Remote Monitoring of Crop Field Using Wireless Sensor Network
Project Report wireless sensor Network
1. Submitted
By
–Braj
Raj
Singh
Submitted
to-‐
Prof.
Carl
Lundgren
Telecommunication
Engineering
Technology
R o c h e s t e r
I n s t i t u t e
O f
T e c h n o l o g y
Graduate
Research
Paper
Wireless
Sensor
Network
For
Smart
Grid
Refrigerator/Freezer
Unit
2. 2
Index
1).
Introduction
Page
3
2).
Required
Component
-‐
I. MSP
430
Microcontroller
Page-‐
4
II. CC2500
Page-‐
6
III. EZ430-‐RF2500T
Target
Board
Page
-‐7
3).
Access
Point
Page
-‐8
4).
Program
for
Access
Point
Page
-‐9
5).
End
Device
Page
-‐15
6).
Compiling
and
Loading
the
Access
Point
code
Page
-‐16
7).
Program
for
End
device
Page
-‐19
8).
Compiling
and
Loading
the
End
Device
Code
Page-‐
25
8).
Temperature
Sensors
Monitoring
Portal
Page
-‐26
9).
Wireless
Sensor
Network
diagram
Page
-‐28
10).
Data
Acquisition
system
for
wireless
sensor
Page
-‐29
11).
Process
to
configure
Real
Term
application
Page
-‐30
12).
Representation
of
Sensors
data
Page
-‐31
13).
Customized
program
for
Data
Acquisition
(End
Device).
Page
-‐32
14).
References
Page
-‐34
3. 3
Introduction –
Wireless Sensor Network-
A
wireless
sensor
network
consists
of
spatially
distributed
autonomous
sensors
to
monitor
physical
or
environmental
conditions,
such
as
temperature,
sound,
vibration,
pressure,
motion
or
pollutants
and
to
cooperatively
pass
their
data
through
the
network
to
a
main
location.
These
Wireless
networks
are
used
in
many
industrial
and
consumer
applications,
such
as
industrial
process
monitoring
and
control,
machine
health
monitoring,
and
so
on.
The
Wireless
Sensor
Network
is
built
of
nodes
from
a
few
to
several
hundreds
or
even
thousands,
where
each
node
is
connected
to
one
or
more
sensors.
Each
such
sensor
network
node
has
typically
several
parts:
a
radio
transceiver
with
an
internal
antenna
or
connection
to
an
external
antenna,
a
microcontroller,
an
electronic
circuit
for
interfacing
with
the
sensors
and
an
energy
source,
usually
a
battery
or
an
embedded
form
of
energy
harvesting.
A
sensor
node
might
vary
in
size
from
that
of
a
shoebox
down
to
the
size
of
a
grain
of
dust,
although
functioning
"motes"
of
genuine
microscopic
dimensions
have
yet
to
be
created.
The
cost
of
sensor
nodes
is
similarly
variable,
ranging
from
a
few
to
hundreds
of
dollars,
depending
on
the
complexity
of
the
individual
sensor
nodes.
Size
and
cost
constraints
on
sensor
nodes
result
in
corresponding
constraints
on
resources
such
as
energy,
memory,
computational
speed
and
communications
bandwidth.
The
topology
of
the
WSNs
can
vary
from
a
simple
star
network
to
an
advanced
multi-‐hop
wireless
mesh
network.
The
propagation
technique
between
the
hops
of
the
network
can
be
routing
or
flooding.
Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Grid Refrigerator-
This
Project
research
is
based
on
remotely
monitoring
and
analyzing
the
temperature
of
Refrigerator/Freezer
unit
using
wireless
sensors.
Specifically,
this
portion
of
the
project
was
the
development
and
fabrication
of
wireless
temperature
instrumentation
to
be
placed
in
multiple
locations
in
the
refrigerator
and
freezer
compartments.
This
wireless
data
acquisition
system
allows
minimal
thermal
leakage;
and
data
storage
and
display
remote
to
the
R/F
allows
continuous
and
offsite
monitoring.
In
addition
to
data
acquisition,
the
system
is
a
prototype
for
future
systems
where
the
temperature
sensor(s)
communicates
with
the
demand
management
controller
to
avoid
excessive
temperature
excursions.
4. 4
Required
Components
of
project-‐
(1).
MSP430
Microcontroller-‐
MSP430
is
one
of
the
main
component
of
wireless
sensor
network.
This
is
Mixed
Signal
Processor,
Which
is
ideal
for
battery-‐powered
measurement
applications.
Ultra-‐low
Power-‐
The
MSP430
architecture
is
designed
specifically
for
ultra-‐low
power
applications.
Specific
operating
modes
are
implemented
to
reduce
power
consumption
and
extend
battery
life.
The
real-‐time
clock
mode
uses
as
little
as
0.8µA
and
can
transition
to
industry
leading
250mA
/
MIPS
full-‐speed
active
mode
in
less
than
1µs.
Other
important
low-‐power
feature
such
as
zero-‐power
brown-‐out
reset
(BOR)
and
extremely
low
pin
leakage
have
enabled
MSP430
customers
to
develop
battery-‐based
products
that
will
last
for
over
10-‐years
from
the
original
battery.
The
MSP430
modern
16-‐bit
RISC
architecture
reduces
code
size
and
allows
advanced
signal
processing
features
not
possible
using
conventional
8-‐bit
MCUs.
5. 5
Intelligent
mixed-‐signal
peripherals
including
10-‐16-‐bit
ADC’s,
comparators,
DAC’s,
LCD
drivers
and
supply
voltage
supervisors
support
precision
measurement.
This
allows
applications
to
get
implemented
faster,
using
less
code
and
power
at
lower
cost.
Applications
operating
at
lower
power,
with
smaller
packaging
and
higher-‐precision
analog
benefit
greatly
from
the
MSP430’s
embedded
emulation.
No
external
emulator
is
required
as
the
device
emulates
itself.
JTAG
is
used
to
communicate
unobtrusively
with
the
MSP430
in
application.
This
means
that
all
development
is
done
under
the
same
condition
that
will
be
seen
in
the
final
product.
Using
embedded
emulation
projects
are
developed
faster,
with
few
errors
and
at
a
lower
cost.
FLASH
8-60K B
RAM
512-10K B
POR
BOR
8Mhz
Basic
Clock
Watch
dog
15-bit
RISC
CPU
16-bit
JTAG/EEM
Port3/4
Port5/6
MAB
MDB
Timer_B7
16-bit
Port1/2
with IRQ
Comp_A
USART1
UART/SPI
Timer_A3
16-bit
ADC12
200ksps
Vref
Temp
DAC12_0
DAC12_1
DMA
SVS
USART0
UART/SPI
I2C
MPY
MPYS
MAC
MACS
6. 6
(2).
CC2500-‐
The
CC2500
is
a
low-‐cost
2.4
GHz
transceiver
designed
for
very
low-‐power
wireless
applications.
The
RF
transceiver
is
integrated
with
a
highly
configurable
baseband
modem.
The
modem
supports
various
modulation
formats
and
has
a
configurable
data
rate
up-‐
to
500
kBaud.
Key
Feature
of
CC2500-‐
High
sensitivity
(–104
dBm
at
2.4
kBaud
1%
packet
error
rate).
Low
current
consumption
(13.3
mA
in
RX,
250
kBaud,
input
well
above
sensitivity
limit).
Programmable
output
power
up
to
+1
dBm.
Excellent
receiver
selectivity
and
blocking
performance.
Programmable
data
rate
from
1.2
to
500
kBaud
.
Frequency
range:
2400
–
2483.5
MHz
7. 7
(3).
EZ430-‐RF2500T
Target
Board-‐
The
eZ430-‐RF2500
used
as
a
stand-‐alone
development
tool.
Additionally,
the
eZ430-‐
RF2500T
target
board
used
to
detached
from
the
debugging
interface
and
integrated
into
another
design
by
removing
the
plastic
enclosure.
The
target
board
features-‐
Most
of
its
pins
are
easily
accessible.
MSP430F2274
–
1) 32KB
Flash
2) 1KB
RAM
3) USCI
(UART,
2xSPI,
I2C,
IrDA)
4) 10-‐bit
200
kbps
ADC
5) 2
Op
Amps
CC2500
–
1) 2.4
GHz,
ISM
band
multi-‐channel
low
power
transceiver
2) 2
LEDs
3) 1
pushbutton
4) Battery
expansion
board
with
2
AAA
batteries
8. 8
Access
Point
–
There
are
two
main
part
of
RF
wireless
sensor
Network
one
is
programmable
USB
Access
point,
which
is
a
simple
serial
port
device.
In
Access
point
each
circuit
board
holds
a
complete
computer
and
a
2.4
GHz
radio
transceiver.
The
computer
contains
several
analog
and
digital
I/O
channels,
including
10
bit
analog
to
digital
conversion,
two
op-‐amps,
and
an
interface
to
the
radio
chip.
We
can
program
the
computer
in
C
using
a
very
nice
development
system
included
with
the
kit.
This
also
provides
us
with
the
libraries
needed
to
use
the
radio
to
send
and
receive
simple
messages.
We
can
interact
with
the
computer
via
18
pins,
two
LED’s
and
a
pushbutton.
9. 9
Program
for
Access
point
–
The
access
point
build
includes
implementation
of
an
unknown
number
of
end
device
peers
in
addition
to
access
point
functionality.
In
this
scenario
all
End
Devices
establish
a
link
to
the
access
point.
The
AP
acts
as
a
data
hub.
All
End
Device
peers
are
on
the
access
point
and
not
on
other
distinct
ED
platforms.
There
is
still
a
limit
to
the
number
of
peers
supported
on
the
access
point
that
is
defined
by
the
macro
NUM_CONNECTIONS.
The
access
point
will
support
NUM_CONNECTIONS
or
fewer
peers
but
the
exact
number
does
not
need
to
be
known
at
build
time.
/*
reserve
space
for
the
maximum
possible
peer
Link
IDs
*/
static
linkID_t
sLID[NUM_CONNECTIONS]
=
{0};
static
uint8_t
sNumCurrentPeers
=
0;
/*
callback
handler
*/
static
uint8_t
sCB(linkID_t);
/*
received
message
handler
*/
static
void
processMessage(linkID_t,
uint8_t
*,
uint8_t);
/*
Frequency
Agility
helper
functions
*/
static
void
checkChangeChannel(void);
static
void
changeChannel(void);
/*
work
loop
semaphores
*/
static
volatile
uint8_t
sPeerFrameSem
=
0;
static
volatile
uint8_t
sJoinSem
=
0;
static
volatile
uint8_t
sSelfMeasureSem
=
0;
#ifdef
FREQUENCY_AGILITY
/*
BEGIN
interference
detection
support
*/
#define
INTERFERNCE_THRESHOLD_DBM
(-‐70)
#define
SSIZE
25
#define
IN_A_ROW
3
static
int8_t
sSample[SSIZE];
11. 11
//network
initialized
TXString(
"Donern",
6);
/*
green
and
red
LEDs
on
solid
to
indicate
waiting
for
a
Join.
*/
if
(!BSP_LED2_IS_ON())
{
toggleLED(2);
}
if
(!BSP_LED1_IS_ON())
{
toggleLED(1);
}
/*
main
work
loop
*/
while
(1)
{
if
(sJoinSem
&&
(sNumCurrentPeers
<
NUM_CONNECTIONS))
{
/*
listen
for
a
new
connection
*/
while
(1)
{
if
(SMPL_SUCCESS
==
SMPL_LinkListen(&sLID[sNumCurrentPeers]))
{
break;
}
/*Implement
fail-‐to-‐link
policy
here.
otherwise,
listen
again.
*/
}
sNumCurrentPeers++;
BSP_ENTER_CRITICAL_SECTION(intState);
sJoinSem-‐-‐;
12. 12
BSP_EXIT_CRITICAL_SECTION(intState);
}
//if
it
is
time
to
measure
our
own
temperature...
if(sSelfMeasureSem)
{
char
msg
[6];
char
addr[]
=
{"HUB0"};
char
rssi[]
=
{"000"};
int
degC,
volt;
volatile
long
temp;
int
results[2];
ADC10CTL1
=
INCH_10
+
ADC10DIV_4;
//
Temp
Sensor
ADC10CLK/5
ADC10CTL0
=
SREF_1
+
ADC10SHT_3
+
REFON
+
ADC10ON
+
ADC10IE
+
ADC10SR;
for(
degC
=
240;
degC
>
0;
degC-‐-‐
);
//
delay
to
allow
reference
to
settle
ADC10CTL0
|=
ENC
+
ADC10SC;
//
Sampling
and
conversion
start
__bis_SR_register(CPUOFF
+
GIE);
//
LPM0
with
interrupts
enabled
results[0]
=
ADC10MEM;
ADC10CTL0
&=
~ENC;
ADC10CTL1
=
INCH_11;
//
AVcc/2
ADC10CTL0
=
SREF_1
+
ADC10SHT_2
+
REFON
+
ADC10ON
+
ADC10IE
+
REF2_5V;
for(
degC
=
240;
degC
>
0;
degC-‐-‐
);
//
delay
to
allow
reference
to
settle
ADC10CTL0
|=
ENC
+
ADC10SC;
//
Sampling
and
conversion
start
__bis_SR_register(CPUOFF
+
GIE);
//
LPM0
with
interrupts
enabled
results[1]
=
ADC10MEM;
ADC10CTL0
&=
~ENC;
ADC10CTL0
&=
~(REFON
+
ADC10ON);
//
turn
off
A/D
to
save
power
//oC
=
((A10/1024)*1500mV)-‐986mV)*1/3.55mV
=
A10*423/1024
-‐
278
//the
temperature
is
transmitted
as
an
integer
where
32.1
=
321
//hence
4230
instead
of
423
13. 13
temp
=
results[0];
degC
=
(((temp
-‐
673)
*
4230)
/
1024);
if(
(*tempOffset)
!=
0xFFFF
)
{
degC
+=
(*tempOffset);
}
temp
=
results[1];
volt
=
(temp*25)/512;
msg[0]
=
degC&0xFF;
msg[1]
=
(degC>>8)&0xFF;
msg[2]
=
volt;
transmitDataString(1,
addr,
rssi,
msg
);
BSP_TOGGLE_LED1();
sSelfMeasureSem
=
0;
}
/*
Runs
in
ISR
context.
Reading
the
frame
should
be
done
in
the
*/
/*
application
thread
not
in
the
ISR
thread.
*/
static
uint8_t
sCB(linkID_t
lid)
{
if
(lid)
{
sPeerFrameSem++;
sBlinky
=
0;
}
else
{
sJoinSem++;
}
/*
leave
frame
to
be
read
by
application.
*/
return
0;
}
15. 15
END
Device-‐
The
second
part
is
END
device.
Hardware
circuit
of
both
devices
are
identical
but
they
both
running
on
different
programs.
16. 16
Compiling
and
Loading
the
Access
Point
code-‐
To
build
the
executable
for
the
Access
Point
you
start
by
selecting
the
Access
Point
tab
from
the
Workspace
panel
of
the
IAR
Embedded
Workbench
window.
(1). Select the Access Point Tab –
2)
On
the
menu
bar
select
“Project”,
then
“Rebuild
All”.
This
will
recompile
the
project
and
prepare
the
programming
files.
17. 17
3) The next step is to load the new code into your little Access Point
circuit board-
To do this just plug the USB stick carrying the AP device into a USB port as before. Now
select “Project” on the menu bar, then “Debug”. This will download the new program to
the little circuit board and will start the debugger.
18. 18
4). Since we are not interested in running the debugger, once the
debugger starts we can just select “Debug” and “Stop Debugging” from
the menu bar.
Now device is programmed and we can unplug the stick from the USB port.
19. 19
Program
for
End
Device-‐
EZ430-‐RF2500
Temperature
Sensor
End
Device
//
Description:
This
is
the
End
Device
software
for
the
eZ430-‐2500RF
Temperature
Sensing
//
#define
I_WANT_TO_CHANGE_DEFAULT_ROM_DEVICE_ADDRESS_PSEUDO_CODE
#include
"bsp.h"
#include
"mrfi.h"
#include
"nwk_types.h"
#include
"nwk_api.h"
#include
"bsp_leds.h"
#include
"bsp_buttons.h"
#include
"vlo_rand.h"
#ifndef
APP_AUTO_ACK
#error
ERROR:
Must
define
the
macro
APP_AUTO_ACK
for
this
application.
#endif
void
toggleLED(uint8_t);
static
void
linkTo(void);
static
linkID_t
sLinkID1
=
0;
#define
SPIN_ABOUT_A_SECOND
NWK_DELAY(1000)
#define
SPIN_ABOUT_A_QUARTER_SECOND
NWK_DELAY(250)
/*
How
many
times
to
try
a
Tx
and
miss
an
acknowledge
before
doing
a
scan
*/
#define
MISSES_IN_A_ROW
2
void
createRandomAddress(void);
volatile
int
*
tempOffset
=
(int
*)0x10F4;
//
Temperature
offset
set
at
production
char
*
Flash_Addr
=
(char
*)0x10F0;
//
Initialize
radio
address
location
__interrupt
void
ADC10_ISR(void);
__interrupt
void
Timer_A
(void);
/*
work
loop
semaphores
*/
static
volatile
uint8_t
sSelfMeasureSem
=
0;
void
main
(void)
{
addr_t
lAddr;
BSP_Init();
if(Flash_Addr[0]
==
0xFF
&&
Flash_Addr[1]
==
0xFF
&&
20. 20
Flash_Addr[2]
==
0xFF
&&
Flash_Addr[3]
==
0xFF
)
{
createRandomAddress();
//
set
Random
device
address
at
initial
startup
}
lAddr.addr[0]
=
Flash_Addr[0];
lAddr.addr[1]
=
Flash_Addr[1];
lAddr.addr[2]
=
Flash_Addr[2];
lAddr.addr[3]
=
Flash_Addr[3];
SMPL_Ioctl(IOCTL_OBJ_ADDR,
IOCTL_ACT_SET,
&lAddr);
/*
Keep
trying
to
join
(a
side
effect
of
successful
initialization)
until
successful
.
Toggle
LEDS
to
indicate
that
joining
has
not
occurred*/
while
(SMPL_SUCCESS
!=
SMPL_Init(0))
{
toggleLED(1);
toggleLED(2);
SPIN_ABOUT_A_SECOND;
}
/*
LEDs
on
solid
to
indicate
successful
join.
*/
if
(!BSP_LED2_IS_ON())
{
toggleLED(2);
}
if
(!BSP_LED1_IS_ON())
{
toggleLED(1);
}
BCSCTL3
|=
LFXT1S_2;
//
LFXT1
=
VLO
TACCTL0
=
CCIE;
//
TACCR0
interrupt
enabled
TACCR0
=
12000;
//
~
1
sec
TACTL
=
TASSEL_1
+
MC_1;
//
ACLK,
upmode
/*
Unconditional
link
to
AP
which
is
listening
due
to
successful
join.*/
linkTo();
while
(1)
;
}
static
void
linkTo()
21. 21
{
uint8_t
msg[3];
uint8_t
misses,
done;
/*
Keep
trying
to
link...
*/
while
(SMPL_SUCCESS
!=
SMPL_Link(&sLinkID1))
{
toggleLED(1);
toggleLED(2);
SPIN_ABOUT_A_SECOND;
}
/*
Turn
off
LEDs.
*/
if
(BSP_LED2_IS_ON())
{
toggleLED(2);
}
if
(BSP_LED1_IS_ON())
{
toggleLED(1);
}
SMPL_Ioctl(
IOCTL_OBJ_RADIO,
IOCTL_ACT_RADIO_SLEEP,
0);
while
(1)
{
__bis_SR_register(LPM3_bits+GIE);
//
LPM3
with
interrupts
enabled
if
(sSelfMeasureSem)
{
volatile
long
temp;
int
degC,
volt;
int
results[2];
uint8_t
noAck;
smplStatus_t
rc;
/*
get
radio
ready...awakens
in
idle
state
*/
SMPL_Ioctl(
IOCTL_OBJ_RADIO,
IOCTL_ACT_RADIO_AWAKE,
0);
ADC10CTL1
=
INCH_10
+
ADC10DIV_4;
//
Temp
Sensor
ADC10CLK/5
ADC10CTL0
=
SREF_1
+
ADC10SHT_3
+
REFON
+
ADC10ON
+
ADC10IE
+
ADC10SR;
for(
degC
=
240;
degC
>
0;
degC-‐-‐
);
//
delay
to
allow
reference
to
settle
ADC10CTL0
|=
ENC
+
ADC10SC;
//
Sampling
and
conversion
start
__bis_SR_register(CPUOFF
+
GIE);
//
LPM0
with
interrupts
enabled
22. 22
results[0]
=
ADC10MEM;
ADC10CTL0
&=
~ENC;
ADC10CTL1
=
INCH_11;
//
AVcc/2
ADC10CTL0
=
SREF_1
+
ADC10SHT_2
+
REFON
+
ADC10ON
+
ADC10IE
+
REF2_5V;
for(
degC
=
240;
degC
>
0;
degC-‐-‐
);
//
delay
to
allow
reference
to
settle
ADC10CTL0
|=
ENC
+
ADC10SC;
//
Sampling
and
conversion
start
__bis_SR_register(CPUOFF
+
GIE);
//
LPM0
with
interrupts
enabled
results[1]
=
ADC10MEM;
ADC10CTL0
&=
~ENC;
ADC10CTL0
&=
~(REFON
+
ADC10ON);
//
turn
off
A/D
to
save
power
//
oC
=
((A10/1024)*1500mV)-‐986mV)*1/3.55mV
=
A10*423/1024
-‐
278
//
the
temperature
is
transmitted
as
an
integer
where
32.1
=
321
//
hence
4230
instead
of
423
temp
=
results[0];
degC
=
((temp
-‐
673)
*
4230)
/
1024;
if(
(*tempOffset)
!=
0xFFFF
)
{
degC
+=
(*tempOffset);
}
/*
message
format,
UB
=
upper
Byte,
LB
=
lower
Byte
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
|degC
LB
|
degC
UB
|
volt
LB
|
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
0
1
2
*/
temp
=
results[1];
volt
=
(temp*25)/512;
msg[0]
=
degC&0xFF;
msg[1]
=
(degC>>8)&0xFF;
msg[2]
=
volt;
done
=
0;
while
(!done)
{
noAck
=
0;
/*
Try
sending
message
MISSES_IN_A_ROW
times
looking
for
ack
*/
for
(misses=0;
misses
<
MISSES_IN_A_ROW;
++misses)
{
23. 23
if
(SMPL_SUCCESS
==
(rc=SMPL_SendOpt(sLinkID1,
msg,
sizeof(msg),
SMPL_TXOPTION_ACKREQ)))
{
/*
Message
acked.
We're
done.
Toggle
LED
1
to
indicate
ack
received.
*/
toggleLED(1);
//
Toggle
On
LED1
__delay_cycles(2000);
toggleLED(1);
break;
}
if
(SMPL_NO_ACK
==
rc)
{
/*
Count
ack
failures.
Could
also
fail
because
of
CCA
and
we
don't
want
to
scan
in
this
case.
*/
noAck++;
}
}
if
(MISSES_IN_A_ROW
==
noAck)
{
/*
Message
not
acked.
Toggle
LED
2.
*/
toggleLED(2);
//
Turn
On
LED2
__delay_cycles(2000);
toggleLED(2);
#ifdef
FREQUENCY_AGILITY
/*
Assume
we're
on
the
wrong
channel
so
look
for
channel
by
using
the
Ping
to
initiate
a
scan
when
it
gets
no
reply.
With
a
successful
ping
try
sending
the
message
again.
Otherwise,
for
any
error
we
get
we
will
wait
until
the
next
button
press
to
try
again.
*/
if
(SMPL_SUCCESS
!=
SMPL_Ping(sLinkID1))
{
done
=
1;
}
#else
done
=
1;
#endif
/*
FREQUENCY_AGILITY
*/
}
else
24. 24
{
/*
Got
the
ack
or
we
don't
care.
We're
done.
*/
done
=
1;
}
}
/*
radio
back
to
sleep
*/
SMPL_Ioctl(
IOCTL_OBJ_RADIO,
IOCTL_ACT_RADIO_SLEEP,
0);
}
}
}
void
toggleLED(uint8_t
which)
{
if
(1
==
which)
{
BSP_TOGGLE_LED1();
}
else
if
(2
==
which)
{
BSP_TOGGLE_LED2();
}
return;
}
void
createRandomAddress()
{
unsigned
int
rand,
rand2;
do
{
rand
=
TI_getRandomIntegerFromVLO();
//
first
byte
can
not
be
0x00
of
0xFF
}
while(
(rand
&
0xFF00)==0xFF00
||
(rand
&
0xFF00)==0x0000
);
rand2
=
TI_getRandomIntegerFromVLO();
BCSCTL1
=
CALBC1_1MHZ;
//
Set
DCO
to
1MHz
DCOCTL
=
CALDCO_1MHZ;
FCTL2
=
FWKEY
+
FSSEL0
+
FN1;
//
MCLK/3
for
Flash
Timing
Generator
FCTL3
=
FWKEY
+
LOCKA;
//
Clear
LOCK
&
LOCKA
bits
FCTL1
=
FWKEY
+
WRT;
//
Set
WRT
bit
for
write
operation
Flash_Addr[0]=(rand>>8)
&
0xFF;
25. 25
Flash_Addr[1]=rand
&
0xFF;
Flash_Addr[2]=(rand2>>8)
&
0xFF;
Flash_Addr[3]=rand2
&
0xFF;
#pragma
vector=ADC10_VECTOR
__interrupt
void
ADC10_ISR(void)
{
__bic_SR_register_on_exit(CPUOFF);
//
Clear
CPUOFF
bit
from
0(SR)
}
/*
Timer
A0
interrupt
service
routine*/
#pragma
vector=TIMERA0_VECTOR
__interrupt
void
Timer_A
(void)
{
sSelfMeasureSem
=
1;
__bic_SR_register_on_exit(LPM3_bits);
//
Clear
LPM3
bit
from
0(SR)
}
Compiling and Loading the End Device code-
The
process
for
building
the
executable
for
the
End
Device
is
identical
to
the
process
for
the
Access
Point,
the
only
difference
being
that
you
start
by
selecting
the
“End
Device”
tab.
26. 26
All
of
the
other
steps
are
identical,
except
we
need
to
plug
a
different
little
circuit
board
into
the
USB
stick
before
doing
the
programming
step,
otherwise
we
will
just
end
up
reprogramming
the
Access
Point.
In
other
words,
we
will
need
to
open
up
the
USB
stick
and
remove
the
AP
circuit
board
and
then
attach
the
ED
circuit
board
to
the
USB
programmer.
Temperature
Sensors
Monitoring
Portal-‐
eZ430-‐RF2500
is
preloaded
with
a
wireless
temperature
sensor
network
firmware
and
can
be
re-‐programmed
at
any
time.
This
network
consists
of
an
Access
Point
that
measures
its
own
temperature
and
also
wirelessly
receives
temperature
measurements
from
End
Devices.
End
Devices
measure
their
temperature
once
per
second
and
then
enter
a
low-‐
power
mode
to
reduce
battery
usage.
The
Access
Point
transmits
all
measured
data
to
the
PC
through
the
UART
backchannel.
The
included
PC
Sensor
Monitor
Visualizer
provides
a
demonstration
of
the
eZ430-‐RF2500
using
the
Simplicity
protocol
across
a
star
network.
In
the
PC
Sensor
Monitor
Visualizer,
the
center
node
is
the
Access
Point
and
the
attached
bubbles
are
the
End
Devices.
27. 27
The
PC
application
displays
the
temperature
of
both
the
End
Devices
and
Access
Point.
Additionally,
the
PC
application
is
capable
of
simulating
distance
from
its
access
point
when
the
End
Devices
are
moved
.The
number
of
End
Devices
can
be
expanded
by
adding
more
target
boards
in
the
star
network.
29. 29
Data
Acquisition
system
for
wireless
sensor-‐
For
data
acquisitions
we
used
real
term
application
.The
real
term
is
a
terminal
program
specially
designed
for
capturing,
controlling
and
debugging
binary
and
other
difficult
data
streams.
It
is
far
better
for
debugging
commas
than
Hyper-‐terminal.
It
has
no
support
for
dialing
modems.
30. 30
Process
to
configure
Real
Term
application-‐
1. Disconnect
all
of
the
ED’s
from
their
battery
packs
so
that
only
the
AP
is
left
active.
2. Close
the
Sensor
Monitor
window.
3. The
AP
looks
like
a
simple
serial
port
device
to
your
computer.
Every
time
it
blinks,
the
AP
is
actually
attempting
to
send
data
to
your
PC.
4. Start
up
Real-‐term,
which
is
a
terminal
emulator
program
select
the
Port
tab,
then
the
Port
dropdown
menu,
and
select
the
highest
numbered
serial
port
you
see
5. Now
open
the
port
by
clicking
on
the
“Open”
button
twice.
You
should
see
a
new
line
of
data
appearing
every
second
or
so.
31. 31
Representation
of
Sensors
data-‐
In
Real
term
serial
capture
program
Every
line
of
data
represents
the
measurements
made
by
the
AP
of
its
own
temperature
and
operating
voltage:
$HUB0,
93.2F,3.5,000,N#
This
is
the
temperature
information
the
Sensor
Monitor
program
displaying
in
the
image.
If
we
power
up
one
of
the
End
devices
we
can
see
data
appearing
in
the
terminal
program
window
at
about
twice
the
rate
as
before.
This
is
because
the
Access
point
is
now
receiving
data
from
the
End
devices
every
second
or
so,
and
it
forwards
this
to
the
PC
in
addition
to
its
own
information.
Power
up
several
more
End
devices
and
see
what
changes
in
the
terminal
window.
The
third
number
in
the
lines
from
the
ED
(057
or
058
in
the
image
above)
is
the
signal
strength
of
the
End
devices
radio
transmission
as
measured
by
the
Access
point.
32. 32
Customized
program
for
Data
Acquisition
(End
Device)
–
*
BEGHDR
*
NAME:
void
transmit_time_delay(void)
*
DESCRIPTION:
Sets
timer
to
transmit
time
based
on
timer_state
*
INPUTS:
void
*
PROCESSING:
Sets
timer
to
transmit
time,
for
2
min
and
4
min
transmit
times
*
loop
number
of
30
sec
times
to
make
2
min
and
4
min.
*
OUTPUTS:
void
**************************************************************
void
transmit_time_delay(void)
{
volatile
unsigned
int
i
=
0;
in_delay
=
1;
switch
(timer_state)
{
case
timer_state_1:
//
Timer
State
==
1;
5
Secs
delay(sec5);
in_delay
=
0;
battery_full_timer
+=
sec5;
break;
case
timer_state_2:
//
Timer
State
==
2;
10
Secs
delay(sec10);
in_delay
=
0;
battery_full_timer
+=
sec10;
break;
case
timer_state_3:
//
Timer
State
==
3;
20
Secs
delay(sec20);
in_delay
=
0;
battery_full_timer
+=
sec20;
break;
case
timer_state_4:
//
Timer
State
==
4;
40
Secs
delay(sec40);
in_delay
=
0;
33. 33
battery_full_timer
+=
sec40;
break;
case
timer_state_5:
//
Timer
State
==
5;
2
mins
while((i++
<
4)
&&
(timer_state
==
timer_state_5))
{
delay(sec30_2);
in_delay
=
0;
battery_full_timer
+=
sec30_2;
}
break;
case
timer_state_6:
//
Timer
State
==
6;
4
mins
while((i++
<
8)
&&
(timer_state
==
timer_state_6))
{
delay(sec30_4);
in_delay
=
0;
battery_full_timer
+=
sec30_4;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}//
void
transmit_time_delay(void)
Initial
steps
of
project
based
on
temperature
analyzing
and
monitoring
using
radio
frequency
sensor.
This
range
is
limited
in
particular
area
so,
we
are
looking
forward
for
IP
Address
based
temperature
monitoring
and
wireless
data
acquisition.
This
project
could
play
a
substantial
part
in
reducing
carbon
emission
not
only
for
RIT,
but
for
the
community
in
general.
34. 34
References-‐
Carl
Lundgren
Professor
Manufacturing
&
Mech.
Eng.
Tech./Packaging
Science
Antonio
Mondragon,
Ph.D.
Assistant
Professor
http://www.iar.com/en/Products/IAR-‐Embedded-‐Workbench/
http://realterm.sourceforge.net/
www.hep.princeton.edu/~marlow/rrs/Guides/Workbench.pdf
http://www.ti.com/tool/ez430-‐rf2500-‐seh
http://www.ti.com/tool/EZ430-‐RF2500T
http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-‐bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1289334133
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network
