion question I feel is like
comparing apples to oranges. These are two completely different types of crimes, usually with completely different victims.
White collar crimes are important and can result in a large loss of money or assets. White collar crimes are often referred to or viewed as victimless
crimes. However, this is not the case. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations White CollarCrime website, a white collar crime scam can do
everything from destroying and bankrupting a company, cost a family their entire life savings, or cost investors billions of dollars, or possibly all
three. Scams are extremely prevalent
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Victims Of White Collar Crime
Almost every individual has become victimized in various capacities at one point by white collar crime (Friedrichs, 2010). Due to this, victimization
of white collar crime it is highly disseminated and distributed. As a result, the aspects of the victims is highly heterogeneous (Friedrichs, 2010). In
addition, even though white collar crimes are serious and cause harm many types of white collar crime are not generally considered to be a crime and
the individuals affected are not considered victims. Some victims of white collar crime include employees who work in unsafe and unlawful
conditions, consumers who are sold unsafe and priceā€“fixed products or consumers who are victimized by deceitful and unethical practices (Friedrichs,
2010). Victims can also be differentiated into personal victims, organizational victims and tertiary victims such as the community (Friedrichs, 2010).
There is insufficient information to claim that one group of individuals is statistically more likely to become victims of white collar crime because in
general an individual is less likely to know that they have...show more content...
According to Cullen, Mathers, Clark and Cullen (1983) every day the public has money stolen from it and it is taken advantage of, however,
frequently the public is blamed for the victimization. Victims are blamed for being too greedy, too selfā€“interested or simply too reckless (Friedrichs,
2010). When compared to individuals, organizations that become victims of white collar crime generally receive more attention and justice in their
favor while individuals experience their losses all at once and agonizingly. Blaming the victim in any situation embraces the inability to look further
than the direct attributes of the victim (Cullen et al., 1983). This then obstructs the understanding of the extensive structural conditions which create
the actual foundation of the issue of white collar
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White Collar Crime Essay
In this paper the exciting criminal phenomenon known as whiteā€“collar crime will be discussed. Corporate Crime and Computer Crime will be
discussed in detail. Crime preventative agencies such as the NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council) will also be researched. White Collar Crime
The late Professor Edwin Sutherland coined the term whiteā€“collar crime about 1941. Sutherland defined whiteā€“collar crime as "a crime committed by a
person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Siegel 337) Whiteā€“collar crime includes, by way of example, such acts
as promulgating false or misleading advertising, illegal exploitation of employees, mislabeling of goods, violation of weights and measures statutes,
conspiring to...show more content...
Studies have indicated that the public now judges whiteā€“collar criminality to be more serious than it had been in the past, people now have lost
confidence in the people running major companies, and most American corporate executives are believed to be dishonest. The public's concern with
corporate crime has grown recently, but has been evident for several years. Corporate crime has also been linked to political leaders in this country.
Corporate crime is a crime of power and profit for the offenders. Large and powerful corporations who have the support of prominent political leaders
can be difficult to prosecute in corporate crime cases. At the Progress & Freedom Foundation conference held at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington,
D.C., Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich (Rā€“Georgia) was asked why he spent so much time addressing the issue of street crime and violence, while
ignoring the issue of corporate crime and violence. Gingrich answered, "If I went around the country and said, 'Vote for us and there will be no more
whiteā€“collar fraud,' the average voter will say, 'I don't think he gets it.'" But corporate crime is more than just whiteā€“collar fraud. And one reason that
Gingrich doesn't address the issue of corporate crime might be because one of the corporations that has brought him to power is Southwire Co. of
Carrollton, Georgia. Southwire has close ties to
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White Collar Crime Research Paper
Thousands of white collar crimes go unnoticed except for the ones that have to deal with extremely violent crimes. For example, drug traffickers
have to find a way to make their money seem legal so they use all forms of money laundering. Most people in today's society think that Wall Street
is the center of all white collar crimes while this might be true not every white collar criminal works on Wall Street. White collar crimes have been
going on since the 1900s, year after year, billions of dollars are lost due to all the ways money is being made or stolen illegally. Some of these white
collar criminals have been living off money laundering, fraud, extortion, and many more means. The United States of America has been the source of
all the...show more content...
Money laundering could be found in any type of business, organization, fundraiser, or charity.
One of the most know money laundering criminal happens to be Al Capone. He has laundered more than 1 billion dollars in various different
businesses. Being the leader of a notorious mobster gang he has to hide all of the money he earned illegally. He used a series of laundromats, them
being cashed operated it was easy to hide the money he earned illegally. In a smart way he made it seem like they were gains of prosperity. This gave
an opening to a whole new way of money laundering, white collar criminals can finally secretly hide money they earned illegally.
Then there is bribery, which means to offer something of value to influence actions that are going to happen. A really famous case of bribery
happened in Britain with the British aerospace company. The main concern was the deal between the company and Saudi Arabia, this deal was made
so Saudi Arabia could be supplied with fighter jets. The investigation spread to BAE's dealings in South Africa, Tanzania, Chile, Romania, the Czech
Republic and Qatar. The investigation focused on payments made by BAE through a go between
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Blue Collar Crime Vs White Collar Crimes
Introduction Professionals of the criminal justice system frequently debate the leniency of sentencing amongst white collar crimes in contrast to blue
collar crimes. Within modern society, public perception of these distinctively leveled offences is frequently recognized with more disapproval over
one another. In other words, society demonstrate disapproval towards motor or property theft in contrast to tax invasion or fraud. To define this, those
working in major corporations with higher economic and social statuses typically engage in white collar crimes. With this in mind juxtapose this, blue
collar crimes are perpetrated by those who are considered lower on the social statuses hierarchy in society, ordinarily to acquire wealth. In the
following report, I intend on comparing the two types of crimes with the objective of uncovering which type of crime is generally punished with more
leniency, despite the detrimental consequences and harm to the victim.
Blue collar criminals usually engage in larceny such as property or motor crimes. This is occasionally done with the use of a weapon to further
enhance fear in victims. They steal lower sums of money but are regularly charged with heavier sentences. White collar criminals, on the other hand,
are capable of robbing billions of dollars from clients, government agencies, or other businesses. These acts are committed for a variety of reasons
ranging from maintaining their level of power, a dissatisfaction, or workers
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Persuasive Essay On White Collar Crime

  • 1. Persuasive Essay On White Collar Crime Have you been charged with a whiteā€“collar crime? Do not take it lightly. That's the most important advice you'll get from the experienced defense attorneys at Scott Brown & Associates, in a year that will see increased enforcement of antiā€“fraud and antiā€“corruption cases. Whiteā€“collar crime is any nonviolent, financially motivated crime. Such crimes include bank fraud, tax fraud, embezzlement (theft), extortion, money laundering, pyramid (Ponzi) schemes, racketeering, insider trading, identity theft, credit card fraud, bribery, forgery, tax evasion, cyber crimes, counterfeiting, and conspiracy. Such crimes, committed by prominent executives and politicians, routinely make headlines. But you don't have to be powerful or celebrated to become embroiled in whiteā€“collar crimes. Any respectable, successful member of the community may come to believe that there's...show more content... The FBI strengthened its capabilities by establishing three new squads of about 30 agents in Washington, D.C., New York, and Los Angeles. In the first major initiative to be announced by Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch, in September 2015 the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) responded to criticism of its lack of prosecutions of Wall Street criminals. It issued a memo to federal prosecutors nationwide, written by Deputy Attorney General Sally Q. Yates and known as the "Yates Memo," that outlined new policies that prioritize the prosecution of individual employees. The Yates Memo also put pressure on corporations to turn over evidence against their executives, reported the New York Times. "Because the memo lays out guidelines, not laws, its effect will be determined largely by how Justice Department officials interpret it. And several of the points in the memo merely codify policy that is already in place." Some observers believe the Yates Memo may result in unintended consequences. According Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. White Collar Crime Welcome to the age of white collar crime. A time when the words thieves and businessmen go hand in hand. White collar criminals don't get their hands dirty in their work. They use their heads to get what they want instead of using a little muscle. These criminals are just as dangerous as the rapists and murderers. In these times, even the most seemingly respectable people are suspected of white collar crimes. President Clinton and the first lady Hillary Clinton have been tangled up in the Whitewater and Travelgate business ventures. Although the two have not been formally charged with any wrongdoing, there is a committee currently investigating their dealings and charges are not out of the question for either of them. In Michael Isikoff's ...show more content... These people have more opportunities to commit a white collar crime than a person with little authority. Peter Michelmore, a journalist for Readers Digest describes this situation well in his article, "On the Trail of a Scam" He describes a savings and loan scam and the man behind it all. "Meyer learned that New Era was run by John G. Bennet, Jr., a 57 year old evangelical Christian." (112) New Era was a getting money from a private university, in which he promised huge returns on their investment. New Era did show them huge profits, but only to gain their trust and invest more money. The private university was gaining trust in New Era and investing more money. Finally, when They had invested a large sum of money, New Era collapsed and John Bennet walked away with the university's money. Mr. Bennet is a prime example of our findings. He is a man over the age of eighteen and he is in a position of power. People have entrusted him with their money. To commit his crime, he needed to be in a position where he was trusted, or in authority. After he won their trust, he took their money. White collar crimes are growing at an alarming rate and must be curbed. There are many things that the nation can do to slow the growth of these crimes. The white collar crime that affects the most people is the scam. For that reason, scam prevention will be emphasized more than embezzlement. I feel that the most effective weapon against these crimes is to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Question 2ā€“ Several, if not all of the learning theories could offer useful context in explain whiteā€“collar crimes. Individuals learn through association, this includes violent behavior as well, and whiteā€“collar crime can involve violence. In the classic and operant perspectives, behavior in learned from the environment in one form or another (Schmalleger, 20011). The would indicate that if an individual is working for or with someone who is or has been cheating the company or clients', and the individual is well aware of what is going on, then that individual may potentially participate given the opportunity and seeing the benefits. Likewise, the social learning theory indicated that you learn from your social environment. This could...show more content... However, the best known theory in reference to whiteā€“collar crime, which is still talked about today, and in many ways connects the learning theory, is the differential association theory. Differential association theory suggests that delinquent individuals influence other individuals within a group or environment or, as a single person, to perform acts of deviant behavior or outside of the social norms (Seddig, 2014). Just as forms of criminal behavior is learned, Sutherland stated that whiteā€“collar crime is no different and that it is learned directly or indirectly by individuals who are already participating in criminal behavior (Schmalleger, 2011). The differential association theory is useful in explaining whiteā€“collar crimes when: (a) Individuals who already participate in these crimes my easily coerce other individuals, teams, or departments within the environment when the benefits are known and the crime looks easy or simple, (b) The crime looks easy to commit, and your coā€“worker explains how easy the process is and that skimming a small percentage off of such a large sum will never be missed, and (c) In committing whiteā€“collar crimes, often time there are reasons such as unattainable goals , thus, organizational managers may turn to crime to meet corporate Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. White Collar And Organized Crime Essay White Collar And Organized Crime In the twentieth century, White Collar and Organized Crimes have attracted the attention of the U.S. Criminal Justice System due to the greater cost to society than most normal street crime. Even with the new attention by the Criminal Justice System, both are still pretty unknown to the general public. Although we know it occurs, due to the lack of coverage and information, society does not realize the extent of these crimes or the impact. White Collar and Organized is generally crime committed by someone that is considered respectable and has a high social status. The crimes committed usually consist of fraud, insider trading, bribery, embezzlement, money laundering, identity theft or forgery. One...show more content... They also increase the drug trafficking and pay off corrupt officials by extortion or intimidation which helps them continue their operations. Although the FBI is unsure of how much impact there is, they estimate it to be around $1 trillion a year, globally. The FBI has created an organized crime program that focuses on the crimes and criminal enterprises that are creating the greatest threat to America. They have three units which are focused on La Cosa Nostra, Italian organized crime and racketeering. Also included are Middle Eastern, Asian and African criminal enterprises. The framework of the program is based on pursuing targets that have ties to national and international criminal enterprises and breaking them down; relying on flexibility to aid in pursuing organized crime by regions that are conducting racketeering activities. They have also partnered with people globally to assist in information during investigations. Italy and Hungary are included in this partnership. By partnering with other countries, tackling these groups of people becomes easier. One of the largest Organized crime bust occurred in 2011. Close to 130 members of the New York CityMafia were arrested along with other East Coast cities. The Bonnanno, Colombo, Gambino, Genovese and Luchese were all part of the New York's five families. Members of each of the five families were arrested to include some of the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Sociological Theories Of White Collar Crime There are many theories and subā€“theories on why whiteā€“collar crime occurs, just as there are many theories and subā€“theories on why street crime occurs. However, as with any theory dealing with sociology, there are faults as human nature is hard to define generally. One of these failings, as explained by Benson and Moore in Reading 20, is addressed with Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime (also known as selfā€“control theory) which, surprisingly, completely ignores sociological factors in white collar crime and instead argues that white collar crime is solely founded on greed. As a result, this removes the concept of societal and/or personal pressure to commit whiteā€“collar crimes from the equation which fundamentally weakens it. This is opposed to strain theory which argues that social and personal strain "force the hand" of individuals and cause them to commit crimes. However, the weakness of this theory in regards to whiteā€“collar crime is the question of why those who've already gained financial success wish to seek more of it through illegitimate ways, particularly if they earned their initial success in a legal manner. Another theory is that of learning theory which suggests that criminal behavior and, therefore, whiteā€“collar crime is learned through those who legitimize these acts. However, our society as a whole has traditionally condemned the concept of illegal acts, including whiteā€“collar crime. Why and, more importantly, how does the voice of a few Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. White And Blue Collar Crime "Blue collar and violent crimes have such a strong presence in the media and everyday life, but so little economic effect, a greater focus needs to be on what is causing more destruction to the economy: White Collar Crime." (Graham 8) In today's society, however this practice not only occurs in the United States, but in several developed and developing countries around the world. White and blue collar crime are universally classified as the same offenses, however different countries have varying understanding and approaches towards white and blue collar crime; which can have an effect on whether the media encourage or discourage white and blue collar crime, as well as how white and blue collar crime techniques have evolved with technology The process of writing this paper began by researching the largest issues surrounding white and blue collar crime. The first issue that found for this paper is quite relevant to today's society, the media interpretation and bias regarding crime. The next issue found was based off an article that spoke of how white collar crimes are often committed through technology, which made me wonder how it evolved from its original roots. While the final issue arose in mind as I saw a broadcast about the sudden withdrawal of currency in India due to excess counterfeit money (a whiteā€“collar crime) circulation, and how it was...show more content... Sutherland, and means "a crime committed by a business or government professional" (Federal Bureau of Investigation) that is also not physically harmful. "White collar crimes include things such as fraud, embezzlement, price fixing, and abuse of political and legal power" (Funk and Wagnall's New World Encyclopedia). While "Blue Collar" crimes are "committed by a person who is unemployed or poorly paid and fell thy have no other choice but to engage in criminal activity." (Educate Scotland) Blue collar includes violent crimes such as homicide, robbery, and Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. White Collar Crime Essay example In this paper the exciting criminal phenomenon known as whiteā€“collar crime will be discussed. Corporate Crime and Computer Crime will be discussed in detail. Crime preventative agencies such as the NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council) will also be researched. White Collar Crime The late Professor Edwin Sutherland coined the term whiteā€“collar crime about 1941. Sutherland defined whiteā€“collar crime as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Siegel 337) Whiteā€“collar crime includes, by way of example, such acts as promulgating false or misleading advertising, illegal exploitation of employees, mislabeling of goods, violation of weights and measures statutes, conspiring to...show more content... From the standpoint of the criminal, the ideal whiteā€“ collar crime is one that will never be recognized or detected as a criminal act. (Radzinowicz 325ā€“335) Corporate Crime Corporate crime is the type of crime that is engaged in by individuals and groups of individuals who become involved in criminal conspiracies designed to improve the market share or profitability of their corporations. ( Siegel 338) Corporations are legal entities, which can be and are subjected to criminal processes. There is today little restriction on the range of crimes for which corporations may be held responsible, though a corporation cannot be imprisoned. The most controversial issue in regard to the study of corporate crime revolves around the question of whether corporate crime is "really crime." Corporate officials, politicians, and many criminologists object to the criminological study of corporate criminality on the strictest sense of the word. The conventional and strictly legal definition of crime is that it is an act, which violates the criminal law and is thereby punishable by a criminal court. From this perspective a criminal is one who has been convicted in a criminal court. Given these widely accepted notions of crime and criminals, it is argued that what is called corporate crime is not really Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Punishment For White Collar Crimes Essay "In a country that prides itself on transparency, accountability and the rule of law, corporate justice cannot be allowed to continue to consist of coercion behind closed doors" (Smith and Howat 109). Whiteā€“collar crimes are explained in "Whiteā€“collar crime" as, price fixing, false advertisement, and wiring and tampering with accounts belonging to anyone other than, in this case, the criminal (Levenson). With the advancements in technology and increase in satellite towers breaching financial accounts or even obtaining financial information has become effortless. Criminals commit the crime to improve their social status. These crimes do not include physically harmed victims; however, they do include victims that are affected through a different nature. They are different, because victims not only lose trust within the corporation, they also lose out on a valued product. Victims may inquire restitution, but it is not always prominent that will make matters right for them. Punishment for whiteā€“collar crimes affects the corporations social status, how the corporation can continue to manufacture after the crime, and how companies plan to go about restitution for victims. Crimes do not normally go without punishment, the punishment just does not seem as substantial for corporate crimes. Many corporate crimes go without public recognition. The public should be allowed access to all crimes that may affect the economy or even individuals, so they can have a better understanding of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. White-Collar Crime Essay Today, worldwide, there are several thousands of crimes being committed. Some don't necessarily require a lethal weapon but are associated with various types of sophisticated fraud, this also known as a whiteā€“collar crime. These crimes involve a few different methods that take place within a business setting. While ethical business practices add money to the bottom line, unethical practices are ultimately leading to business failure and impacting the U.S. financially. The forms of bribery and embezzlement have been around longer than dirt. The earliest whiteā€“collar crime, that was documented, dates back to the 15th century in England. The law was forced upon society in 1473 in response to embezzlement, or also recognized as the Carrier's...show more content... It wasn't long until nations across the world recognized this act and instituted laws as well. For instance, Poland passed antiā€“moneyā€“laundering legislation among others ("The Evolution of Whiteā€“Collar Crime"). Highā€“profile whiteā€“collar crime has a few complicated financial terms and violations. The first is insider trading, which is referring to buying or selling a company's stock while knowing or possessing nonā€“public information. For instance if the employee was to tell a friend important company information and the friend trades that corporations stock, both will be indicted. The next is securities fraud, which involves deceit of a company's performance. This dishonesty manipulates the market, which results in people making bad investments. The third violation is antitrust, which is also considered as monopoly values. For example, abusing the power of price fixing, or artificially raising prices beyond competitive market values. The last crime is bribery; quid pro quo plays a huge role in this specific violation. For instance, where someone gives a gift or does something to please upper management in exchange for a favorable act ("Highā€“profile Whiteā€“Collar Crime"). While the criminal commits these crimes, they seem to forget the ripple effect that this can cause in a business and society. They think they're cheating the business out of money and have a worry free future lying right Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. White Collar Crime Vs Conventional Crime White collar crime is nothing but profiting one person or organization by violation of principals, rules and regulations of a particular organization. White collar crimes completely deals with motivation of gaining more money. Conventional crimes are different in nature such as robbery, murder, rape and physical harassment. The motivation behind the conventional crime is unlimited. Every crime has its own reason for doing it. There are number of differences between conventional crime and white collar crime such as motivation, execution, who will be effected, how long it take to recover, victims of the crime and so on. Though the conventional crime seems to be small in nature, but the effect will in wide areas of the society. Trusted criminals Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Define White Collar Crime White Collar crime is not a crime unto it self, but instead a criteria that has to be met in order for a crime to be considered as Whiteā€“ Collar Crime; (Blount, 2002) hence the reason why Corporate Crime is also considered as Whiteā€“ Collar Crime. At the same time, White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime can be seen as distinct criminological categories, however, in order to reveal this, this essay will firstly be exploring Sutherland's definition of white collar crime and the perplexity with this definition of whiteā€“collar crime. It will then be looking at the modification which had to take place with Sutherland's definition of whiteā€“collar crime in order to established a distinction between whiteā€“collar and corporate crime....show more content... Furthermore, criminal behaviour is learned, and when this behaviour is been taught, it entails techniques of committing the crime which at times can be complicated and other times quite simple; ' the specific direction of the motives, drives, rationalisation and attitudes.' (Newburn, 2013, pp. 394). Although this theory is rarely used when theorising white collar crime, it is nonetheless an important factor in many offending. For example, a study carried out by Geis of an electrical equipment company found that a lot of manufacture encouraged price fixing by their employee as a way of coping with market pressure. Geis pointed out that these activities was an established way of life where those that are involved learns attitudes and rationalisation that favour and support such misconduct. (Newburn, 2013). A second theory was given by Hirschi and Gottfredson, which is called the Self Control Theory. This theory focus on human nature and the significance of gratification. The central idea of this theory is that individuals peruse self interest and self gratification and the avoidance of pain. In regards to this theory crime is seen as a way in which individuals maximise pleasure and minimise pain. Furthermore, they argued that the differences that there are between those that chooses not to be involved in criminal activities and those that choose to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Criticism Of White Collar Crime White Collar Crime: White collar crimes often consist of financial, nonā€“violent criminal acts committed by someone who uses their social status or position within their occupation for financial gain. These crimes are usually done by professionals such as bankers, lawyers, office workers, business managers, executives and/or accountants. These professionals committing these whiteā€“collar crimes want to attain financial income and ensure they get away with it. Often, they target people who are gullible, with low or no education, elderly or simply take advantage of someone's trust. The offender usually starts small then makes it a habit due to the oversight of the crime being committed. Although these crimes tend to not be nonviolent they violate the person's involved trust which can cause psychological damages to the victim. Criticism: The term white collar crime is used as a nonā€“legal term which usually refers to a type of crime act but it doesn't necessary specify the actual name of the crime being committed. This term is usually used in a very broad aspect, when in reality it can range from many different criminal activities. It fails to make the distinction in the crime and grouping it all into one category and often is sentenced as such. Another criticism, is that it usually does not specify the offender's socioeconomic class, it is often assumed that the person committing the whiteā€“collar crime is of upper social class. The issue here for me is that, people who are not Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. The Pros And Cons Of White Collar Crime According to Edwin Sutherland, who was a Sociologist and Professor who believed that Whiteā€“Collar Crime was someone having a high social status who is well respected. He also defined two types of criminal class divisions which are Blue Collar and Whiteā€“Collar. Blue Collar and White Collar crime differ in that Common criminals are considered Blue Collar criminals with low socioeconomic status, works in factories, trades or unemployed, and commits crimes such as burglary and rape. Whiteā€“collar criminal has higher socioeconomic status, works in office buildings for large corporations and commits crimes such as Embezzlement, Ponzis, TaxFraud which are in the billions. In order to curtail conspiracies, the Sherman Antitrust Actof 1890 was passed. This helped so companies wouldn't monopolize certain industries like Standard Oil did to keep the competition down. Consumer Fraud happens when customers are enticed to buy a product that is being sold and are unaware the person behind this is deceiving them. Unfortunately, retailers and manufacturer's find ways they can make a quick buck while taking short cuts even if harms the consumer. One of the issues lies with autoā€“repairs, there was an investigative reporter that went to many different auto repair shops to see if they would tell him that certain things needed to be fixed on the car. What the autoshop's didn't know is that the car was in excellent condition. He was able to catch them being dishonest and charging him for things that didn't need to be done. Beware of telemarketing fraud because that call might just cost you a pretty penny. Telemarketers like to put people on the spot and before you know it you have bought a product for a larger amount of money than it is worth. They could also try to con you into investing money in foreign currency for half the cost but then your money is never invested but stolen. False advertisement is another ploy to make money by giving the consumer the lesser product. For instance, once case for Beechā€“Nut Corporation baby food products advertised a juice as 100% fruit juice with no sugar added when in fact it didn't even contain apple juice. Another form of false advertisement is the bait and switch which is Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. White Collar Crime A present day study of the term white collar crime, is as controversial as it is general. If you log onto the F.B.I. website to see a host of crimes ranging from health care fraud to computer fraud. (www.fbi.gov) Criminologists, with a focus on the law, contend that many of the behaviors society believes to be white collar crimes are in fact not crimes at all. Without a statute to define a behavior as a criminal violation of law, behaviors could be labeled by individual standards rather than in the context of community value. An individual evaluation of what is or is not deviant allows for a subjective approach that softens the scientific objectivity of criminology (Tappan 1977). Additionally, the American system of criminal justice ...show more content... There is no doubt that America is one of the worlds largest and most formidable countries. Therefore, the prison system must follow accordingly, abiding by the government regulated rules and guidelines of equality and fairness. Unfortunately for the unsuspecting citizens of the United States, the statistics speak otherwise. The prison system in America is undoubtedly the largest in the world, claiming the freedom of roughly four hundred and eighty six for every one hundred thousand Americans, on average. (Federal Bureau of Justice Consensus) The amount of inmates rises annually. At last consensus, midyear 2005, there were 2,320,359 inmates in the prison system, an increase of 2.5%. In fact this steady incline in total number of inmates has been increasing for over a decade. Since 2001, the percentages are as follows: Violent Crimesā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“49% Property Crimesā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“19% Drug Crimesā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“20% Publicā€“Order Crimesā€“ā€“11% As for the equality and fairness issue, statistics once again show that there are significantly more inmates of African American or Hispanic origin than there are of Caucasian background. At midyear 2004, there were 4,919 black inmates per 100,000 black males in the United States, compared to 1,717 Hispanic males per 100,000 and only 717 white males per 100,000. Prisons also spend somewhere roughly around $34,000 on each inmate a year, not including special medical bills, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Violent Crimes Vs White Collar Crimes White Collar Crimes and Violent Crimes and whether or not they should receive the same priority levels. This discussion question I feel is like comparing apples to oranges. These are two completely different types of crimes, usually with completely different victims. White collar crimes are important and can result in a large loss of money or assets. White collar crimes are often referred to or viewed as victimless crimes. However, this is not the case. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations White CollarCrime website, a white collar crime scam can do everything from destroying and bankrupting a company, cost a family their entire life savings, or cost investors billions of dollars, or possibly all three. Scams are extremely prevalent Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Victims Of White Collar Crime Almost every individual has become victimized in various capacities at one point by white collar crime (Friedrichs, 2010). Due to this, victimization of white collar crime it is highly disseminated and distributed. As a result, the aspects of the victims is highly heterogeneous (Friedrichs, 2010). In addition, even though white collar crimes are serious and cause harm many types of white collar crime are not generally considered to be a crime and the individuals affected are not considered victims. Some victims of white collar crime include employees who work in unsafe and unlawful conditions, consumers who are sold unsafe and priceā€“fixed products or consumers who are victimized by deceitful and unethical practices (Friedrichs, 2010). Victims can also be differentiated into personal victims, organizational victims and tertiary victims such as the community (Friedrichs, 2010). There is insufficient information to claim that one group of individuals is statistically more likely to become victims of white collar crime because in general an individual is less likely to know that they have...show more content... According to Cullen, Mathers, Clark and Cullen (1983) every day the public has money stolen from it and it is taken advantage of, however, frequently the public is blamed for the victimization. Victims are blamed for being too greedy, too selfā€“interested or simply too reckless (Friedrichs, 2010). When compared to individuals, organizations that become victims of white collar crime generally receive more attention and justice in their favor while individuals experience their losses all at once and agonizingly. Blaming the victim in any situation embraces the inability to look further than the direct attributes of the victim (Cullen et al., 1983). This then obstructs the understanding of the extensive structural conditions which create the actual foundation of the issue of white collar Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. White Collar Crime Essay In this paper the exciting criminal phenomenon known as whiteā€“collar crime will be discussed. Corporate Crime and Computer Crime will be discussed in detail. Crime preventative agencies such as the NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council) will also be researched. White Collar Crime The late Professor Edwin Sutherland coined the term whiteā€“collar crime about 1941. Sutherland defined whiteā€“collar crime as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Siegel 337) Whiteā€“collar crime includes, by way of example, such acts as promulgating false or misleading advertising, illegal exploitation of employees, mislabeling of goods, violation of weights and measures statutes, conspiring to...show more content... Studies have indicated that the public now judges whiteā€“collar criminality to be more serious than it had been in the past, people now have lost confidence in the people running major companies, and most American corporate executives are believed to be dishonest. The public's concern with corporate crime has grown recently, but has been evident for several years. Corporate crime has also been linked to political leaders in this country. Corporate crime is a crime of power and profit for the offenders. Large and powerful corporations who have the support of prominent political leaders can be difficult to prosecute in corporate crime cases. At the Progress & Freedom Foundation conference held at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C., Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich (Rā€“Georgia) was asked why he spent so much time addressing the issue of street crime and violence, while ignoring the issue of corporate crime and violence. Gingrich answered, "If I went around the country and said, 'Vote for us and there will be no more whiteā€“collar fraud,' the average voter will say, 'I don't think he gets it.'" But corporate crime is more than just whiteā€“collar fraud. And one reason that Gingrich doesn't address the issue of corporate crime might be because one of the corporations that has brought him to power is Southwire Co. of Carrollton, Georgia. Southwire has close ties to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. White Collar Crime Research Paper Thousands of white collar crimes go unnoticed except for the ones that have to deal with extremely violent crimes. For example, drug traffickers have to find a way to make their money seem legal so they use all forms of money laundering. Most people in today's society think that Wall Street is the center of all white collar crimes while this might be true not every white collar criminal works on Wall Street. White collar crimes have been going on since the 1900s, year after year, billions of dollars are lost due to all the ways money is being made or stolen illegally. Some of these white collar criminals have been living off money laundering, fraud, extortion, and many more means. The United States of America has been the source of all the...show more content... Money laundering could be found in any type of business, organization, fundraiser, or charity. One of the most know money laundering criminal happens to be Al Capone. He has laundered more than 1 billion dollars in various different businesses. Being the leader of a notorious mobster gang he has to hide all of the money he earned illegally. He used a series of laundromats, them being cashed operated it was easy to hide the money he earned illegally. In a smart way he made it seem like they were gains of prosperity. This gave an opening to a whole new way of money laundering, white collar criminals can finally secretly hide money they earned illegally. Then there is bribery, which means to offer something of value to influence actions that are going to happen. A really famous case of bribery happened in Britain with the British aerospace company. The main concern was the deal between the company and Saudi Arabia, this deal was made so Saudi Arabia could be supplied with fighter jets. The investigation spread to BAE's dealings in South Africa, Tanzania, Chile, Romania, the Czech Republic and Qatar. The investigation focused on payments made by BAE through a go between Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. Blue Collar Crime Vs White Collar Crimes Introduction Professionals of the criminal justice system frequently debate the leniency of sentencing amongst white collar crimes in contrast to blue collar crimes. Within modern society, public perception of these distinctively leveled offences is frequently recognized with more disapproval over one another. In other words, society demonstrate disapproval towards motor or property theft in contrast to tax invasion or fraud. To define this, those working in major corporations with higher economic and social statuses typically engage in white collar crimes. With this in mind juxtapose this, blue collar crimes are perpetrated by those who are considered lower on the social statuses hierarchy in society, ordinarily to acquire wealth. In the following report, I intend on comparing the two types of crimes with the objective of uncovering which type of crime is generally punished with more leniency, despite the detrimental consequences and harm to the victim. Blue collar criminals usually engage in larceny such as property or motor crimes. This is occasionally done with the use of a weapon to further enhance fear in victims. They steal lower sums of money but are regularly charged with heavier sentences. White collar criminals, on the other hand, are capable of robbing billions of dollars from clients, government agencies, or other businesses. These acts are committed for a variety of reasons ranging from maintaining their level of power, a dissatisfaction, or workers Get more content on HelpWriting.net