9. HEALTH
(DEFINITION)
“A STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL,
MENTAL AND SOCIAL WELL-
BEING AND NOT MERELY THE
ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY”
WHO CONSTITUTION (1948)
10. ECO DEVP
(DEFINITION)
“MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT
W/O COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF
FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR
OWN NEEDS.”
UN WORLD COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENT & DEVP (1987)
11. HEALTH DETERMINANT
(AS PER WHO)
IS A FORCE OR ELEMENT.
AFFECTS HEALTH, EITHER POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY.
IS DETERMINED BY
INTRINSIC FORCES (GENETICS, BEHAVIOUR, CULTURE, HABITS AND
LIFESTYLES) AND
EXTRINSIC FORCES (PREVENTATIVE, CURATIVE AND PROMOTIONAL
ASPECTS OF THE HEALTH SECTOR)
ELEMENTS OUTSIDE THE HEALTH SECTOR INCLUDING:
ECONOMIC FACTORS (TRADE)
SOCIAL FACTORS (POVERTY)
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (CLIMATE CHANGE)
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)
12. HEALTH DETERMINANTS
INCOME AND SOCIAL STATUS.
SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS.
EDUCATION AND LITERACY.
EMPLOYMENT/WORKING CONDITIONS.
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS.
PERSONAL HEALTH PRACTICES & COPING SKILLS.
HEALTHY CHILD DEVELOPMENT.
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS.
HEALTH CARE SERVICES.
GENDER.
CULTURE.
- WHO CONSTITUTION (1948)
15. INTERSE RELATION BETWEEN
HEALTH & ECO DEVP
PRESTON FINDINGS (1975).
BARRO’S ANALYSIS (1997).
BLOOM & MALANEV’S STUDIES (1998).
BLOOM AND CANNING FINDINGS (2000).
HDI VS INCOME & NON-INCOME ELEMENTS GRAPH.
UN DEFINITION.
17. PRESTON (1975) FINDINGS
A CURVILINEAR ASSOCIATION - THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
ECONOMIC GROWTH (NATIONAL INCOME PER HEAD) AND HEALTH
(LIFE EXPECTANCY) IN THE 1930S AND IN THE 1960S.
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT - BETWEEN THE LOGARITHM OF
NATIONAL INCOME AND LIFE EXPECTANCY.
IN 1930S - 0.885 &
IN 1960S - O.880.
DEATON (2003) UPDATED THE PRESTON CURVE IN 2000.
18. BARRO (1997) FINDINGS
AN AMERICAN MACRO
ECONOMIST BARRO PROJECTED
THAT A 10% JUMP IN LIFE
EXPECTANCY LEADS TO A 0.4%
INCREASE IN ECONOMIC GROWTH
AND MANY STUDIES TOO
CONFIRMED THE SAME.
19. BLOOM & MALANEV’S STUDIES (1998)
WHILE EXAMINING 78 COUNTRIES DURING
THE PERIOD 1965-1990, BLOOM & MALANEV
SUGGESTED THAT THE MORTALITY CRISIS,
WHICH OCCURRED IN RUSSIA IN THE FIRST HALF
OF 1990’S LED TO A FALL IN LIFE EXPECTANCY
FROM 70 TO 65 CONSEQUENTLY LOWERED THE
COUNTRIES GDP BY AN ESTIMATED 1.8 TO 2.7%
20. BLOOM & CANNING FINDINGS (2000)
RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
ANALYZED - RELATION BETWEEN HEALTH &
INCOME.
TAPPED FOUR DIFFERENT CHANNELS
PRODUCTIVITY.
EDUCATION.
INVESTMENT IN PHYSICAL CAPITAL.
DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND.
21. BLOOM & CANNING FINDINGS (2000)
FINDINGS.
INDIVIDUALS WITH GREATER HEALTH NOT
ONLY HAVE LESS SICK DAYS, BUT ARE ALSO
MORE MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY PREPARED
FOR WORK.
INDIVIDUALS WHO LIVE LONGER HAVE A
GREATER INCENTIVE TO INVEST IN EDUCATION
AND ACQUIRE HIGHER RETURN ON SUCH
INVESTMENTS.
22. BLOOM & CANNING FINDINGS (2000)
FINDINGS.
THE LEVEL OF SAVINGS INCREASES AS THE
INDIVIDUAL’S LIFE EXPECTANCY RISES, HENCE
STIMULATING INVESTMENT.
BETTER HEALTH IN THE FORM OF HIGHER LIFE
EXPECTANCY AND IMPROVED CHILD HEALTH MAY
LEAD TO A DECREASE IN THE IMPREGNATION
RATE, HENCE ADULTS PARTICIPATE MORE
EXTENSIVELY IN THE LABOUR MARKET,
ALLOWING THEM TO OBTAIN HIGHER INCOME
PER CAPITA.